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Abstract

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolated from the rhizosphere soil of eight field crops at different locations in Egypt were identified. Rhizobacteria strains were identified as Bacillus endophyticus AW1 5, B. filamentosus EM9, ET3, Micrococcus luteus KT2, FW9, FC13, SaW4, Enterobacter cloacae SK18, Pseudomonas azotoformans TPo10, Citrobacter braakii TC3. All isolates solubilised insoluble phosphate and produced IAA, while only six were able to produce siderophores in vitro. Vegetative growth and yield of wheat cv. ‘Sakha 94’ were enhanced after the application of single inoculation of each isolate compared to the control. Grain yield was increased by 20.7– 96.5% over the control according to bacterial isolates. Available phosphorus (P) and counts of total bacteria in soil were observed to be significantly increased in treatments than in control. After the wheat harvest, soil pH was observed to be decreased, and a highly significant negative correlation was observed between soil pH and the levels of available phosphorus. Significant increases in grain and straw yields, as well as uptake of nitrogen (N) and P by plants, were observed due to inoculation with PGPR isolates. Levels of photosynthetic pigments, free amino acids, free phenolics, and reducing sugars in flag leaf and spikes were significantly enhanced by the application of all PGPR isolates compared to the control. Thus this study identifies the PGPR isolates for the improvement of the growth, yield, and quality of wheat. The study may be also useful for field evaluation under different soils and environmental conditions before generalising PGPR isolates as biofertilisers.
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Authors and Affiliations

Samy A.E.M. Abdelazeem
1
Samar M. Al-Werwary
2
Taha A.E. Mehana
2
Mohamed A. El-Hamahmy
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hazem M. Kalaji
3
ORCID: ORCID
Anshu Rastogi
4
ORCID: ORCID
Nabil I. Elsheery
5
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Suez Canal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water, Ismailia, Egypt
  2. Suez Canal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Botany, Ismailia, Egypt
  3. Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland
  4. Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Poznań, Poland
  5. Tanta University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Botany Department, Seberbay Campus, 31257, Tanta, Egypt
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Abstract

Globally more than 5.2 billion hectares of farming fields are damaged through erosion, salinity and soil deterioration. Many salt stress tolerant bacteria have plant growth promoting (PGP) characteristics that can be used to overcome environmental stresses. Isolation and screening of salt-tolerant endophytes from Salicornia brachiata were achieved through surface sterilization of leaves followed by cultivation on 4% NaCl amended media. Performance of isolates towards indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization, ACC deaminase activity, ammonia production, siderophore production and stress tolerance were determined. On the basis of the highest plant growth promoting activity, SbCT4 and SbCT7 isolates were tested for plant growth promotion with wheat and maize crops. In the present study, a total of 12 morphologically distinct salt-tolerant endophytic bacteria was cultured. Out of 12 isolates, 42% of salt-tolerant endophytes showed phosphate solubilization, 67% IAA production, 33% ACC-deaminase activity, 92% siderophore production, 41.6% ammonia production and 66% HCN production. A dendrogram, generated on the basis of stress tolerance, showed two clusters, each including five isolates. The bacterial isolates SbCT4 and SbCT7 showed the highest stress tolerance, and stood separately as an independent branch. Bacterial isolates increased wheat shoot and root dry weights by 60–82% and 50–100%, respectively. Similarly, improved results were obtained with maize shoot (27–150%) and root (80–126%) dry weights. For the first time from this plant the bacterial isolates were identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa SbCT4 and Bacillus subtilis SbCT7 based on phenotypic features and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Paenibacillus polymyxa SbCT4 and B. subtilis SbCT7 significantly improved plant growth compared to non-inoculated trials.

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Authors and Affiliations

Arun Karnwal
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Abstract

Rice blast is one of the most destructive rice diseases known to cause considerable yield losses globally. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are closely associated with rice plants and improve plant growth and health. To determine how isolated bacteria trigger rice growth, an assessment of phosphate solubilization and auxin production mechanisms was carried out in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the interactions between PGPR and Rhizophagus irregularis were evaluated in wildtype and CYCLOPS mutant plants to provide a sustainable solution against blast disease and reduce the amount of yield loss. Importantly, Bacillus subtilis UTSP40 and Pseudomonas fluorescens UTSP50 exhibited a suppressive effect on AMF colonization which shows the probable existence of a functional competition between AMF and PGPR to dominate the rhizosphere. On the other hand, R. irregularis decreased the biocontrol activity of B. subtilis UTSP40 in wild type, although this reduction was not significant in mutant plants. Results showed that the same defense-related genes were induced in the roots of wild type colonized by B. subtilis UTSP40 and R. irregularis. Therefore, plant cell programs may be shared during root colonization by these two groups of beneficial microorganisms.

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Authors and Affiliations

Samira Peighami Ashnaei
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Abstract

The role of the tea commodity in the economy of Indonesia is quite strategic. Various types of microorganisms in nature have been known to increase the benefit of the root function, suppress disease, and accelerate plant growth. This study aimed to determine the potential of indigenous bacteria (Azoto II-1, Acinetobacter sp., bacteria Endo-5, bacteria Endo-65 and Endo-76) on the growth of tea plants and their potential in increasing resistance to blister blight disease. The test of microbes’ potential effect on growth and blister blight was conducted in Gambung, West Java in an experimental field using a randomized block design (RBD) with six treatments and each treatment was replicated four times. The composition of the treatments was: A) Endo-5; B) Endo-65; C) Endo-76; D) Azoto II-1; E) Acinetobacter sp.; and F) control (without microbes). Bacterial suspension was applied directly to the soil at a dose of 2 l · ha−1. The bacterial suspension was applied six times at 1 week intervals. The results of field observations indicated that the intensity of blister blight decreased in all treatments but did not significantly differ from the control. Meanwhile, the results of Acinetobacter sp. treatment in tea shoots was 17.26% higher than the control.

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Authors and Affiliations

Fani Fauziah
Mieke Rochimi Setiawati
Eko Pranoto
Dwi Ningsih Susilowati
Yati Rachmiati
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Abstract

The efficiency of a formulated salicylic acid (Zacha 11, 500 mg · l–1) and a Bacillus bioproduct (JN2-007, 1 × 107 cfu · ml–1) in controlling cassava root rot disease and enhancing growth was evaluated. The results revealed that cassava stalk soaking and foliage spraying with Zacha 11 formulation or Bacillus subtilis bioproduct could increase cassava growth at 60 days after planting under greenhouse conditions. Zacha 11 gave the tallest stem height (11.67 cm), the longest root length (18.91 cm) and the greatest number of roots (49.50). Fusarium root rot severity indices of all treated treatments were reduced, and were significantly lower than that of the water control. Plants treated with Zacha 11 and JN2-007 had disease severity reduction of 53.33 and 48.33%, respectively. Furthermore, all treatments increased the endogenous salicylic acid (SA) content in cassava plants at 24 inoculation with significant differences when compared to the untreated samples. The efficacy of Zacha 11 and JN2-007 was evaluated at two field locations, using two different cassava varieties, cv. Rayong 72 and CMR-89. The results showed that all elicitors could suppress root rot disease as well as bacterial leaf blight. Furthermore, the elicitors helped cassava plants cv. Rayong 72 and CMR-89 to increase tuber weight, yield and starch contents, compared to the water control. Thus, it is possible that these formulations could be effective in controlling diseases and increasing cassava productivity.
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Authors and Affiliations

Chanon Saengchan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piyaporn Phansak
2
Toan Le Thanh
3
Narendra Kumar Papathoti
1 4
Natthiya Buensanteai
1

  1. School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
  2. Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom, Thailand
  3. Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
  4. Research and Development Division, Sri Yuva Biotech Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Abstract

The entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are characterized as fungi with various functions and numerous mechanisms of action. The ability to establish themselves as beneficial endophytes provides a sound ground for their exploitation in crop production and protection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the entomopathogenic strains of Beauveria bassiana and Mertarhizium anisopliae for their potential to colonize cucumber plants under natural environmental conditions in non-sterile substrate. Seed submersion in conidial suspension resulted in systemic colonization of cucumber plants 28 days post-inoculation. Scanning electron microscope micrographs demonstrated that conidia of both fungal genera have adhered, germinated and directly penetrated seed epidermal cells 24 hr post-submersion. Treated with EPF cucumber seeds resulted seedlings tissues of which contained a significantly higher amount of total phenolic compounds and unchanged amounts of chlorophylls. There was a significant negative effect of endophytic colonization on the Aphis gossypii population size after 5 days of exposure as well as a positive effect on cucumber growth and development 7 weeks post-inoculation. We suggest that reduction of A. gossypii population on mature Cucumis sativus plants is caused via an endophyte-triggered improvement of plant’s physiological parameters such as enhanced plant growth with subsequent increase in plant resistance through augmented production of phenolic compounds.
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Authors and Affiliations

Roshan S. Shaalan
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Elvis Gerges
3
Wassim Habib
3
Ludmilla Ibrahim
2

  1. Department of Plant Protection, University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria
  2. Department of Plant Protection, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
  3. Department of Plant Protection, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Lebanon
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Abstract

Tubercle disease or a bacterial pocket disease of sugar beets are names used to describe one of the gall-malformed diseases of sugar beet roots. Xanthomonas beticola is the historical name of the pathogen supposedly causing bacterial pocket disease. There were no isolates deposited in any collection corresponding to the originally isolated bacteria, except two strains from the NCPPB (National Collection of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, UK). However, both isolates were identified as related to Bacillus pumilus, which raised doubts about their pathogenicity. In our laboratory, greenhouse, and preliminary field experiments, we demonstrated that such strains are not pathogenic to sugar beets. Furthermore, both strains promoted their growth, improved their yield quality, and partly protected them against Rhizoctonia solani in a field experiment.
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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata B. Nabrdalik
1
Ewa B. Moliszewska
1

  1. Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Opole University, Opole, Poland
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Abstract

Salinity is one of the most significant constraints to crop production in dry parts of the world. This research emphasizes the beneficial effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial isolates (PGPR) on the physiological responses of maize and wheat in a saline (NaCl) environment. Soil samples for the study were collected from a maize field in Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India. Isolated bacterial strains were screened for salt (NaCl) tolerance and plant growth-promoting characters (i.e., indole acetic acid (IAA) production, siderophore production, amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production, and mineral phosphate solubilization). Screened bacterial isolates were further tested in pot experiments to examine their effects on wheat and maize growth. The treatments included five levels of bacterial inoculation (P0: control, P1: ACC deaminase positive + siderophore producer + NaCl tolerant bacteria, P2: mineral phosphate solubilizer + HCN producer + NaCl tolerant bacteria, P3: IAA producer + ACC deaminase positive + NaCl tolerant bacteria, P4: bacterial consortium, P5: Phosphomax commercial biofertilizer) and salt stress at 6 dS/m. Research findings found that exposure to a bacterial consortium led to the highest growth parameter in maize, including shoot length, root length, shoot and root dry weight followed by P2, P3, and P5 treatments at 6 dS/m salinity levels. However, P2 showed the best results for wheat at the same salinity levels, followed by P3, P4 and P5 treatments. P1 treatment did not show a significant result compared to control at 6dS/m salt level for both crops. The maximum proline content in maize and wheat was observed in P4 (23.28 μmol · g−1) and P2 (15.52 μmol · g−1) treatments, respectively, followed by P5 with Phosphomax biofertilizer. Therefore, the study proposed the application of growth-promoting bacterial isolates as efficient biofertilizers in the Baddi region of Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Authors and Affiliations

Arun Karnwal
1

  1. Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India

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