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Abstract

This paper proposes a novel method for digital image watermarking, in which watermarks are embedded in the domain of fast para-metric transforms based on known spread spectrum approaches. Fast parametric transforms have the ability to adapt the forms of base vectors, which enables automatic selection of the domain of watermarking in relation to the pair: a marked image – a watermarking attack. The process of adapting the forms of fast parametric transforms is carried out with aid of the classical genetic algorithm with the fitting function based on the known measure of separability of watermarks. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified experimentally on the basis of the images of two classes, i.e. natural images and technical diagrams. The results taking into account both the efficiency of watermark embedding and the generated distortions in the marked images are summarized in tables and accompanied by an appropriate commentary.

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Authors and Affiliations

P. Lipinski
D. Puchala
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Abstract

Super-resolution image reconstruction utilizes two algorithms, where one is for single-frame image reconstruction, and the other is for multi-frame image reconstruction. Singleframe image reconstruction generally takes the first degradation and is followed by reconstruction, which essentially creates a problem of insufficient characterization. Multi-frame images provide additional information for image reconstruction relative to single frame images due to the slight differences between sequential frames. However, the existing super-resolution algorithm for multi-frame images do not take advantage of this key factor, either because of loose structure and complexity, or because the individual frames are restored poorly. This paper proposes a new SR reconstruction algorithm for images using Multi-grained Cascade Forest. Multi-frame image reconstruction is processed sequentially. Firstly, the image registration algorithm uses a convolutional neural network to register low-resolution image sequences, and then the images are reconstructed after registration by the Multi-grained Cascade Forest reconstruction algorithm. Finally, the reconstructed images are fused. The optimal algorithm is selected for each step to get the most out of the details and tightly connect the internal logic of each sequential step. This novel approach proposed in this paper, in which the depth of the cascade forest is procedurally generated for recovered images, rather than being a constant. After training each layer, the recovered image is automatically evaluated, and new layers are constructed for training until an optimal restored image is obtained. Experiments show that this method improves the quality of image reconstruction while preserving the details of the image.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yaming Wang
Zhikang Luo
Wenqing Huang
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Abstract

Image segmentation is a typical operation in many image analysis and computer vision applications. However, hyperspectral image segmentation is a field which have not been fully investigated. In this study an analogue- digital image segmentation technique is presented. The system uses an acousto-optic tuneable filter, and a CCD camera to capture hyperspectral images that are stored in a digital grey scale format. The data set was built considering several objects with remarkable differences in the reflectance and brightness components. In addition, the work presents a semi-supervised segmentation technique to deal with the complex problem of hyperspectral image segmentation, with its corresponding quantitative and qualitative evaluation. Particularly, the developed acousto-optic system is capable to acquire 120 frames through the whole visible light spectrum. Moreover, the analysis of the spectral images of a given object enables its segmentation using a simple subtraction operation. Experimental results showed that it is possible to segment any region of interest with a good performance rate by using the proposed analogue-digital segmentation technique.

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Authors and Affiliations

César Isaza
Julio M. Mosquera
Gustavo A. Gómez-Méndez
Jonny P. Zavala-De Paz
Ely Karina-Anaya
José A. Rizzo-Sierra
Omar Palillero-Sandoval
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Abstract

Contemporary biographical fictions in France: between narrative and visual – This paper discusses an evolution of point of view on biographical fictions from 90’ to the present, due to the important increase of literary practices exploring images and their role in the constitution of the biographical discourse. The relation between fiction and reality presented from the point of view of Paul Ricoeur’s ‘narrative identity’ in first approaches of biographical fictions is now substituted by the reflection about the relation between narrative and visual which discloses, particularly in the case of biographical portraits of writers, the commemorative aspects of a literary text.
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Thiel-Jańczuk
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Abstract

The water’s edge is the most iconic and identifiable image related to the city of Durban and in seeking an ‘authenticity’ that typifies the built fabric of the city, the image that this place creates is arguably the answer. Since its formal establishment as a settlement in 1824, this edge has been a primary element in the urban fabric. Development of the space has been fairly incremental over the last two centuries, starting with colonial infl uenced built interventions, but much of what is there currently stems from the 1930’s onwards, leading to a Modernist and later Contemporary sense of place that is moderated by regionalist infl uences, lending itself to creating a somewhat contextually relevant image. This ‘international yet local’ sense of place is however under threat from the increasingly prominent ‘global’ image of a-contextual glass high-rise towers placed along a non-descript public realm typical of global capital interests that is a hallmark of the turnkey project trends by developers from the East currently sweeping the African continent.

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Authors and Affiliations

Louis Du Plessis
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Abstract

Evaluating the image quality is a very important problem in image and video processing. Numerous methods have been proposed over the past years to automatically evaluate the quality of images in agreement with human quality judgments. The purpose of this work is to present subjective and objective quality assessment methods and their classification. Eleven widely used and recommended by International Telecommunication Union (ITU) subjective methods are compared and described. Thirteen objective method is briefly presented (including MSE, MD, PCC, EPSNR, SSIM, MS-SSIM, FSIM, MAD, VSNR, VQM, NQM, DM, and 3D-GSM). Furthermore the list of widely used subjective quality data set is provided.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Opozda
Arkadiusz Sochan
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Abstract

Thermal imagers often work in extreme conditions but are typically tested under laboratory conditions. This paper presents the concept, design rules, experimental verification, and example applications of a new system able to carry out measurements of performance parameters of thermal imagers working under precisely simulated real working conditions. High accuracy of simulation has been achieved by enabling regulation of two critical parameters that define working conditions of thermal imagers: imager ambient temperature and background temperature of target of interest. The use of the new test system in the evaluation process of surveillance thermal imagers can bring about a revolution in thermal imaging metrology by allowing thermal imagers to be evaluated under simulated, real working conditions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Chrzanowski
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1.   Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
  2. INFRAMET, Bugaj 29a, Koczargi Nowe, 05-082 Stare Babice, Poland
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Abstract

Thermal-imaging systems respond to infrared radiation that is naturally emitted by objects. Various multispectral and hyperspectral devices are available for measuring radiation in discrete sub-bands and thus enable a detection of differences in a spectral emissivity or transmission. For example, such devices can be used to detect hazardous gases. However, their operation principle is based on the fact that radiation is considered a scalar property. Consequently, all the radiation vector properties, such as polarization, are neglected. Analysing radiation in terms of the polarization state and the spatial distribution of thereof across a scene can provide additional information regarding the imaged objects. Various methods can be used to extract polarimetric information from an observed scene. We briefly review architectures of polarimetric imagers used in different wavebands. First, the state-of-the-art polarimeters are presented, and, then, a classification of polarimetric-measurement devices is described in detail. Additionally, the data processing in Stokes polarimeters is given. Emphasis is laid on the methods for obtaining the Stokes parameters. Some predictions in terms of LWIR polarimeters are presented in the conclusion.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Bieszczad
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sławomir Gogler
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Świderski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 gen. S. Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

For brain tumour treatment plans, the diagnoses and predictions made by medical doctors and radiologists are dependent on medical imaging. Obtaining clinically meaningful information from various imaging modalities such as computerized tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance (MR) scans are the core methods in software and advanced screening utilized by radiologists. In this paper, a universal and complex framework for two parts of the dose control process – tumours detection and tumours area segmentation from medical images is introduced. The framework formed the implementation of methods to detect glioma tumour from CT and PET scans. Two deep learning pre-trained models: VGG19 and VGG19-BN were investigated and utilized to fuse CT and PET examinations results. Mask R-CNN (region-based convolutional neural network) was used for tumour detection – output of the model is bounding box coordinates for each object in the image – tumour. U-Net was used to perform semantic segmentation – segment malignant cells and tumour area. Transfer learning technique was used to increase the accuracy of models while having a limited collection of the dataset. Data augmentation methods were applied to generate and increase the number of training samples. The implemented framework can be utilized for other use-cases that combine object detection and area segmentation from grayscale and RGB images, especially to shape computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) and computer-aided detection (CADe) systems in the healthcare industry to facilitate and assist doctors and medical care providers.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Estera Kot
1
Zuzanna Krawczyk
1
Krzysztof Siwek
1
Leszek Królicki
2
Piotr Czwarnowski
2

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Medical University of Warsaw, Nuclear Medicine Department, ul. Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

This paper takes a look at the state-of-the-art solutions in the field of spectral imaging systems by way of application examples. It is based on a comparison of currently used systems and the challenges they face, especially in the field of high-altitude imaging and satellite imaging, are discussed. Based on our own experience, an example of hyperspectral data processing is presented. The article also discusses how modern algorithms can help in understanding the data that such images can provide.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jędrzej Kowalewski
1 2
Jarosław Domaradzki
2
Michał Zięba
1
Mikołaj Podgórski
1 2

  1. Scanway, Dunska 9, 54-427 Wrocław, Poland
  2. Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems,Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract

In Nantes, the last shipyard closed in 1986 leaving the city in a desperate situation. The cranes, symbolizing the industrial activity, one by one stopped. Unemployment stroked. The question was between turning the page, tearing down the workshops and reinventing a new story or trying to preserve would appear to most of the population, a kind of modern bulky legacy. In the early 2000’s, the revitalization of Nantes’ former industrial area, led to developing a new way thinking. Instead of designing an urban map with major spots and rows of housing, A. Chemetoff thought better to draw an urban landscape where the past could mix with the future. The industrial heritage has been then preserved in two diff erent ways: construction halls have been reshaped preserving the original structure, everything should be reversed. The intangible heritage, meaning worker’s knowledge, has been reinvested in the cultural industry. This way, the image of the city, its brand, moved from industrial to cultural, attracting a new kind of business, mainly high-tech, students, in a new: “art de Vivre” (Art of living).

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Authors and Affiliations

Laurent Lescop
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Abstract

The aim of the article is to assess the current image of Poland as a tourist destination from the point of view of the Russians. To achieve the assumed goals, surveys were carried out. Basic statistical indicators such as mean, standard deviation, Pearson similarity index and graphic methods were also used in the study. Russian citizens did not perceive fully Poland as a country attractive for tourists both for themselves and for other European tourists. Their opinion in this regard was more critical than representatives of other nations.

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Authors and Affiliations

Wioletta Kamińska
Mirosław Mularczyk
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Abstract

The authors report the characteristics of a diffraction-grating-free mid-wavelength infrared InP/In0.85Ga0.15As quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane array with a 640 × 512 format and a 15 m pitch. Combination of a normal incident radiation sensing ability of the high-x InxGa1-xAs quantum wells with a large gain property of the InP barriers led to a diffraction-grating-free quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane array with characteristics displaying great promise to keep the status of the quantum well infrared photodetector as a robust member of the new generation thermal imaging sensor family. The focal plane array exhibited excellent uniformity with noise equivalent temperature difference nonuniformity as low as 10% and a mean noise equivalent temperature difference below 20 mK with f/2 optics at 78 K in the absence of grating. Elimination of the diffraction-grating and large enough conversion efficiency (as high as 70% at a −3.5 V bias voltage) abolish the bottlenecks of the quantum well infrared photodetector technology for the new generation very small-pitch focal plane arrays.
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Authors and Affiliations

Cengiz Besikci
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Saadettin V. Balcı
1
ORCID: ORCID
Onur Tanış
2
Oğuz O. Güngör
2
ORCID: ORCID
Esra S. Arpaguş
2

  1. Micro and Nanotechnology Program, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Dumlupınar Bulvarı 1, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
  2. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, Dumlupınar Bulvarı 1, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract

Words and images of the Republic: Italian political propaganda (1946–1948) – The article intends to highlight how the transition from monarchy to republic represents a significant boundary in Italian history not only from the institutional point of view but also from that of national political propaganda, in which words and images – the expression of a harsh ideological confrontation – contributed to the building of a national collective memory of which there are still evident and rooted traces in current political confrontation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Fabio Caffarena
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The paper refers to the specific functional area, which identity was primarily based on the relationship with water – in major port cities, as well as related smaller settlemets. It discribes the phenomenon of using and reinterpreting the potential of a rich hydrographic network for constructing the contemporary spatial identity after the violent events of the 20th century. The case studies cited are differentiated due to the specifi city of the activities and the purpose of its implementation.

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Anna Golędzinowska
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Abstract

Landscape is an object of perception, while its image is the sum of ideas on this object. Both terms used in the title of the paper have fairly strong impact on each other. In order to manage the city’s image well, it is necessary to take care of the landscape in all its areas especially in the “forgotten” and degraded ones. The aim of the author was to identify elements of landscape exposure along railway lines – areas with low aesthetic value in many cities around the world. The research area includes railway lines, in Cracow and Wrocław. The method adopted for the implementation of the study is the analysis of mental maps made in 2018 during field workshops. The paper is ended by conclusions on the landscape impact on the image of the city.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Węgrzynowicz
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Abstract

Modern cities are increasingly promoting their own individual brands to gain a competitive advantage. 28 Polish cities, after joining the Cittaslow international network of cities, can additionally use their native brand in their activities. The aim of the author was to answer the question: should cities only use an individual brand, or maybe they can support these activities with a common brand strategy. The growth of interest in individual brands of 28 cities belonging to the Cittaslow network has been evaluated, also their popularity, popularity of the native brand on the Facebook, and the use of the Cittaslow brand by cities on their websites were analysed. It was noticed that not all cities use the Cittaslow logo. But most cities in Cittaslow publish a link to the network and brand information on their websites. The native brand Cittaslow is in Poland at the positioning stage but probably its popularity will grow as the benefits from using it begin to be noticed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Stanowicka
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate four sources of implied motion in static images (a moving object as the source of implied motion, hand movements of the image creator as the source of implied motion, past experiences of the observer as the source of implied motion, and fictive movement of a point across an image as the source of implied motion). In the experiment of the study, participants orally described 16 static images that appeared on the screen of a computer. The aim was to find whether participants had used any motion-related word to describe each image. It was assumed that using motion-related words to describe a static image was an indication that the image had created a sense of motion for the observer. These results indicated that all four types of implied motion could create a significant sense of motion for the observer. Based on these results, it is suggested that observing these images could lead to simulating the actions involved in those motion events and the activation of the motor system. Finally, it is proposed that the three characteristics of being rule-based (clearly-defined), continuous, and gradual are critical in perceiving that image as a fictive motion.
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Authors and Affiliations

Omid Khatin-Zadeh
1

  1. School of Foreign Languages, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Abstract

The domain of motion events is widely used to metaphorically describe abstract concepts, particularly emotional states. Why motion events are effective for describing abstract concepts is the question that this article intends to answer. In the literature of the field, several reasons have been suggested to be behind the suitability of motion events for describing these concepts, such as high concreteness of motion events, their high imageability, and the ability of comprehender to simultaneously imagine components of motion events. This article suggests that motion events are particularly effective for metaphorical description of those domains which have the feature of dynamic change over a period of time. This is particularly the case with emotional states. Since changes in emotions take place throughout a period of time, they could best be described by motion events which have the same feature. In other words, the continuous change in emotions is understood in terms of continuous change in the location of a moving object in the 3D space. Based on the arguments of embodied theories of cognition, it would be no surprise to see the involvement of similar areas of the brain in understanding emotions and motions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Omid Khatin-Zadeh
Zahra Eskandari
Sedigheh Vahdat
Hassan Banaruee
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Abstract

The image analysis consists in extracting from the information which is available to the observer of the part that is important from the perspective of the investigated process. This process usually accompanies a considerable reduction in the amount of information from the image. In the field of two-phase flows, computer image analysis can be used to determine flow and geometric parameters of flow patterns. This article presents the possibilities of using this method to determine the void fraction, vapor quality, bubble velocity and the geometric dimensions of flow patterns. The use of computer image analysis methods is illustrated by the example of HFE 7100 refrigerant methoxynonafluorobutane condensation in a glass tubular minichannel. The high speed video camera was used for the study, and the films and individual frames received during the study were analyzed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Sikora
Tadeusz Bohdal

Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Karwat
1

  1. Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

The poetic system of calendar and ritual folklore is especially characterized by parallelism, which is a stylistic device based on the homogeneous syntactic structure of two or more adjacent language units, mainly text lines, which seem to be symmetric. Parallelism is often supported with an expressive comparison of the ideas which can be called “psychological parallelism” – between the life of nature and fragments of a human life. This helps create the parallel “world of nature” and the “world of a person”. Parallelisms in ritual folklore works make the poetic images of characters, their actions, thoughts and feelings more expressive. Quite often the object and the subject of the action are compared based on the category of movement. Lexical and semantic and syntactic structures in calendar and ritual songs are based on associative and semantic relations as a form of systemic coordination and regularity of folklore thinking and are built upon a similarity of action. The majority of them are related to matrimonial motives. The article also focuses on negative parallelisms. Similar to comparisons, they were first used to specify the essence of the phenomena and only later became the means for any emotional colouring of the main images.
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Authors and Affiliations

Галина Коваль
1

  1. Львів, Інститут народознавства НАН України
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Abstract

The article represents research into poetry written during the Revolution of Dignity (2014). Such artistic texts are analyzed as a kind of phenomenon of contemporary literature. These are the poems of famous authors or even amateurs, united by a common sacred code. They appeal to the patterns and archetypes of the collective consciousness of Ukrainians. In the poetry of Euromaidan the researcher underlines two types of sacralization, which can be conditionally called masculine and feminine (paternal and maternal). The masculine type of this process realizes a symbolic projection of the figure of Jesus Christ. This symbol emphasizes the determination of the act, active attitude, the idea of fighting for the truth, as well as the willingness to sacrifice their own lives for the common good. The feminine version of the proces of sacralization is the Virgin Mary. This image appeals not to the heroic act, but to its emotional reflection, more specifically – the suffering, pain, traumatic experience of the victim. It corresponds to the archetypal image of the Mother of God, the Suffering Mother, who sacrifices her own son to death and cries for him later. The embodiment of the Christian sacrum in the poetry of the Maidan testifies to the fidelity to both European and Ukrainian traditions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Poliszczuk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
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Abstract

The paper focuses on Osip Mandelstam's Tristia cycle of poems, who proceeded to express the condition of a wronged person in the form of a lament, regret. The key principle of a poetic lament consisted in a contrast, which is why the authors of elegies opted for adopting a linear order, placing the consolatio as the final sequence. Mandelstam puts this linearity into question as an advocate of Bergson's notion of discontinuity of time, allowing to perceive a diversity of phenomena in their systemic manifestations as totally discrete, and yet – also in their wholeness. The linkage between the poet’s output and the philosophy of death, as revealed in Tristia, does not eliminate the notion of consolation, which reflects well Mandelstam's project of creating the language of joy, his vision of the world as a cultural whole, or his pet project of “universal domestication”. This is meant to shift attention to the so-called “things”, that may offer comfort derived from within the very act of experiencing beauty in its sensual dimension. The notion of gentleness is also essential, as it may well offer consolation as an indispensable component of being.

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Authors and Affiliations

Barbara Stawarz

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