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Abstract

The paper describes second order generalized integrator (sogi) which is specialized in band-pass filtering and orthogonalization of periodic signals. Modifications of the structure and the influence of parameters on the system performance is described. The article highlights the particular importance of model discretization method in the practical implementation, as well as reviews estimation methods of the: amplitude, frequency, offset and phase angle of the periodic signal. Examples of simulation and experimental results are presented.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kamil Możdżyński
Krzysztof Rafał
Małgorzata Bobrowska-Rafał
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Abstract

In modern digital world, there is a strong demand for efficient data streams processing methods. One of application areas is cybersecurity — IPsec is a suite of protocols that adds security to communication at the IP level. This paper presents principles of high-performance FPGA architecture for data streams processing on example of IPsec gateway implementation. Efficiency of the proposed solution allows to use it in networks with data rates of several Gbit/s.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mateusz Korona
Krzysztof Skowron
Mateusz Trzepiński
Mariusz Rawski
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Abstract

Lean Green is a concept which is implemented as a part of the sustainable development strategy, share allowing for reduction of the company’s costs related to, on the one hand, efficient use of energy factors and on the other optimum use of production factors aimed at minimisation of wastefulness, in particular in the area of post-production waste and pollution. The purpose of the article is to identify the determinants, internal stimuli and to specify the force with which they affect the implementation of the Lean Green concept in companies on various continents: America, Asia and Europe. For the purpose of better recognition of the examined problem, analysis of results of studies was made in consideration of the following criteria: country where a given company operates and share of persons outside the company in the process of implementation of this concept. In article uses the one-way ANOVA methodology, the Shapiro Wilk and Levene tests and the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test. Hitherto studies have confirmed that the determinants are regional, which indicates the necessity of directional studies.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nicoletta Baskiewicz
Claudiu Barbu
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Abstract

The article discusses selected issues related to the process of creating a document, Strategy Warsaw 2030, adopted in May 2018. The construction of the strategy lasted almost two years and was characterized by high social involvement. The experience that Warsaw can share with other cities and municipalities clearly shows that creating documents in a participatory manner is the most possible and gives many opportunities to create synergies. At the same time, the scope of changes that the document specifi es in the context of its implementation, orders careful observation of the actions of the city authorities in the future. The article focuses primarily on the following issues: the period in which the strategy should be updated, the city’s relations with its surroundings, the strategic team, socialization and fi nally the implementation of the strategy.

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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Dziemianowicz
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Abstract

One of the key factors of a competitive economy is creating a strong, internationally competitive SME sector. This essay is based on the fact that management tools used in the SME sector are insufficient. With the development of these tools, the competitiveness of companies could improve. According to the literature, using lean thinking has a positive influence on the company’s effectiveness, and also proved that lean approach can be successfully extended out of the car industry, into the limitedly resourced SME sector, too. Even though the topic of lean manufacturing is analysed by many studies, there is a lack of papers dealing with its usage in the SME sector. The originality of this paper lies in analysing the current status of using lean manufacturing practices among the Hungarian SMEs operating in the manufacturing industry. The paper includes an examination about how deeply the elements of lean thinking are present in the Hungarian SME sector, how large the development reserves are, and whether there is a difference between the usage of lean practices. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. SMEs’ representatives, mostly CEOs and managers from the Hungarian manufacturing industry participated in the survey. The sample contained 128 observations. The study has two control variables, which are the size of the company and the relation to the lean management. The survey brought the following results. First of all, it shows that the level of using lean is low among the Hungarian SMEs. Furthermore, customer orientation is a key factor in the sector, however, there are considerable possibilities for progress by the inner processes and the handling and involvement of the suppliers. Firstly, a good basis to increase the effectiveness could be the creation of thinking in processes influencing the supply chain. Secondly, the development of the leadership and the involvement of the employees at some level are also significant. Key findings is that without state incitement and the involvement of outside experts, progress cannot be expected to spread on a broad scope. The background of the research method was created to fit the available literature and to capable to be used in other countries, too. Moreover, this way the available information can be expanded with a regional dimension, in case further studies are going to be made.
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Authors and Affiliations

Laszló Koloszar
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Abstract

Given the importance of renewable energy as it provides alternative energy sources over the traditional fossil fuel that is environmentally friendly, clean and renewable, this research aims to explore scholarly articles and books that present and investigate the challenges and barriers facing the implementation of renewable energy sources in Libya where the social, cultural, financial and awareness aspects are an important consideration against renewable energy. This study contains a review of all relevant, peer-reviewed, and published articles from journals, websites, books, conference proceedings and bulletins. An extensive literature review was carried out with the aim of researching renewable energy in Libya. This was done to take a realistic perspective of the community and the knowledge services accessible. The review of literature has shown that further renewables energy research remains necessary as the current conditions of the energy sector in Libya need to be examined to understand the challenges and difficulties to introduce renewable energy within competent authorities and businesses are examined in accordance with their managers. This indicates the need to conduct various studies in Libya to explore the various challenges, mostly financial and technological, that face the purposeful implementation of renewable energy resources in Libya. Additionally, the level of awareness and culture perception of the use of renewable energy is an important aspect to be considered as reported as barriers affecting the implementation of renewable energy in various parts of the world.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mussa Mohamed Bahour
1
ORCID: ORCID
M.F.M. Alkbir
2
Fatihhi Januddi
2
Adnan Bakri
2

  1. Business School, University Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  2. Advance Facilities Engineering Technology Research Cluster (AFET-RC); Facilities Maintenance Engineering Section (FAME), Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL MITEC), Persiaran Sinaran Ilmu, Bandar Seri Alam, 81750, Johor, Malaysia
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Abstract

Health psychology was founded as a response to social needs for better understanding and regulation of psychological aspects of biological, mental, and social well-being. Despite initial enthusiasm and optimism in its early days, three decades of development yielded results that are disappointing to many scholars in terms of health psychology practical meaning. Thus, in this paper we review several challenges for health psychology. We believe that health psychology might benefit from revival of aims and values that distinguished the discipline at its onset such as bio-psycho-social perspective that has been narrowed to somatic illness in recent days. Second, more integration is needed in theory and terminology to eliminate overlapping concepts labeled with different names. Furthermore, social practice would benefit from greater responsiveness of health psychologists to new technologies. Finally, health psychology is likely to derive benefits from more general well-established perspectives on diffusion of innovation in social practice. We conclude that health psychology as a practice-related scientific discipline is likely to regain its initial momentum once these problems are solved and novel areas of scientific exploration are identified.

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Authors and Affiliations

Helena Sęk
Łukasz D. Kaczmarek
Michał Ziarko
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Abstract

The rapid development of digital technologies have created unprecedented opportunities for the industrial world. Enterprises, especially small and medium sized companies, struggle to successfully implement these technologies, and there is scant literature to support this endeavor. The authors hypothesize that ERP (Enterprise Resource Management) implementation, being a mature field, can guide digital technology implementation, taking into considerations the similarities. A systematic literature review was conducted to determine the critical success factors (CSF) of ERP implementation in SMEs that were used to derive guidelines for digital technology implementation case study. The results of the case study is another list of CSF that more correctly mirror the digital technology implementation needs. They are: “digitalization strategic plan”; “project sponsor/leader”; “commitment to the workplace”; “involvement of top management”; “reasonable project scope”; “compatibility with existing processes/systems”; “progressing with small steps”; “use of correct competencies”; and “involving the users”.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dan Palade
1
ORCID: ORCID
Charles Møller
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Denmark
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Abstract

The research is devoted to the organization of the energy policy objectives implementation

through programs. A country’s energy policy can be monitored in many ways. The article proposes

to consider the implementation of energy policy objectives with the budget programs maintenance

on the example of Ukraine. Budget programs make it possible to trace the dynamics of changes in

the aim and directions of the authorities’ energy policy, implemented for budgetary funds. With the

budget programs since 2002 in Ukraine, it was possible to trace the increase in spending on the coal

industry, highlight the funding forced of negative consequences in the energy sector and separate

the steps to develop an energy strategy. Changes in the totality of energy policy budget programs

are shown, their contents are considered. The decrease in the budget programs number associated

both with the enlargement of their aim and with the withdrawal expenses for reconstruction and

social protection of those affected by the previous energy activities from the budget funding. To

assess budget programs planning and implementation uniformity the author’s integrated indicator is

proposed. It takes the funding level and the quality indicator implementation on assignment directions

into account. The calculation of the indicator showed that the expenditures for the general

management of the energy policy and for scientific development are planned in the programs more

evenly than the expenses for the energy strategy implementation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tetiana Zhyber
Tetiana Solopenko
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Abstract

In this work, the support of two general galleries located in poor quality rock mass and subjected to the influence of high thickness coal layer exploitations is designed and optimized. The process is carried out in four phases:

A first preliminary support is defined employing different geomechanical classifications and applying the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) using bolts and shotcrete.

An instrumentation campaign is carried out with the goal of analysing the behaviour of the support. The study noticed the failure of the support due to the time of placement of the different elements.

A back-analysis using the Flac and Phases software has allowed the evaluation of the properties of the rock mass and the support, the study of the influence of the time of placement on the component elements (bolts and shotcrete), and the redefinition of that support.

Subsequently, a new support is designed and optimized through numerical modeling after the start of mining without experience in these sizes of sublevel caving that caused the failure of the previously designed support. The new support is formed by yieldable steel arches that are more suitable to withstand the stresses generated by nearby mining work.

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Authors and Affiliations

Daniel Vázquez-Silva
Maria-Belen Prendes-Gero
Martina-Inmaculada Álvarez-Fernández
Celestino González-Nicieza
Carlos Laín-Huerta
Fernando López-Gayarre
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Abstract

In the past it was usual to exert a huge effort in the design, simulation, and the real time implementation of the complicated electronic and communication systems, like GNSS receivers. The complexity of the system algorithms combined with the complexity of the available tools created a system that is difficult to track down for debugging or for redesign. So, the simulation and educational tools was different from the prototyping tools. In this paper the parallel search acquisition phase of a GPS receiver was simulated and implemented on FPGA using the same platform and through a graphical programming language. So this paper introduces the fruit of integrating the prototyping tools with the simulation tools as a single platform through which the complicated electronic systems can be simulated and prototyped.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mohamed Ibrahiem El Hawary
Gihan Gomah Hamza
Abdelhalim Zekry
Ibrahiem Mohamed Motawie
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Abstract

Real time simulators of IEC 61850 compliant protection devices can be implemented without their analogue part, reducing costs and increasing versatility. Implementation of Sampled Values (SV) and GOOSE interfaces to Matlab/Simulink allows for interaction with protection relays in closed loop during power system simulation. Properly configured and synchronized Linux system with Real Time (RT) patch, can be used as a low latency run time environment for Matlab/Simulink generated model. The number of overruns during model execution using proposed SV and GOOSE interfaces with 50 µs step size is minimal. The paper discusses the implementation details and time synchronization methods of IEC 61850 real time simulator implemented in Matlab/Simulink that is built on top of run time environment shown in authors preliminary works and is the further development of them. Correct operation of the proposed solution is evaluated during the hardware-in-the-loop testing of ABB REL670 relay.
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Authors and Affiliations

Karol Kurek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Nogal
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ryszard Kowalik
1
Marcin Januszewski
1

  1. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warszawa, Poland
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Abstract

Blood glucose level monitoring and control is of utmost importance to millions of people who have been diagnosed with diabetes or similar illnesses. One of the conventional tests for measuring how the human body breaks down glucose is IVGTT, the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test. The difficulty of computing the models of glucose-insulin interaction presents an issue when attempting to implement them in embedded hardware. The Metabolic P (MP), contrary to other models, does not require solving differential equations to compute, thus it could be an effective modelling approach for real-time applications. The present paper proves that MP system methodology-based IVGTT implementation in the Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) technology is reasonably precise and sufficiently flexible to be used effectively in multi-user scenarios. Presentation of the state-of-the-art focuses on glucose-insulin interaction models, glucose monitoring systems and MP system implementation techniques. Methods for MP system computations and techniques for their implementation on FPGA, together with the original unified MP system implementation technique, have been presented in this paper. The results of an elaborate investigation into the IVGTT MP systems, as well as their single and unified MP implementation techniques have also been considered. It is shown that the techniques developed are applicable to all known IVGTT MP systems, and can achieve RMSE not higher than 15% using a word length of at least 32 bits. The novel MP system combined quality metrics and its pictorial representation allow the analysis of various implementation characteristics. Compared to the unified pipelined IVGTT MP system implementation technique, the developed unified combinational technique ensures a 2‒3 times higher speed.

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Authors and Affiliations

D. Kulakovskis
T. Sledevič
A. Gedminas
D. Navakauskas
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Abstract

Five years ago, the Act on the protection of animals used for scientific or educational purposes entered into force. It is the implementation of Directive 2010/63/ EU into the Polish legal system. During the work on the Directive, most scientists were convinced that the previous Act on animal experiments of 2005 was in line with the new EU law and only minor modifications would be necessary. Legislators, however, decided to create a completely new legal act. Already at the time of the Act's creation, the scientific community made many critical comments regarding the law. Significant discrepancies between the Directive and the proposed provisions of the Act were far more stringent, and in many places with imprecise provisions which could have resulted in difficulties in conducting research using animals. Unfortunately, most of the postulates of the scientific community were not considered at that time. What does the Act look like 5 years after its adoption? Instead of a transparent and balanced law modeled on the EU Directive, which provides real protection for experimental animals, while safeguarding the intellectual rights of animal testing units, a patch of underdeveloped, sometimes mutually exclusive provisions has been issued. Instead of raising the welfare of the animals used for research to a higher level, it significantly increased the costs of operating research units and increased bureaucracy. Instead of rationalizing the system of issuing consents for research, it has been weakened and entangled in administrative and legal disputes without the provision of basic administrative facilities. Instead of increasing the international mobility of scientists and technicians working with experimental animals, the implementation of the law created a training “system” that is not recognized in any other EU country. In the light of the 5-year experience of the scientific community and the expert part of the composition of local ethics committees, we postulate to introduce a number of significant changes to the act so that its amended version actually ensures animal protection, respect for researchers and returns to the current of European legislation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Gajewska
Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska
Jan Konopacki
Krzysztof Turlejski
Cezary W. Watała
Krzysztof Wąsowicz
Anna Wesołowska
Marek Wieczorek
Piotr Wlaź
Romuald Zabielski
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Abstract

This is response of the authors of the article published in the “Nauka” (3/2020) to the polemic note published in the issue 1/2021. In the response, authors signaled the progressive difficulties in conducting research on animals, attributed to the practices of applying the “Act on the protection of animals used for scientific or educational purposes” of January 15, 2015. The use of animals for research in accordance with the provisions of the Act of 2015 was paid for by a number of ambiguities in the interpretation of the provisions of the Act, increased official reporting without any real effect on animal welfare, and increased pressure from some non-governmental organizations, whose aim is to completely block the conduct of animal research.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marta Gajewska
1 2
Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska
3
Jan Konopacki
4
Krzysztof Turlejski
5
Cezary W. Watała
6
Krzysztof Wąsowicz
7
Anna Wesołowska
8
Marek Wieczorek
9
Piotr Wlaź
10
Romuald Zabielski
2

  1. Narodowy Instytut Onkologii im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
  2. Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
  3. Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie (II LKE w Warszawie)
  4. Uniwersytet Łódzki
  5. Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
  6. Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi
  7. Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie (LKE w Olsztynie)
  8. Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Collegium Medicum w Krakowie
  9. Uniwersytet Łódzki (LKE w Łodzi)
  10. Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie (LKE w Lublinie)
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Abstract

In this paper, the PLC-based (Programmable Logic Controller) industrial implementation in the form of the general-purpose function block for ADRC (Active Disturbance Rejection Controller) is presented. The details of practical aspects are discussed because their reliable implementation is not trivial for higher order ADRC. Additional important novelties discussed in the paper are the impact of the derivative backoff and the method that significantly simplifies tuning of higher order ADRC by avoiding the usual trial and error procedure. The results of the practical validation of the suggested concepts complete the paper and show the potential industrial applicability of ADRC.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Nowak
Krzysztof Stebel
Tomasz Kłopot
Jacek Czeczot
Michał Frątczak
Piotr Laszczyk
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Abstract

The telemetry data are essential in evaluating the performance of aircraft and diagnosing its failures. This work combines the oversampling technology with the run-length encoding compression algorithm with an error factor to further enhance the compression performance of telemetry data in a multichannel acquisition system. Compression of telemetry data is carried out with the use of FPGAs. In the experiments there are used pulse signals and vibration signals. The proposed method is compared with two existing methods. The experimental results indicate that the compression ratio, precision, and distortion degree of the telemetry data are improved significantly compared with those obtained by the existing methods. The implementation and measurement of the proposed telemetry data compression method show its effectiveness when used in a high-precision high-capacity multichannel acquisition system.

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Authors and Affiliations

Xiaopu Shang
Yongfeng Ren
Guoyong Zheng
Kaiqun Wang
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Abstract

Many studies have been developed aiming to improve digital filters realizations, recurring to intricate structures and analyzing probabilistically the error's behavior. The work presented in this paper analyzes the feasibility of fixed-point implementation of classical infinite impulse response notch filters: Butterworth, Chebyshev I and II, and elliptic. To scrutinize the deformations suffered for distinct design specifications, it is assessed: the effect of the quality factor and normalized cut-off frequency, in the number of significant bits necessary to represent the filter's coefficients. The implications brought to FPGA implementation are also verified. The work focuses especially on the implementation of power line notch filters used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio in biomedical signals. The results obtained, when quantizing the digital notch filters, show that by applying second-order sections decomposition, low-order digital filters may be designed using only part of double precision capabilities. High-order notch filters with harsh design constraints are implementable using double precision, but only in second-order sections. Thus, it is revealed that to optimize computation time in real-time applications, an optimal digital notch filter implementation platform should have variable arithmetic precision. Considering these implementation constraints, utmost operation performance is finally estimated when implementing digital notch filters in Xilinx Virtex-5 field-programmable gate arrays. The influence of several design specifications, e.g. type, and order, in the filter's behavior was evaluated, namely in regard to order, type, input and coefficient number of bits, quality factor and cut-off frequency. Finally the implications and potential applications of such results are discussed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Eduardo Pinheiro
Octavian Postolache
Pedro Girão
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Abstract

The paper deals with the application of the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) to simulations of discrete macro-cracks in plain concrete specimens under tension, bending and shear. Fundamental relationships and basic discrete constitutive laws were described. The most important aspects of the numerical implementation were discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of the method were outlined.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Bobinski
J. Tejchman
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Abstract

The main purpose of this article is to present an author’s methodology of production levelling

and to show the impact of levelling on the time during which the product passes

through the process and on staff performance. The article presents the analysis of literature

concerning the method of improving the production process, especially taking production

levelling into consideration. The authors focussed on the definition and methodologies of

production levelling. A diagram of interrelations showing determinants and efficiency measures

of production levelling as well as an author’s production levelling methodology have

been presented. An example of the implementation of production levelling in one of the departments

of a company manufacturing surgical instruments has also been shown. Analysis

of the current state, stages of implementation and end effects have been presented. Attention

was focussed on the time during which the product passes through the process and on staff

performance.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paulina Rewers
Mariusz Bożek
Wojciech Kulus
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Abstract

In this report, ankle rehabilitation routines currently approved by physicians are implemented via novel control algorithms on a recently appeared robotic device known as the motoBOTTE. The physician specifications for gait cycles are translated into robotic trajectories whose tracking is performed twofold depending on the availability of a model: (1) if obtained via the Euler-Lagrange approach along with identification of unknown plant parameters, a new computed-torque control law is proposed; it takes into account the parallel-robot characteristics; (2) if not available, a variation of the active disturbance rejection control technique whose parameters need to be tuned, is employed. A detailed discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of the model-based and model-free results, from the continuous-time simulation to the discrete-time implementation, is included.
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Authors and Affiliations

Juan Carlos Arceo
1
Jorge Álvarez
2
Carlos Armenta
1
Jimmy Lauber
1
Sylvain Cremoux
3
Emilie Simoneau-Buessinger
1
Miguel Bernal
2

  1. Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, LAMIH UMR CNRS 8201, F-59313 Valenciennes, France
  2. Sonora Institute of Technology, 5 de Febrero 818 Sur, Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico
  3. Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, CNRS UMR 5549, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse 31052, France
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Abstract

The article focuses on the fractional-order backward difference, sum, linear time-invariant equation analysis, and difficulties of the fractional calculus microcontroller implementation with regard to designing a fractional-order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller. In opposite to the classic proportional integral derivative (PID), the FOPID controller is defined by five independent parameters. Hence, it is more customizable and, potentially, more precise on condition that the values of fractional integration and differentiation orders are properly selected. However, a number of operations and the time required to calculate the output signal continuously increase. This can be a significant problem considering the limitations of a microcontroller, including memory size and a constant sampling time of the set-up analog-to-digital (ADC) converters. In the article, three solutions are considered, and results obtained in the experiments are presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mariusz Matusiak
Piotr Ostalczyk
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Abstract

In the paper, an overview of the methods and algorithms of synthesis, realization and implementation used by the author to obtain orthogonal 3-D filters with a structure made of Givens rotations has been presented. The main advantage of orthogonal filters, which may have a lower sensitivity to quantization of the coefficients, was indicated. The author proposed a number of possible changes and modifications of individual stages, which may result in obtaining filters with even better parameters. The work will be the basis for the direction of further research.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Poczekajło
1

  1. Faculty of Electronics and Computer Science, Koszalin University of Technology, Koszalin, Poland
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Abstract

An application specific integrated design using Quadrature Linear Discriminant Analysis is proposed for automatic detection of normal and epilepsy seizure signals from EEG recordings in epilepsy patients. Five statistical parameters are extracted to form the feature vector for training of the classifier. The statistical parameters are Standardised Moment, Co-efficient of Variance, Range, Root Mean Square Value and Energy. The Intellectual Property Core performs the process of filtering, segmentation, extraction of statistical features and classification of epilepsy seizure and normal signals. The design is implemented in Zynq 7000 Zc706 SoC with average accuracy of 99%, Specificity of 100%, F1 score of 0.99, Sensitivity of 98% and Precision of 100 % with error rate of 0.0013/hr., which is approximately zero false detection.

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Authors and Affiliations

S. Syed Rafiammal
D. Najumnissa
G. Anuradha
S. Kaja Mohideen
P.K. Jawahar
Syed Abdul Mutalib

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