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Abstract

This paper discusses heritagisation, a key concept in critical heritage studies. The author differ-entiates the sources and meanings of this term within various heritage discourses. First and foremost, the ambition of the paper is to propose an appropriate translation of heritagisation into Polish, one that embraces all the negative aspects of this process.
The concept of heritagisation was introduced in the 90s and then later adapted by scholars representing critical heritage studies. Originally, the term was used to signal the dangers linked to the administrative processes of heritage‑making: gentrification, commercialisation, monetisa-tion and flattening the meanings of monuments and architecture from the past. The term was critically examined at the beginning of the 21st century, when scholars used it to describe the accumulation of heritage that is insufficiently protected. Nevertheless, this concept, migrating from discipline to discipline, also gained a positive meaning connected to the adaptation of heritage. In this paper the author discusses the differences between negative and positive her-itagisation. The author identifies the differences between discourses, and explains how the concept is used within various fields of study. Last but not least, the author proposes a non‑literal translation of heritagisation into Polish, which should embrace all the meanings of the concept framed by critical heritage studies theory. Finally, the author applies the concept to a case study: the history of Pavilion Powiśle/Syreni Śpiew.
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Bibliography

Afinoguénova, Eugenia, Eduardo Rodríguez Merchán. „Picturesque violence: tourism, the film industry, and the heritagization of «bandoleros» in Spain, 1905–1936”. Journal of Tourism History 1, 6 (2014): 38–56. DOI: 10.1080/1755182X.2014.954639.
Ashley, Susan L.T. „Acts of heritage, acts of value: memorialising at the Chattri Indian Memorial, UK”. International Journal of Heritage Studies 7, 22 (2016): 554–567. DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2016.1167107.
Ashworth, Gregory. Planowanie dziedzictwa, przeł. Marta Duda‑Gryc et al. Kraków: Międzynarodowe Centrum Kultury, 2015.
Augé, Marc. Nie‑miejsca: wprowadzenie do antropologii hipernowoczesności, przeł. Roman Chymkowski. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2010.
Bondarik, Roberto, Luis Alberto, Diogo José Horst. „Sports mega‑events and overestimated promises: the case of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil”. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change 3, 18 (2020): 351–367.
Bujdosó, Zoltán et al. „Basis of Heritagization and Cultural Tourism Development”. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 188 (2015): 307–315.
Dabezies, Juan Martin. „Heritagization of nature and its influence on local ecological knowledge in Uruguay”. International Journal of Heritage Studies 8, 24 (2018): 828–842. DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2018.1428663.
DeSilvey, Caitlin. Curated Decay: Heritage Beyond Saving. Minneapolis‑London: University of Minnesota Press, 2017.
DeSilvey, Caitlin. „Ruderal heritage”. W Deterritorializing the Future. Heritage in, of and after the Anthropocene, red. Rodney Harrison, Colin Sterling, 289–310. London: UCL Press, 2020.
DeSilvey, Caitlin, Rodney Harrison. „Anticipating loss: rethinking endangerment in heritage futures”. International Journal of Heritage Studies 1, 26 (2020): 1–7. DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2019.1644530.
Fredheim, L. Harold, Manal Khalaf. „The significance of values: heritage value typologies re‑examined”. International Journal of Heritage Studies 6, 22 (2016): 466–481. DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2016.1171247.
González, Pablo Alonso et al. „Introduction: heritage and revolution – first as tragedy, then as farce?”. International Journal of Heritage Studies 5, 25 (2019): 469–477. DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2018.1509231.
González‑Ruibal, Alfredo. An Archaeology of the Contemporary Era. Abingdon‑Oxon‑New York: Routledge, 2019.
Harrison, Rodney. „What is heritage?”. W Understanding the Politics of Heritage, red. Rodney Harrison, 5–42. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2010.
Harrison, Rodney. „Beyond «Natural» and «Cultural» Heritage: Toward an Ontological Politics of Heritage in the Age of Anthropocene”. Heritage & Society 1, 8 (2015): 24–42.
Harrison, Rodney. „On Heritage Ontologies: Rethinking the Material Worlds of Heritage”. Anthropological Quarterly 4, 91 (2019): 1365–1384.
Harrison, Rodney, Caitlin DeSilvey, Cornelius Holtorf et al. Heritage Futures: Comparative Approaches to Natural and Cultural Heritage Practices. London: UCL Press, 2020.
Hartog, Francois. „Time and Heritage”. Museum International 3, 57 (2005): 7–18.
Holtorf, Cornelius. „Dlaczego dziedzictwo kulturowe nie jest zagrożone (w Syrii i innych miejscach)”. http://archeo.edu.pl/biografia2017/2016/10/18/dlaczego‑dziedzictwo-kulturowe‑nie‑jest‑zagrozone‑w‑syrii‑i‑innych‑miejscach/ (dostęp: 25.03.2020).
Ichumbaki, Elgidius B., Edward Pollard. „Valuing the Swahili Cultural Heritage: A Maritime Cultural Ecosystem Services Study from Kilwa, Tanzania”. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 4, 21 (2019): 230–255.
Jeffrey, Stuart. „Challenging Heritage Visualisation: Beauty, Aura and Democratisation”. Open Archaeology 1 (2015): 144–152.
Jones, Siân. „Negotiating Authentic Objects and Authentic Selves: Beyond the Deconstruction of Authenticity”. Journal of Material Culture 2, 15 (2010): 181–203.
Jones, Siân. „Wrestling with the Social Value of Heritage: Problems, Dilemmas and Opportunities”. Journal of Community Archaeology & Heritage 1, 4 (2014): 21–37.
Jones, Siân. „Unlocking Essences and Exploring Networks: Experiencing Authenticity in Heritage Education Settings”. W Sensitive Pasts: Questioning Heritage in Education. Making Sense of History, red. Carla van Boxtel, Maria Grever, Stephan r.E. Klein, 130–152. Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2017.
Jones, Siân et al. „3D heritage visualisation and the negotiation of authenticity: the ACCORD project”. International Journal of Heritage Studies 4, 24 (2017): 333–353.
Lübbe, Hermann. Zeit‑Verhältnisse. Zur Kulturphilosophie des Fortschritts. Graz, Wien, Köln: Verlag Styria, 1983.
Malchrowicz‑Mośko, Ewa, Adam Omorczyk. „Znaczenie nostalgii we współczesnej turystyce. Historyczne eventy sportowe a marketing terytorialny”. Rozprawy Naukowe AWF we Wrocławiu 63 (2018): 143–150.
Meskell, Lynn. Future in Ruins. UNESCO, World Heritage and the Dream of Peace. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
Meskell, Lynn. „Negative Heritage and Past Mastering in Archaeology”. Anthropological Quarterly 3, 75 (2002): 557–574.
Milošević, Ana. „Historicizing the present: Brussels attacks and heritagization of spontaneous memorials”. International Journal of Heritage Studies 1, 24 (2018): 53–65. DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2017.1362574.
Murzyn‑Kupisz, Monika. Dziedzictwo kulturowe a rozwój lokalny. Kraków: Wydawnictwo UEK, 2012.
Murzyn‑Kupisz, Monika. „Dziedzictwo kulturowe w kontekście rozwoju lokalnego”. W Kultura a rozwój, red. Jerzy Hausner, Anna Karwińska, Jacek Purchla, 237–273. Warszawa: Narodowe Centrum Kultury, 2013.
Nakatani, Ayami. „Dressing Miss World with Balinese Brocades: The «Fashionalization» and «Heritagization» of Handwoven Textiles in Indonesia”. Textile 1, 13 (2015): 30–49. DOI: 10.2752/175183515x14235680035700.
Nilsson, Per Åke. „Impact of Cultural Heritage on Tourists. The Heritagization Process”. Athens Journal of Tourism 1, 5 (2018): 35–54.
Park, Jin‑Kyung et al. „The Heritagization and Institutionalization of Taekkyeon: An Intangible Cultural Heritage”. The International Journal of the History of Sport 15–16, 35 (2018): 1555–1566. DOI: 10.1080/09523367.2019.1620734.
Rico, Trinidad. Constructing Destruction. Heritage Narratives in the Tsunami City. New York‑London: Routledge, 2016.
Rico, Trinidad. „Reclaiming post‑disaster narratives of loss in Indonesia”. International Journal of Heritage Studies 1, 26 (2020): 8–18. DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2018.1552612.
Sau‑Wa Mak, Veronica. „The heritagization of milk tea: cultural governance and placemaking in Hong Kong”. Asian Anthropology 1, 20 (2020): 30–46. DOI: 10.1080/1683478X.2020.1773616.
Smith, Laurajane. Uses of Heritage. New York: Routledge, 2006. Souchal, Francois. Wandalizm rewolucji, przeł. Paweł Migasiewicz. Warszawa: Biblioteka Kwartalnika Kronos, 2016.
Sterling, Colin. „Critical heritage and the posthumanities: problems and prospects”. International Journal of Heritage Studies 11, 26 (2020): 1029–1046. DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2020.1715464.
Stobiecka, Monika. „Kolonialny regionalizm. Problem tożsamości w zakopiańskiej architekturze”. Miejsce 4 (2020). http://miejsce.asp.waw.pl/kolonialny‑regionalizm/ (dostęp: 26.02.2021).
Stobiecka, Monika. „Styl zakopiański. Historia a współczesność”. Rzut 2 (2013): 42–48.
Stobiecka, Monika. „Witalność ruin. Nie‑ludzkie ożywanie w dobie antropocenu”. Przegląd Kulturoznawczy 4, 42 (2019): 435–449.
Walsh, Kevin. The Representation of the Past. Museums and Heritage in the Post‑modern World. London: Routledge, 1992.
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Authors and Affiliations

Monika Stobiecka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Wydział „Artes Liberales” Uniwersytet Warszawski
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Abstract

The “Wild East” – or: The 1990s in Guided City Tours in Central and Eastern Europe.
Using the example of recent English-language communism tours in Central and Eastern Europe, this article presents the transformation from communism to democracy as told in the international tourism industry. Young guides, being themselves “children of the transformation”, portray the 1990s as a strange time and period of “anything goes”. Along with various practices of (self-)exoticization, a fundamental paradox of such “alternative” city tours is discussed – namely, the fact that many guides articulate a critical view of how the economic transformation took place and openly criticize the excesses of global capitalism. At the same time, they are them-selves successful entrepreneurs in a niche of the tourism industry that makes its profit from interpreting precisely these contradictions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sabine Stach
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Abstract

“People are more important than such stuffy old papers. Maybe they have been around for ages, but they’ll just rot away someday anyway, and are of no use to anyone.”
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Authors and Affiliations

Anita Chodkowska
1

  1. PAS Archives in Warsaw
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Abstract

Utilizing cultural heritage in the process of urban regeneration of cities is becoming key principle that can guarantee creating sustainable spaces. Its role is accentuated even more nowadays with globalization processes exposing most parts of the world to similar influences. This research discusses the concept of urban regeneration as a comprehensive development approach and highlights the potential role of tangible, intangible and natural components of cultural heritage as leading actors in this approach. By studying the case of Bab Touma square, a historical urban square in Damascus, the research aims to set forth the importance of communicating those cultural elements as a mean to strengthening spatial identity and spatial attachment towards a space. The research adopts an analytical method and tracks the urban development phases of the square in order to define how they contributed to the change of the square’s image and identity, considering such urban spaces in the city with so many symbolic, cultural and historical values as generative points that could play a vital role in activating the process of urban regeneration of the city.
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Bibliography

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Alriz, A. (2006), Report of Traffic Management Project in old Damascus, Directorate of the Old City of Damascus.
Alsheikh, B. (2001), Old Damascus Gates — An Urban Study, Damascus University, Faculty of Architecture Archive for Master and PhD theses.
Alshihabi, Q. (1996), The Gates of Damascus and their Historical Events, Syrian Ministry of Culture publications.
Alpopi, C. Manole, C. (2013), ‘Integrated Urban Regeneration — Solution for Cities Revitalize’, International Economic Conference of Sibiu 2013 Post Crisis Economy: Challenges and Opportunities.
Al Basha, N. (2019), Spatial Identity as a Strategic Design Tool, The Case of Bab Touma Square in Damascus,
Syria, Szent István University, Faculty of Landscape Architecture and Urbanism Archive for Master and PhD theses, Budapest, Hungary.
Gražulevičiūtė, I. (2006), Cultural Heritage in the Context of Sustainable Development, Kaunas University of Technology.
James, P. (2015), Urban Sustainability in Theory and Practice — Circles of sustainability, Routledge.
Nocca, F. ‘The Role of Cultural Heritage in Sustainable Development: Multidimensional Indicators as Decision-Making Tool’, MDPI – Sustainability, 2017, 9, 1882; doi: 10.3390/su9101882.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nawarah Al Basha
ORCID: ORCID
Nebras Khadour
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences — MATE, Urban Planning and Garden Art, Institute of Landscape Architecture
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Abstract

In Nantes, the last shipyard closed in 1986 leaving the city in a desperate situation. The cranes, symbolizing the industrial activity, one by one stopped. Unemployment stroked. The question was between turning the page, tearing down the workshops and reinventing a new story or trying to preserve would appear to most of the population, a kind of modern bulky legacy. In the early 2000’s, the revitalization of Nantes’ former industrial area, led to developing a new way thinking. Instead of designing an urban map with major spots and rows of housing, A. Chemetoff thought better to draw an urban landscape where the past could mix with the future. The industrial heritage has been then preserved in two diff erent ways: construction halls have been reshaped preserving the original structure, everything should be reversed. The intangible heritage, meaning worker’s knowledge, has been reinvested in the cultural industry. This way, the image of the city, its brand, moved from industrial to cultural, attracting a new kind of business, mainly high-tech, students, in a new: “art de Vivre” (Art of living).

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Authors and Affiliations

Laurent Lescop
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Abstract

From 20th to 28th August 2022, the 26th ICOM General Conference took place in Prague. Its main theme was “The Power of Museums”. The conference was the product of a long discussion about defining the contemporary role of museums and their obligations to the past, present, and future. In the article titled: The Humans and their History in Museums. A few Reflections about the 26th ICOM General Conference in Prague the author discusses the course of proceedings and asks questions about the character and nature of the museum’s work in the field of history as an academic discipline. Some of the most important questions discussed in the paper include those on: museums’ aspirations in the field of sensual depiction of history; the relationship between the tangible and intangible heritage within museums’ method of work; the role of heritage interpretation as the basic tool of contact with the audience; and the urgent issue of neutrality and institutions’ engagement in the face of contemporary challenges. The source materials used in order to find answers to these questions are the legal acts about museums; the resolutions of the 1st Congress of Polish Museum Professionals (April 2015 in Łódź); and the definitions that constitute museums, both through legal acts on the state level and those passed by the International Council of Museums (ICOM).
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Niezabitowski
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Instytut Historii i Archiwistyki Uniwersytetu Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie Muzeum Krakowa
  2. Stowarzyszenie Muzealników Polskich
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Abstract

Modifications of garrisons cityscape in interwar period were conducted in various locations and various forms: from urban scale (urban compositions designed and supplemented), through architectural (new buildings) to details (monuments and objects of small architecture). The activities were deliberately contrasted with the existing structure and harmoniously composed in relation to new investments.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Gawryluk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Architecture and Town Planning
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Abstract

This paper presents the proposition of cartographic presentation of the movable cultural heritage on interactive map. The original solution on how to link movable monuments with geographical space as well as the different types of spatial reference were described. The text shows both: the way of presentation of single movable monuments and collections of historical objects. The proposed solutions were based on the assumption that the number of heritage resources shown on the map is huge and, what is more, they can keep growing. So, the proposed solution must be able to apply for a resource of indeterminate size. For the presentation of the movable heritage the traditional methods of cartographic presentation, as well as interactive technologies were applied.
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Authors and Affiliations

Albina Mościcka
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Abstract

In this work, simulation techniques have been implemented to study the sound fields of a multi-configurable performance enclosure by creating computer acoustic 3D-models for each room configuration. The digital models have been tuned by means of an iterative fitting procedure that uses the reverberation times measured on site for unoccupied conditions with the orchestra shell on the stage. The initial virtual acoustic model is validated by comparing the other monaural and binaural acoustic parameters measured in the room in terms of their perception differential threshold. The procedure is applied to the Maestranza Theatre of Seville, built for the Universal Exhibition in 1992. The spatial distribution of the acoustic parameters in the audience area of the venue by measured parameters and simulation mappings enables the establishment of three zones of acoustic comfort, and are corroborated by the values of the Ando-Beranek function which provide a global quality coefficient of each zone.

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Authors and Affiliations

Pedro Bustamante
Sara Girón
Teófilo Zamarreño
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Abstract

The paper presents the student project created during the course of Urban Regeneration implemented in the first semester of the second degree in architecture at the Lodz University of Technology. It is the author’s development of a functional and spatial concept for degraded post-industrial areas of the former Widzewska Manufaktura made by two students. Until now, post-industrial facilities in Lodz have been adapted mainly for service and housing needs. The authors wanted to show another possibility that falls under the stream of ecological thoughts. The article presents the possibility of adapting post-factory facilities to the function of a city farm and the positive aspects of such a solution.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Wójcik
1
Jarosław Striker
1
Magdalena Bednarkiewicz
2

  1. student Politechniki Łódzkiej I semestru II stopnia na kierunku Architektura, Politechnika Łódzka
  2. Politechnika Łódzka, Wydział Budownictwa, Architektury i Inżynierii Środowiska, Instytut Architektury i Urbanistyki, al. Politechniki 6, 90-924 Łódź
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Abstract

The revitalization of brownfi elds and post-industrial facilities is a long-term and multistage process. In the first stage of revitalization, it is important to assess the material, emotional and utilitarian value of the preserved cultural heritage. On the example of a revitalization project that has been ongoing since 1996, the former areas of the Gdańsk Shipyard, where the remains of the Imperial Shipyard and Schichau Shipyard are located, the process of formulating the value of the preserved cultural material heritage has been presented. The impact of this process on the subsequent stages of the revitalization of the Young City in Gdańsk was also presented. Gdańsk Shipyard is the cradle of Solidarity, so the emotional value associated with the events accompanying the creation of the Solidarity movement was considered to be the dominant one. Only two objects were entered in the register of monuments; BHP Hall and Solidarity Square (Plac Solidarności). When the Local Development Plan has been passed many investments have begun by various investors without comprehensive integrated activities. The demolition of the preserved halls and the dismantling of shipyard equipment began. This caused that in 2015 the uniqueness of the survived post-industrial complex, qualifying it for inclusion in the World Heritage list, was appreciated. In 2018, the Provincial Pomeranian Monument’s Conservator began the procedure of entry of the preserved objects to the register of monuments. This resulted in the suspension of all investments that commenced legally in the area covered by the proceedings. Lack of proper assessment of the cultural value of material heritage at the stage of preparing the revitalization process led to the loss of part of this heritage and caused increase of the investment activities risk in this area.

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Authors and Affiliations

Elżbieta Ratajczyk-Piątkowska
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Abstract

Skilful preservation of the cultural landscape on the basis of post-industrial facilities, including post-mining facilities and geoheritage objects, may contribute to a positive change in the functionality of abandoned or degraded sites. The article presents selected geological, geomorphological and anthropogenic objects in the vicinity of Mikołów (central part of the US CB, southern Poland). Their evaluation in the context of being the part of unique cultural landscape created by historical mining activities was carried out. The detailed geotourist valorisation of 4 selected geoheritage and mining heritage objects/sites was carried out in the scope of their current state, potential and the level of preparation for possible fulfilling the educational functions. The research outputs and valorization results presented in the article allowed to draw conclusions and formulate recommendations for the development of the analyzed geotourist objects and sites in terms of the implementation of the didactic process, characterised by specific requirements. A s a result of the performed valorization of the analyzed objects, from the point of view of the recipient (academic teacher), the best result was obtained by the Triassic limestone quarry in Mikołów Mokre, and the lowest moraine ridge in the Promna Valley. The obtained results also showed high visual and cognitive values of the objects, especially in terms of geodiversity, the dominant element and cultural connections, where the Mikołów quarry also showed the highest value. Low ratings of the utility and investment values of these objects result mainly from the state of preservation, the lack of tourist infrastructure and the lack of their promotion as an important part of the industrial and cultural heritage of the region.
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Bibliography


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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Marcisz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Gawor
1
ORCID: ORCID
Malwina Kobylańska
2

  1. Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
  2. Cuprum Ltd. Research & Development Centre, Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract

The text deals with the issue of “historical biography”. It aims to reconstruct the key concepts connected with the biographical publishing series “The Legacies of the progressive personalities of our past”. The text answers the question what conceptual framework surrounded and legitimised the edition.

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Authors and Affiliations

Vaclav Sixta
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Abstract

Every conservation works related to an ancient masonry structures should be preceded by an appropriate diagnostic. This should be understood as geometrical survey and various tests, which results with a proper analysis of the structure, identification of materials, technologies and techniques used during construction. The effective tool which could be used in this field is 3-D laser scanning. The digital image obtained as a result of scanning could be a proper base for a preservation programme, as well as help for creation of a precise digital models for a structural analysis. The examples of 3-D laser scanning application presented in the article are diagnostic works carried by the Division of Fundamentals of Building, Warsaw University of Technology, with the cooperation of Warsaw University, at the archaeological sites in Alexandria, Egypt and in Tanais, Rostov, Russia. Based on this works some most important advantages of laser scanning in identification, diagnostics and preservation of ancient architectural monuments was stated.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Terlikowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Martyna Gregoriou-Szczepaniak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ewa Sobczyńska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kacper Wasilewski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Amii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Biskupin is one of the most recognizable archaeological site in Poland and Central Europe. The origins of the excavations dates back to year 1934 and had lasted almost continuously until 1974. In the framework of the grant from the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage interdisciplinary team of scientists from Archaeological Museum in Biskupin and Warsaw University of Technology performed multi-dimensional analysis of the settlement. Based on the integrated vector documentation, resulting from the photographic documentation, numerical models of structural systems of main types of buildings and defensive rampart were prepared. The aim of the analysis was a verification of the earlier findings of archaeological and architectural researches. The analysis allowed to verify both the arrangement of individual parts of structure of buildings, their work and the interconnection, as well as the possible dimensions of the individual components.

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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Terlikowski
ORCID: ORCID
Martyna Gregoriou-Szczepaniak
ORCID: ORCID
Ewa Sobczyńska
ORCID: ORCID
Kacper Wasilewski
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The aim of this paper is to trace the links between Professor Wiktor Zin’s artistic work and activity and his hometown – Hrubieszów. The Professor’s message on the importance of documenting and protecting this heritage has not lost its relevance, especially today, when historical wooden buildings are being destroyed. The paper concludes that the place of birth was an important motif in Wiktor Zin’s artistic work and activity. In addition to his achievements in terms of publications and designs, the popularization of this key issue to a wider audience, which continues to this day, was of importance for the protection of the cultural heritage of Hrubieszów.
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Authors and Affiliations

Beata Elżbieta Makowska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Cracow University of Technology Faculty of Architecture
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Abstract

The subject of this review is the monograph of Professor Stefan Warchoł on the (pre)history of the Indo‑European peoples in the light of Slavic archaic vocabulary: appellativa and zoonymy (mainly names of cows), which occurs on the whole Slavic territory.
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Bibliography

Gołąb Z., 1992/2004, The origins of the Slavs. A linguist’s view, Columbus (idem, O pochodzeniu Słowian w świetle faktów językowych, tłum. M. Wojtyła-‑Świerzowska, Kraków 2004).
Lehr‑Spławiński T., 1946, O pochodzeniu i praojczyźnie Słowian, Poznań.
Moszyński K.,1957, Pierwotny zasięg języka prasłowiańskiego, Wrocław.
Renfrew C., 1987/2001, Archeology and language. The puzzle of Indo‑European origins, London (idem, Archeologia i język. Łamigłówka pochodzenia Indoeuropejczyków, tłum. E. Wilczyńska, A. Marciniak, Warszawa ; Poznań 2001).
Warchoł S., 1968, W sprawie genezy i funkcji sufiksu ‑ula w słowiańskich nazwach własnych i apelatywnych, „Z Polskich Studiów Slawistycznych”, seria 3: Językoznawstwo. Prace na VI Międzynarodowy Kongres Slawistów w Pradze (1968), Warszawa, s. 55–63.
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Warchoł S., 2020, Dzieje i pradzieje Indoeuropejczyków w świetle archaicznej leksyki i zoonimii ludowej, Lublin.
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Authors and Affiliations

Leszek Bednarczuk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny, Kraków
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Abstract

This article concerns church monuments, which are part of the cultural heritage of Dukla. This is a town with medieval origins, located within the Podkarpackie Voivodeship, in the Krosno district. In the past it was an important centre of commerce on the Hungarian Route. Merchant traditions in Dukla are mainly associated with trade and storage of wine, which was kept in the cellars under the main market square in Dukla. Because of the rank, which the town used to have in the past, it can boast numerous monuments including objects associated with the administrative, commercial and economic functions of the town, as well as — or perhaps primarily — sacred objects. Among the latter, one has to mention firstly the parish church of St Mary Magdalene, the church and monastery complex of the Bernardine Order, and the synagogue of the Jewish community, that once used to live in Dukla. Those objects, their cultural value and issues related to their protection constitute the subject of this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dominika Kuśnierz-Krupa
Joanna Figurska-Dudek
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Abstract

Cities in recent times suffer from deterioration, suburbanization and depopulation, although as the historically evolved townscapes, they bring economic, social and cultural assets. The reurbanization activates and renews the areas, which lost their functional and formal attractiveness and actuality. The public investments, which protect and capitalize the historical heritage of the cities are the main tool to implement this vector of development. This paper, on the example of analysis of selected group of public investments, which took place in a historic townscape of Szczecin, focuses on significance of the cultural and historical values and presents their catalytic effect on further city development.
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Authors and Affiliations

Eliza Sochacka-Sutkowska
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Abstract

At present, fortress greenery is a significant resource of urban greenery, composed for the purposes of concealing, defending, decorating and nourishing the former Kraków Fortress, based on the knowledge and experience of engineers at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, as well as the aesthetic principles of that era. The aim of this paper is to present conclusions formulated as part of a research project by the local municipality and university, concerning the proper interpretation of the masking greenery systems of the Kraków Fortress, and the definition of framework guidelines for the protection and shaping of green complexes. The development of the method of recording, valorizing and defining the rules of dealing with the green areas of the Kraków Fortress was based on the experience gained from searching for holistic methods of recording and valorizing the fortified landscape of the fortresses of Przemyśl, Zamość, Pula (Croatia) and Kotor (Montenegro). The development of rules for the conservation and legibility of system plantings may contribute to the effective protection of masonry and earth structures, as well as regaining landscape values and increasing the safety of visitors. In the preparation of the guidelines, general principles and detailed principles for selected, representative examples were developed (with an indication of the processes of change, development, possible use together with low-intervention zones).
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Authors and Affiliations

Jadwiga Środulska-Wielgus
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Wielgus
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture
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Abstract

This paper presents the attempts carried out at the start of the twentieth century by Austro-Hungarian Army specialists in camouflage painting. Consideration to the landscape features of the surroundings helped the army to protect the fortifications from enemy observation. Against the background of global and European trends, where the development of camouflage came only after the outbreak of the First World War, these experiments were innovative and pioneering. This topic is important because of the international and European context of the research and introducing practical issues for a proper approach to reconstructing and conserving historic fortifications. The research was conducted in Austria, Poland, Italy, Croatia, Montenegro, and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Previous studies of camouflage with paint in Austro-Hungarian fortifications are incidental and contributory, hence the need for a cross-sectional approach and practical recommendations. Inquiries, literature studies, analysis of available archival sources and the limited iconographic material, and field research were conducted. The results indicate that there was no general camouflage painting scheme in Austria-Hungary and each site was treated individually within its unique context.
The study aims to conclude how to properly read the relics of camouflage painting and preserve and protect this specific engineering heritage. It is also possible to formulate guidelines on the basis of the results. The restoration of such paintings for educational purposes might be a part of conservation work programs, and the more extensive revaluation of architecturae militaris monuments that has recently been taking place both in Poland and abroad.
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Authors and Affiliations

Filip Suchoń
1
ORCID: ORCID
Reinfrid Vergeiner
2

  1. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture
  2. Österreichische Gesellschaft für Festungsforschung
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Abstract

Stairways are one of the built elements of landscape architecture that shape the character of a space. Our research takes a closer look at the stairways of historical value in the environment of Buda Castle World Heritage Site. Firstly, through the production of sketches, the dominant spatial effects, views, focal points and motifs perceived during the use of the chosen stairways, were analysed. Secondly, an assessment matrix was formulated from criteria such as scale, materials, size, quality of adjacent green spaces, etc. Our aim is to underline and give evidence of the potential of stairways in influencing the open spaces and the views in historical urban environments.
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Authors and Affiliations

Máté Sárospataki
1
Brigitta Christian-Oláh
1
Patrícia Szabó
1

  1. Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science— MATE, Institute of Landscape Architecture, Urban Planning and Garden Art, Department of Garden Art and Landscape Design
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Abstract

The authenticity of the historical garden, as defined by the Florence Charter, is conducive to its broad interpretation. In the era of the present crisis of conservation values, the identification of criteria helpful in an objective assessment of the authenticity of both historical and historising forms of greenery is required.

On the example of the restoration’s solutions in the gardens at Wilanów and the condition of selected elements of the urban greenery in Warsaw, it is possible to verify the model of valorization of factors determining the vegetation’s authenticity proposed by the author of the article. This model also allows to emphasize the features determining the role of royal gardens in Wilanów in maintaining the historical horticultural values of modern Warsaw.

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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Przybylak
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Abstract

The article is devoted to an analysis of the suffixal and truncated suffixal variants of male Christian names in the Lutsk castle book of 1560‑1561(2013), and the identification of productive / unproductive formants in the composition of the researched names. The Polish academic I. Mytnik prepared a monograph Anthroponymy of Volynia of the 16th‑18th centuries (2010), using a wide source base – 58 manuscripts and 32 printed sources, but this 16th‑century Volyn literary heritage site did not serve as a basis for her study. Having studied the word‑formative derivatives of the male Christian names in the Lutsk castle book of 1560‑1561 we came to the conclusion that the most productive formants are ‑k(o) (67 variants) and ‑ets (40 variants); the suffixes ‑yna (10), ‑uk (9), ‑ash (6), ‑osh (4) show a slightly lower productivity. With the help of the suffixes ‑k(a), ‑yk, ‑ysh, ‑ut(a), ‑yts(a) 2 nominal variants are formed. Names with the formants ‑ok, ‑as, ‑ys, ‑os, ‑ay constitute single examples. The most commonly used names in Volyn documents from the middle of the 16th century were Yatsko / Ya(ts)ko (35 bearers), Fede(ts) / Khvede(ts) (22), Vasko / Va(s)ko (20), Hrytsko / Hry(ts)ko, Yvane(ts) (18), Le(v)ko (15), Andree(ts) / Andr± e(ts) (14), Yvashko / Yva(sh)ko, Matys (11), Mykhno, Tyshko / Ty(sh)ko, Fe(d)ko / Khve(d)ko (10). Among the truncated suffix name variants, the most productive form is ‑khno: it being attested in 9 names. While the most commonly used name is Mykhno (10 bearers).
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Authors and Affiliations

Lesya Yashchuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Oksana Lytvynchuk
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Ivan Franko Zhytomyr State University
  2. Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University

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