Evaluative conditioning (EC) is a change in the evaluation of a neutral stimulus due to its pairing with another affective stimulus. Our Experiment 1 (N = 40) was carried out based on Rydell et al. (2006). During the conditioning stage, participants were presented with pictures of faces (CS) and positive or negative information about their behavior (explicit US). The images were preceded by short verbal primes (implicit US) of opposite valence to behavioral information. In Experiments 2 (N = 122) and 3 (N = 100) we provoked the transfer of implicit and explicit attitudes between USs and CSs by using social objects that potentially carry discrepant implicit and explicit evaluations. The data shows an inconsistency between implicit and explicit attitudes towards The results also confirm that those explicitly assessed attitudes are affected only by explicit information. At the same time, implicit attitudes are influenced not only by automatic processes but also by many other processes and information available to one's conscious mind.

A famous Russian folk song, proverbs and sayings about a mother‑in‑law and son‑in‑law are the key elements of the analysis of the relations between a son‑in‑law (a younger member of the male family) and a mother‑in‑law (an older member of the female family). This analysis is also based on the etymological data and the author tries to answer the question: what is the hidden relation between the two families the members of whom are married? Many papers have been written on that matter. This article describes this relation as a gradual process of building the indirect connection between the mother‑in‑law and son‑in‑law. This is a symmetric/asymmetric relations which only seems to be mutually linked and tied. The emerged and shaped relation attitude direction – from mother‑in‑law to son‑in‑law – is presented here as the act of attracting and repelling. By means of fulfilment and satisfaction it implies the necessity of the adaption but not subordination as well as the hidden favour of the unlimited reproductive power. On the other hand i.e. the direction from the son‑in‑law to mother‑in‑law, the attitude is completely different which means the partial rivalry and repelling attraction. The daughter (from the mother‑in‑law side) and the fiancée/wife (from the son‑in‑law side) is completely out of these relations.

AIMS: The primary goal of the presented research was to investigate the memory effects of implicit negation, conveyed using implicatures, as compared to explicit negation. We also speculated that implicit negation might require more cognitive effort.

METHODS: Three experiments were conducted (total N = 181), in which participants were presented with a description containing implicit or explicit negation, followed by a memory recognition test of items present, negated or not mentioned in the description. We manipulated the pace at which the description was presented (own pace vs. fixed) and whether participants were informed about the upcoming recognition test.

RESULTS: We found no differences between explicit and implicit negation in the number of false alarms to negated and not mentioned items, response times or time spent reading the source material. Bayesian analyses indicated a 90% probability that there were no differences in the number of false alarms between explicit and implicit negation.

CONCLUSIONS: Implicit and explicit negation lead to a similar quality of recognition, and seem to require a similar amount of time to process, indicating comparable cognitive effort.

The paper presents an approach to differential equation solutions for the stiff problem. The method of using the classic transformer model to study nonlinear steady states and to determine the current pulses appearing when the transformer is turned on is given. Moreover, the stiffness of nonlinear ordinary differential state equations has to be considered. This paper compares Runge–Kutta implicit methods for the solution of this stiff problem.

In times of the COVID-19, reliable tools to simulate the airborne pathogens causing the infection are extremely important to enable the testing of various preventive methods. Advection-diffusion simulations can model the propagation of pathogens in the air. We can represent the concentration of pathogens in the air by “contamination” propagating from the source, by the mechanisms of advection (representing air movement) and diffusion (representing the spontaneous propagation of pathogen particles in the air). The three-dimensional time-dependent advection-diffusion equation is difficult to simulate due to the high computational cost and instabilities of the numerical methods. In this paper, we present alternating directions implicit isogeometric analysis simulations of the three-dimensional advection-diffusion equations. We introduce three intermediate time steps, where in the differential operator, we separate the derivatives concerning particular spatial directions. We provide a mathematical analysis of the numerical stability of the method. We show well-posedness of each time step formulation, under the assumption of a particular time step size. We utilize the tensor products of one-dimensional B-spline basis functions over the three-dimensional cube shape domain for the spatial discretization. The alternating direction solver is implemented in C++ and parallelized using the GALOIS framework for multi-core processors. We run the simulations within 120 minutes on a laptop equipped with i7 6700 Q processor 2.6 GHz (8 cores with HT) and 16 GB of RAM.