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Number of results: 73
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Abstract

A new observer of induction motor state variables is proposed in the paper. A nonlinearity of the main magnetic path is expressed as a function of a properly chosen parameter versus the position vector length. The value of the mutual inductance received n the identification algorithm is calculated exploiting the estimated values of the state variables. The coefficients appearing in the differential equations of the observer system are modified in each step of the algorithm on the basis of the calculated mutual inductance. The analysis of convergence of the identification algorithm is shown in this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Jąderko
Jędrzej Pietryka
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Abstract

The aim of this paper is to present a new approach to the problem of silicon integrated spiral inductors modeling. First, an overview of models and modeling techniques is presented. Based on 3D simulations and published measurement results, a list of physical phenomena to be taken into account in the model is created and based on it, the spiral inductor modeling by frequency sampling method is presented. To verify the proposed method a test circuit, containing 6 spiral inductors was designed and integrated in a silicon technology. The parameters of the spiral inductors from the test circuit were next measured and compared with simulations results. The comparison for one of those six spiral inductors is presented in the article.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Kałuża
A. Napieralski
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Abstract

We discuss epistemological and methodological aspects of the Bayesian approach in astrophysics and cosmology. The introduction to the Bayesian framework is given for a further discussion concerning the Bayesian inference in physics. The interplay between the modern cosmology, Bayesian statistics, and philosophy of science is presented. We consider paradoxes of confi rmation, like Goodman’s paradox, appearing in the Bayesian theory of confirmation. As in Goodman’s paradox the Bayesian inference is susceptible to some epistemic limitations in the logic of induction. However, Goodman’s paradox applied to cosmological hypotheses seems to be resolved due to the evolutionary character of cosmology and the accumulation of new empirical evidence. We argue that the Bayesian framework is useful in the context of falsifiability of quantum cosmological models, as well as contemporary dark energy and dark matter problem.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jakub Mielczarek
Marek Szydłowski
Adam Krawiec
Paweł Tambor
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Abstract

This research presents a method of modeling and numerical simulation of a reluctance stepper motor using reduced finite-element time-stepping technique. In presented model, the circuit equations are reduced to non-stationary differential equations, i.e. the inductance mapping technique is used to find relationship between coil inductance and rotor position. A strongly coupled field-circuit model of the stepper motor is presented. In analyzed model the magnetostatic field partial differential equations are coupled with rotor motion equation and solved simultaneously in each iterative step. The nonlinearity problem is solved using Newton-Raphson method with spline approximation of the B-H curve.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jakub Bernat
Jakub Kołota
Sławomir Stępień
Grzegorz Szymański
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Abstract

The aim of this paper is presentation and comparison of calculation methods of the inductance matrix of a 3-column multi-winding autotransformer. Main and leakage autotransformer inductance was obtained using finite elements method. Static calculations were made at the current supply for 2D and 3D models, and mono-harmonic calculations were made at the voltage supply. In the mono-harmonic calculations the eddy current losses were taken into account, this made it possible to study relationship between the autotransformer parameters and the frequency. Calculations were made using Ansys and the authors' own programs in Matlab.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Gołębiowski
Damian Mazur
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Abstract

The 15-winding and 3-column autotransformer supplying an 18-pulse rectifier circuit was developed. Presented methods can be used also for the autotransformers of other topologies supplying different kinds of converters. Presented methods make it possible to exactly calculate main and leakage inductances of the multi-winding autotransformer. The presented analysis of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the inductance matrix makes it possible to identify the influence nature of individual modes on the inductance matrix, and to compare the calculation results obtained using the presented methods. Frequency dependence of autotransformer parameters was shown. Also modes of the impedance matrix of the multi-winding autotransformer was investigated, this made it possible to identify the influence nature of individual modes on the inductance matrix. Using presented methods one can exactly calculate main and leakage inductances of the autotransformer. Thanks to this, one can design in optimal way autotransformers for supplying, for example, rectifier circuits, THD coefficients. The results of the measurements and simulations were also shortly presented at the end of the article.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Gołębiowski
Damian Mazur
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Abstract

The article introduced some expressions for self- and mutual slot leakage inductance of phase windings for the mathematical model of an induction machine in the natural phase coordinate system and for dq0 model and in an arbitrary coordinate frame. Calculation of self- and mutual slot leakage inductance have been performed for threephase double-layer, delta and delta-modified winding connections. Introduced expressions may be useful in the design of windings and in the analysis of dynamic states of AC electrical machines.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Staszak
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Abstract

The paper introduces a comprehensive investigation in end winding inductances of large two-pole turbo-generators. With the aid of an analytic-numeric approach, where Neumann's formula is applied, the influence of geometric characteristics of double-layer stator end windings with involute shape is analysed. This parameter study results in approximation formulas for the stator self and mutual inductances at stand level as well as for the common used end winding leakage inductance. In order to consider field affecting components as pressure plate, flux shield, rotor shaft and rotor retaining ring, finite elements models for two machines (250 MVA and 1150 MVA) are created and computed. The results are integrated in the developed approximation formulas. Finally the simulation results of machine 1 are compared to the data of two different measurements. All approaches introduced in this paper show good correlation. The high speed of the analytic-numeric calculation is combined with the accuracy and opportunity to consider field affecting components within the extensive finite element computation successfully.

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Authors and Affiliations

Michael Freese
Stefan Kulig
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Abstract

The paper presents a multi-phase doubly fed induction machine operating as a DC voltage generator. The machine consists of a six-phase stator circuit and a three-phase rotor circuit. Two three-phase six-pulse diode rectifiers are connected to each three-phase machine section on the stator side and in parallel to the common DC circuit feeding the isolated load. The same DC bus is also common for the rotor side power electronics converter responsible for machine control. Two methods – direct torque control DTC and field oriented control FOC – were implemented for machine control and compared by means of simulation tests. Field oriented control was implemented in the laboratory test bench.

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Bibliography

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  2.  M.F. Iacchetti and G.D. Marques, “Enhanced torque control in a DFIG connected to a DC grid by a diode rectifier”, 16th Europ. Conf. Power Electron. and Appl. – EPE’14, Lappeenranta, Finland, 1‒9 (2014).
  3.  G.D. Marques and M.F. Iacchetti, “A self-sensing stator-current-based control system of a DFIG connected to a DC-link”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 62(10), 6140–6150 (2015).
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  5.  H. Misra, A. Gundavarapu, and A.K. Jain, “Control scheme for DC voltage regulation of stand-alone DFIG-DC system”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 64(4), 2700–2708 (2017).
  6.  N. Yu, H. Nian, and Y. Quan, “A novel DC grid connected DFIG system with active power filter based on predictive current control”, Int. Conf. Electr. Machines and Systems – ICEMS’11, Beijing, China, 2011, pp. 1–5.
  7.  M.F. Iacchetti, G.D. Marques, and R. Perini, “Torque ripple reduction in a DFIG-DC system by resonant current controllers”, IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 30(8), 4244–4254 (2015).
  8.  C. Wu and H. Nian, “Improved direct resonant control for suppressing torque ripple and reducing harmonic current losses of dfig-dc system”, IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 34(9), 8739–8748 (2019).
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Maciejewski
1
Grzegorz Iwański
1

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Control and Industrial Electronics, 75, Koszykowa St., 00-662 Warszawa, Poland
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Abstract

The study presents a calculation method of the voltage induced by power-line sagged conductor in an inductively coupled overhead circuit of arbitrary configuration isolated from ground. The method bases on the solution utilizing the magnetic vector potential for modeling 3D magnetic fields produced by sagging conductors of catenary electric power lines. It is assumed that the equation of the catenary exactly describes the line sag and the influence of currents induced in the earth on the distribution of power line magnetic field is neglected. The method derived is illustrated by exemplary calculations and the results obtained are partially compared with results computed by optional approach.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Budnik
Wojciech Machczyński
Jan Szymenderski
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Abstract

The new topology of three-winding welding transformer is proposed. Each secondary winding is connected in parallel through the separate bridge rectifier to the welding arc. The main feature of the proposed device is parallel working of two secondary windings with different rated voltage. The advantage is nonlinear transformation ratio of current that provides unprecedented power efficiency. The self- and mutual leakage inductances, which are important in power conversion, are calculated by 2D FEA model. The operational current of the device is modelled numerically via P-Spice simulator. The proposed topology is up to 30% more power effective than conventional welding transformer provided that the leakage inductances of primary and secondary windings are correctly fitted. This transformer is used for manual arc welding.

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Authors and Affiliations

Lyudmila Sakhno
Olga Sakhno
Simon Dubitsky
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Abstract

In a high-efficiency Class E ZVS resonant amplifier a matching and isolation transformer can replace some or even all inductive components of the amplifier thus simplifying the circuit and reducing its cost. In the paper a theoretical analysis, a design example and its experimental verification for a transformer Class E amplifier are presented. In the experimental amplifier with a transformer as the only inductive component in the circuit high efficiency ηMAX = 0.95 was achieved for supply voltage VI = 36 V, maximum output power POMAX = 100 W and the switching frequency f = 300 kHz. Measured parameters and waveforms showed a good agreement with theoretical predictions. Moreover, the relative bandwidth of the switching frequency was only 19% to obtain output power control from 4.8 W to POMAX with efficiency not less than 0.9 in the regulation range.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mirosław Mikolajewski
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Abstract

The detection of transformer winding deformation caused by short-circuit current is of great significance to the realization of condition based maintenance. Considering the influence of environment and measurement errors, an online deformation detection method is proposed based on the analysis of leakage inductance changes. First, the operation expressions are derived on the basis of the equivalent circuit and the leakage inductance parameters are identified by the partial least squares regression algorithm. Second, the amount of the leakage inductance samples in a detection time window is determined using the Monte Carlo simulation thought, and then the samples in the confidence interval are obtained. Last, a criteria is built by the mean value changes of the leakage inductance samples and the winding deformation is detected. The online detection method considers the random fluctuation characteristics of the leakage inductance samples, adjust the threshold value automatically, and can quantify the change range to assess the severity. Based on the field data, the distribution of the leakage inductance samples is analyzed to obey the normal function approximately. Three deformation experiments are done by different sub-winding connections and the detection results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Authors and Affiliations

Li Jiansheng
Tao Fengbo
Wei Chao
Lu Yuncai
Wu Peng
Zhu Mengzhou
Yu Miao
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Abstract

This paper presents active inductor based VCO design for wireless applications based on analysis of active inductor models (Weng-Kuo Cascode active inductor & Liang Regular Cascode active inductor) with feedback resistor technique. Embedment of feedback resistor results in the increment of inductance as well as the quality factor whereas the values are 125.6@2.4GHz (Liang) and 98.7@3.4GHz (Weng-Kuo). The Weng-Kuo active inductor based VCO shows a tuning frequency of 1.765GHz ~2.430GHz (31.7%), while consuming a power of 2.60 mW and phase noise of -84.15 dBc/Hz@1MHz offset. On the other hand, Liang active inductor based VCO shows a frequency range of 1.897GHz ~2.522GHz (28.28%), while consuming a power of 1.40 mW and phase noise of -80.79 dBc/Hz@1MHz offset. Comparing Figure-of-Merit (FoM), power consumption, output power and stability in performance, designed active inductor based VCOs outperform with the stateof- the-art.

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Authors and Affiliations

Omar Faruqe
Md Tawfiq Amin
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Abstract

An electric power steering system (EPS) is a new type of steering system developed after a mechanical hydraulic power system (MHPS) and electric-hydraulic power steering system (EHPS). In order to coordinate and solve the portability and sensitivity of the steering system optimally, taking an induction power steering system as the research object, the control algorithm of induction motor control under the EPS is studied in this paper. In order to eliminate the feed-forward performance degradation caused by the change of feed-forward parameters, an on-line identification algorithm of feed-forward parameters is proposed. It can improve the control performance of online identification among three feed-forward parameters in the T-axle motor, it improves on the robustness of feed-forward control performance, at the same time it also gives simulation and test results. This method can improve the control performance of the three feed-forward parameter online identification of the T-axis motor and improve the robustness of feed-forward control performance. At the same time, simulation and test results are given. The simulation results show that the algorithm can significantly improve the response speed and control accuracy of EPS system control.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zhang Naibiao
Cai Tianfang
Han Xuezheng
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Abstract

Disk motors are characterized by the axial direction of main magnetic flux and the variable length of the magnetic flux path along varying stator/rotor radii. This is why it is generally accepted that reliable electromagnetic calculations for such machines should be carried out using the FEM for 3D models. The 3D approach makes it possible to take into account an entire spectrum of different effects. Such computational analysis is very time-consuming, this is in particular true for machines with one magnetic axis only. An alternate computational method based on a 2D FEM model of a cylindrical motor is proposed in the paper. The obtained calculation results have been verified by means of lab test results for a physical model. The proposed method leads to a significant decrease of computational time, i.e. the decrease of iterative search for the most advantageous design.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Wolnik
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The study presents a concept of generation of micro-cracks (or cracks) in metal specimens in order to assess their material with respect to the thermal shock resistance. Both the method of conducting the experiment and the criteria of the assessment of the material resistance to the rapid temperature changes are discussed. The schematic diagram of the research stand used for repeated heating and rapid cooling of specimens, constructed in the Foundry Institute of the Częstochowa University of Technology, is presented. The proposed solution enables to maintain constant conditions of the experiment. The tests were held for flat specimens 70 mm long, 20 mm wide, and 5 mm thick, tapered over a distance of 15 mm towards both ends. The specimens were induction heated up to the specified temperature and then, in response to the signal produced by a pyrometer, dipped in the tank containing the cooling medium. The thermal shock resistance of the material can be assessed on the basis of either the total length of the micro-cracks arisen at the tapered parts of a specimen after a specified number of heating-and-cooling cycles, or the number of such cycles prior to the total damage of a specimen, or else the number of thermal cycles prior to generation of the first crack. The study includes an exemplary view of the metal specimen after the thermal shock resistance tests, as well as the illustrative microstructure of the vermicular cast iron which reveals a crack propagating from the edge towards the core of the material.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Jakubus
ORCID: ORCID
M.S. Soiński
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Abstract

Three phase induction motors are widely used in industrial processes and condition monitoring of these motors is especially important. Broken rotor bars, eccentricity and bearing faults are the most common types of faults of induction motors. Stator current and/or vibration signals are mostly preferred for the monitoring and detection of these faults. Fourier Transform (FT) based detection methods analyse the characteristic harmonic components of stator current and vibration signals for feature extraction. Several types of simultaneous faults of induction motors may produce characteristic harmonic components at the same frequency (with varying amplitudes). Therefore, detection of multiple faults is more difficult than detection of a single fault with FT based diagnosis methods. This paper proposes an alternative approach to detect simultaneous multiple faults including broken rotor bars, static eccentricity and outer/inner-race bearing faults by analysing stator current and vibration signals. The proposed method uses Hilbert envelope analysis with a Normalized Least Mean Square (NLSM) adaptive filter. The results are experimentally verified under 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% load conditions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ahmet Kabul
1
Abdurrahman Ünsal
2

  1. Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 15030, Burdur, Turkey
  2. Kütahya Dumlupınar University, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 43100, Kütahya, Turkey
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Abstract

This paper presents an approach to the construction and measurements of electrodynamic and reluctance actuators. Executive elements were used as drives in a novel concept of a magnetomotive micropump. The paper discusses various aspects concerning the designation of parameters, control system, the explanation of physical phenomena, and the optimization of the basic elements for coil units. The conducted work describes the measurement system and the analysis of the derived values. The actuators were compared and the pros/cons of building the conceptual device were highlighted. The best solution to be used in the upcoming work concerning the construction of a magnetomotive micropump was chosen based on measurements, engineering aspects, layout control, and key parameters such as the piston velocity, energy stored in capacitors, and efficiencies.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Szulborski
Ł. Kolimas
K. Bieńkowski
S. Łapczyński
Ł. Kozarek
K. Birek
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Abstract

I n t r o d u c t i o n: Induction of labor is an intervention in the obstetrics, which aim is to achieve cervical ripening and stimulate contractions of uterus before beginning of labor. The purpose of our study was to evaluate efficacy of combinations of vaginal misoprostol, intracervical dinoprostone and Foley catheter at term with regard to mode of delivery and rate of emergency C-sections due to birth asphyxia.

Ma t e r i a l a n d Me t h o d s: 403 singleton pregnant women, who underwent pharmacological labor induction at term, were reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 main cohorts due to beginning of induction algorithm: vaginal misoprostol (66) or intracervical dinoprostone (337) consisting of 3 subgroups — PGE2 alone (184), PGE2+Foley catheter (125), PGE2+Foley catheter+PGE1 (28).

R e s u l t s: Comparison of maternal age, presence of cervical dilation and parity revealed no major differences between cohorts. Eff ectiveness of labor induction with misoprostol, dinoprostone and dinoprostone followed by Foley catheter were respectively 90.9%, 51.3%, and 82.8%. Addition of PGE1 was effective in 83% of patients with negative response to PGE2 followed by Foley catheter. There was no statistically significant diff erence in rate of C-sections between dinoprostone and misoprostol cohorts, C-section due to birth asphyxia were insignificantly more frequent in PGE1 than in PGE2 cohort. Efficacy in the subgroup administered only dinoprostone was significantly higher in 40th than in 41th (p = 0.016).

C o n c l u s i o n s: Intracervical dinoprostone seems to be safer, but less effective in labor induction than vaginal misoprostol. Following PGE2 by other methods increased efficacy of induction in this cohort.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Modrzyńska
Małgorzata Radoń-Pokracka
Magdalena Płonka
Beata Adrianowicz
Gabriela Wilczyńska
Magdalena Nowak
Hubert Huras
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Abstract

Fault diagnosis techniques of electrical motors can prevent unplanned downtime and loss of money, production, and health. Various parts of the induction motor can be diagnosed: rotor, stator, rolling bearings, fan, insulation damage, and shaft. Acoustic analysis is non-invasive. Acoustic sensors are low-cost. Changes in the acoustic signal are often observed for faults in induction motors. In this paper, the authors present a fault diagnosis technique for three-phase induction motors (TPIM) using acoustic analysis. The authors analyzed acoustic signals for three conditions of the TPIM: healthy TPIM, TPIM with two broken bars, and TPIM with a faulty ring of the squirrel cage. Acoustic analysis was performed using fast Fourier transform (FFT), a new feature extraction method called MoD-7 (maxima of differences between the conditions), and deep neural networks: GoogLeNet, and ResNet-50. The results of the analysis of acoustic signals were equal to 100% for the three analyzed conditions. The proposed technique is excellent for acoustic signals. The described technique can be used for electric motor fault diagnosis applications.
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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Glowacz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maciej Sulowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jarosław Kozik
2
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Piech
2
ORCID: ORCID
Witold Glowacz
3
ORCID: ORCID
Zhixiong Li
4 5
ORCID: ORCID
Frantisek Brumercik
6
ORCID: ORCID
Miroslav Gutten
7
ORCID: ORCID
Daniel Korenciak
7
Anil Kumar
8
ORCID: ORCID
Guilherme Beraldi Lucas
9
ORCID: ORCID
Muhammad Irfan
10
ORCID: ORCID
Wahyu Caesarendra
4 11
ORCID: ORCID
Hui Lui
12
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, ul. Warszawska 24,31-155 Kraków, Poland
  2. AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, Department of PowerElectronics and Energy Control Systems, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
  3. AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, Department of AutomaticControl and Robotics, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakw, Poland
  4. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of Technology, Opole 45-758, Poland
  5. University of Religions and Denomina, Qom, Iran
  6. University of Zilina, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Design and Machine Elements, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia
  7. University of Zilina, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, 8215/1 Univerzitna, 01026 Zilina, Slovakia
  8. Wenzhou University, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou, 325 035, China
  9. Sao Paulo State University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Av. Eng. Luís Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  10. Najran University Saudi Arabia, Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
  11. Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darusalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
  12. China Jiliang University, College of Quality and Safety Engineering, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Abstract

Quality of electric current delivered to the magnets of a particle accelerator is essential for safety and reliability of its operation. Even small discrepancies strongly affect the properties of particle beams. One of the sources of the disturbances is the appearance of induced currents caused by the electromagnetic interactions between the elements of the machine. In this paper the calculations of induced currents in by-pass lines of a SIS100 particle accelerator are presented. In order to find the values of the currents the self-inductances and mutual inductances of the by-pass lines are found. Due to the complex geometry of the line, especially of Ω-shaped dilatations, the numerical approach was employed. The calculations show that the size of induced currents increases with the distance between the cables in an individual bus-bar. The maximum discrepancy of the magnetic field in a dipole magnet is found to be 7.7 μT. The decrease of distance between the cables allows one to obtain a discrepancy of 1.2 μT.

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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Tomków
Stanisław Trojanowski
Marian Ciszek
Maciej Chorowski
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Abstract

This paper presents the research into the design and performance analysis of a novel five-phase doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). The designed DFIG is developed based on standard induction motor components and equipped with a five-phase rotor winding supplied from the five-phase inverter. This approach allows the machine to be both efficient and reliable due to the ability of the five-phase rotor winding to operate during single or dual-phase failure. The paper presents the newly designed DFIG validation and verification based on the finite element analysis (FEA) and laboratory tests.
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Authors and Affiliations

Roland Ryndzionek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Blecharz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Filip Kutt
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Michna
1
ORCID: ORCID
Grzegorz Kostro
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gabriela Narutowicza str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Abstract

This article aims to reconstruct Max Scheler’s conception of three types of knowledge, outlined in his late work Philosophical Perspectives (1928). Scheler distinguished three kinds of knowledge: empirical, used to exercise control over nature, eidetic (essential) and metaphysical. I review the epistemological criteria that underlie this distinction, and its functionalistic assumptions. In the article’s polemic part I accuse Scheler of a) crypto-dualism in his theory of knowledge, which draws insufficient distinctions between metaphysical and eidetic knowledge; b) totally omitting the status of the humanities in his classification of knowledge types; c) consistently developing a philosophy of knowledge without resort to the research tools offered by the philosophy of science, which takes such analyses out of their social and historical context (i.e., how knowledge is created in today’s scientific communities).

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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Czerniak

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