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Number of results: 7
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Abstract

This article presents discoveries of new types of coins that can be assigned to the oldest Polish coinage. In case of the PRINCES POLONIE die-chain, it was possible to identify one new die, in an extremely barbaric style, which once again shows that there is no uniform style to the oldest Polish coins and that there was chaos in Bolesław I the Brave’s coinage. In the case of the second – .VIDV die-chain as many as seven new dies have been revealed. Detailed analysis shows that the coins produced with these dies were not necessarily produced at the same time, and that production could have lasted up to several years. The newly revealed dies do not solve the problem of the attribution of denarii with the .VIDV inscription, but their ascription to the coinage of Bolesław I the Brave or Mieszko II is very likely.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mateusz Bogucki
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Solidarności 105, PL 00–140 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

One of the oldest ways of showing the practical realization of a call to holiness is the imitation of Christ. In the past this idea, with additional role models included, was also used in the moral theological refection on human development and sanctifcation. However, those attempts found it diffcult to defne the subject of imitation as well as imitation itself. Also today, with some reservations, the idea of imitation can be used for a methodical presentation of the Christian vocation to holiness and of concrete ways how this vocation can be realized. When taken together with the biblical category of the vocation and of the gift, this idea allows to present Christian moral life in a synthetic way and can be the reference point for specifc moral obligations. However, when using the category of imitation in the correct presentation of a call to holiness, correct terms are needed as well as an understanding of the vocation as found in Revelation and in particular and modern behavioural sciences. Such a presentation would emphasize important features of Christian morality, especially its religious, personalistic and social character, and would manifest misconceptions of both extreme autonomy and extreme heteronomy.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ks. Tadeusz Zadykowicz
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Abstract

Previous research showed that children can exhibit preferences for social categories already at preschool age. One of the crucial factors in the development of children’s attitudes toward others is children’s observation and imitation of adults’ nonverbal messages. The aim of our study is to examine whether children’s tendency to perceive and follow nonverbally expressed attitudes toward other people is related to ingroup bias, i.e. the tendency to favor one’s own group over other groups. We examined 175 preschool children (age in months: 61–87; M = 72.6, SD = 6.53) presenting them with a video of a conversation between a message sender and a message recipient. The study was conducted in a minimal group paradigm. We found that children accurately identified the message sender’s attitude toward the recipient and also generalized this attitude to other members of the new group. We also found explicit ingroup bias among children from the message sender’s group. However, no generalization of the sender’s attitude to other ingroup members was found. The results are discussed in reference to previous findings on the role of imitation of adult’s non-verbal behavior for the development of social attitudes among children.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Jurasińska
Marcin Bukowski
Marta Białecka-Pikul
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Abstract

What were the beginnings of modern communication infrastructure? What is ’artificial intelli-gence’ and what it imitates in ’natural intelli-gence’? Does its accuracy, reliability and objectivity make AI the journalists’ friend or is it in fact an enemy due to the ongoing automation of editori-al and publishing work? This two-part introduction to the problem of AI in journalism discusses all those questions and the hopes and fears that are connected with the new technology
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Bibliography

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Effros M., Poor H.V., Claude Shannon: His Work and Its Legacy, Published with the permission of the EMS Newsletter: reprinted from N°103 (March 2017).
Fischer B., Autorskoprawne konteksty sztucznej inteligencji, [w:] Internet. Cyberpandemia, red. A. Gryszczyńska, G. Szpor, Warszawa 2020.
Fischer B., Piskorz‑Ryń A., Artificial intelligence in the context of data governance, “International Review of Law, Computers & Technology” 2021, vol. 35.
Gardner H., Multiple Intelligences: New Horizons in Theory and Practice, New York 2006.
Grzelańczyk P., Systemy eksperckie w diagnostyce środków transportu, „Logistyka” 2012, nr 3.
Kaplan A., Haenlein M., Siri, Siri, in my hand: Who’s the fairest in the land? On the interpretations, illustrations, and implications of artificial intelligence, “Business Horizons” 2019, no. 62 (1).
Kiełtyka L., Wykorzystanie systemów eksperckich w zarządzaniu wiedzą, „Organizacja i Zarządzanie” 2013, nr 53.
Kobie N., Reuters is taking a big gamble on AI‑supported journalism, https://www.wired.co.uk/article/reuters‑artificial‑intelligence‑journalism‑newsroom‑ai‑lynx‑insight [dostęp: 1.08.2021].
Mainzer K, Künstliche Intelligenz — Wann übernehmen die Maschinen?, DOI 10.1007/978‑3‑662‑48453‑1, Berlin – Heidelberg 2016.
Micklethwait J., The future of news https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018‑05-03/john‑micklethwait‑the‑future‑of‑news [dostęp: 2.08.2021].
Peiser J., The rise of the robot reporter, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/05/business/media/artificial‑intelligence‑journalism‑robots.html
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Zalatimo S., Entering the next century with a new Forbes experience, https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesproductgroup/2018/07/11/entering‑the‑next‑century‑with‑a‑new‑forbes-‑experience/?sh=7eaf0ac83bf4 [dostęp: 2.08.2021].
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Authors and Affiliations

Bogdan Fischer
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Instytut Prawa i Ekonomii Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. KEN ul. Podchorążych 2, PL 30-084 Kraków
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Abstract

This article focuses on two early medieval imitative coins found in Bohemia (one in the vicinity of Hradec Králové / Königgrätz in 1931; the other in Prague–Klánovice in 2016). The coins were probably struck in 1010–1015, and on the obverse imitate the Saxon denarii of the Otto-Adelheid type with the letters O-D-D-O in the arms of the cross. On the reverse, there is a church with the letters •VIDV, imitating Bavarian or Bohemian denarii from the second half of the 10th century. The location of most of the finds of these denarii in central Europe, including both coins found in Bohemia, indicates their Polish origin. Nevertheless, their issuer remains uncertain.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jiří Lukas
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Abstract

The starting point for this text was the publication of a coin, assigned to Bolesław I the Brave (992–1025), Prince of Poland, with the name BOLEZLAV and a two-side representation of a chapel (Grossmanová, Matejko-Peterka, Kašparová 2018; Fig. 4). It is currently stored in the Moravian Museum in Brno. This coin has been known in the literature since the mid-19th century (Cappe 1850). Former researchers assigned it either to Boleslav III in the Bohemia (Cappe 1850; Hanka 1856) or to Bolesław I the Brave in Poland (Stronczyński 1884; Fiala 1895; Gumowski 1939). Newer researchers ignored it completely, suspecting that it was some kind of imitation or contemporary falsification. However, its authenticity is supported by the fact that it was originally in the collection of H. Dannenberg. Finally, the matter was decided by the publication in the auction catalogue (Warszawskie Centrum Numizmatyczne, Auction no. 67, item 132) of a coin minted on one side with the same die as the coin from Brno (Fig. 5). This allows us to postulate the existence of a new fourth die-chain in the coinage of Bolesław I the Brave (Fig. 6).
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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Suchodolski
1

  1. em., Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Solidarności 105, PL 00–140 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

An essay comparing Jan Kochanowski’s epigram Do Anny simultaneously with Sappho’s famous fr. 31 Voigt, which is preserved in Pseudo-Longinus’ De sublimitate, and Catullus 51 ( Ille mi par esse). An attempt is made to ascertain the exact debt of Kochanowski’s epigram to both poems.
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Authors and Affiliations

Juliusz Domański
1

  1. Instytut Filologii Klasycznej, Uniwersytet Warszawski

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