How to search?
advanced search

Search results

Filters

  • Journals
  • Authors
  • Keywords
  • Date
  • Type

Search results

Number of results: 7
items per page: 25 50 75
Sort by:

Assessment of the Impact of Injection Moulding Process Parameters on the Properties of Mouldings Made of Low-Density Poly(ethylene) Recyclate LDPE

A. Kalwik R. Humienny K. Mordal
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1043-1049 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139700
Keywords poly(ethylene) injection moulding injection moulding process parameters
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The parameters of the injection moulding process have a significant influence on the properties of the moulded parts. Selection of appropriate injection conditions (e. g. the injection temperature, mould temperature, injection and holding pressure, injection speed) contributes to the productivity and energy consumption of the injection moulding process as well as to the quality of the moulded parts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of injection moulding parameters on properties of poly(ethylene) mouldings. Regranulate obtained from recycled film, which is a mixture of low-density poly(ethylene) and linear low-density poly(ethylene), was used for testing. Samples in the form of standardised tensile bars of type A1 were produced by injection moulding. A Krauss-Maffei KM65-160C4 injection moulding machine was used for this purpose. Variable parameters of the this process used in the study were: injection speed, mould temperature and holding pressure. The results of tensile strength tests of the obtained samples are presented. The weight and dimensions of mouldings from four different regranulates were also investigated. The effect of injection moulding conditions on the properties of poly(ethylene) mouldings was shown in the investigations. The mass of poly(ethylene) mouldings is dependent on the holding pressure.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

A. Kalwik
1
ORCID: ORCID
R. Humienny
1
ORCID: ORCID
K. Mordal
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Technology and Automation, 21 Armii Krajowej Av., 42- 201 Czestochowa, Poland

The Influence of the Processing Conditions on Changes in Physical and Structural Properties of Injection Moulded Parts Made of Polypropylene

P. Palutkiewicz A. Kalwik T. Jaruga
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 4 | 1513-1518 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146217
Keywords injection moulding polypropylene shrinkage degree of crystallinity
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The injection moulding conditions may change the degree of crystallinity of the plastic to some extent, which affects the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and hardness. Moreover, the cooling conditions of the moulded parts may contribute to changes in their shrinkage. The paper presents the results of determination of the melting enthalpy of a polypropylene. The melting enthalpy ∆ Hm was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. It was found, that the value of the melting enthalpy depends on the physical conditions prevailing during the sample production process, such as the temperature of the liquid material, the cooling rate of the plastic (related to the mould temperature Tm) and the flow rate of the plastic in the mould. The degree of crystallinity of the obtained samples was also determined, which, depending on the measured enthalpy of fusion, influences the degree of structural order of the polymer. Standardized test samples were also analysed in terms of transversal shrinkage and longitudinal shrinkage. The shrinkage of the injection moulded parts results from the change of physical state of plastic during its solidification in the mould.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

P. Palutkiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
A. Kalwik
1
ORCID: ORCID
T. Jaruga
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Technology and Automation, 19C Armii Krajowej Av., 42- 201 Czestochowa, Poland

Numerical Modelling of Microcellular Foaming Injection Moulding

J. Nabiałek T. Jaruga
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2024 | vol. 69 | No 1 | 343-346 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2024.149099
Keywords modelling simulation injection moulding Moldflow MuCell®
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The results of computer modelling of an injection moulding process with microcellular foaming (MuCell®) were presented in this work. The process is based on the dissolving nitrogen in a liquid polymer which is possible when nitrogen is in supercritical fluid state (SCF). After pressure drop of the melt in the injection mould the intensive nucleation of pores occurs and, as the result, the material with high concentration of small pores is created. The pores obtained in this way are of much smaller size than in a conventional foaming process. The pore size in the cross-section of an exemplary injection moulded part was calculated in the computer modelling and compared to the results of microscopical investigation made on the real injection moulded part. It was found that the size of the pores depends on the flow length inside the injection mould and on the position in the part’s cross-section.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

J. Nabiałek
1
ORCID: ORCID
T. Jaruga
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, 21 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland

Analysis of the Influence of the Mould Temperature in the Weld Line Areas on Strength of the Injection Mouldings

R. Humienny P. Postawa A. Kalwik
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 1 | 325-331 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137762
Keywords strength injection moulding mould temperature Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The weld lines that occur in injection mouldings are critical areas on which depends on the strength of the mouldings. The flow of the material in the injection mould takes place through the gate and then gradually in the mould cavity. Depending on the shape of the formed object, the weld line may or may not occur. In the case of spreading of plastic streams or bypassing obstacles in the form of cores in the mould, the joining lines run down. Most often, the strength of the moulded part is the lowest in these areas and the resulting lines can cause cracking. The aim of the research presented in the publication was to evaluate the properties of particular parts of mouldings obtained from an experimental injection mould equipped with 4 weld line areas. The tests were performed using the method of thermal analysis by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis DMA. Tensile tests were performed on the parts with weld areas and the maximum crack force was determined. The morphology of the obtained fractures was observed using an optical microscope.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

R. Humienny
1
ORCID: ORCID
P. Postawa
1
ORCID: ORCID
A. Kalwik
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Technology and Automation, 21 Armii Krajowej Av., 42- 201 Czestochowa, Poland

Application of Ceramic Injection Moulding and Pressure Infiltration to the Manufacturing of Alumina/AlSi10Mg Composites

G. Matula
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2018 | vol. 63 | No 4 | 2101-2106 | DOI: 10.24425/123830
Keywords composite materials pressure infiltration ceramic injection moulding aluminium alloy Al2O3
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Ceramic injection moulding and gas pressure infiltration were employed for the manufacturing of alumina/AlSi10Mg composites. Porous ceramic preforms were prepared by mixing alumina powder with a multi-binder system and injection moulding of the powder polymer slurry. Then, the organic part was removed through a combination of solvent and thermal debinding, and the materials were finally sintered at different temperatures. The ceramic preforms manufactured in this way were infiltrated by an AlSi10Mg alloy. The microstructure and properties of the manufactured materials were examined using scanning electron microscopy, mercury porosimetry and bending strength testing. The results of transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations show that the fabricated composite materials are characterised by the percolation type of the microstructure and a lack of unfilled pores with good cohesion at the metal-ceramic interfaces. This is surprising considering that over 30% of the pores are smaller than 1 μm. The results show that the bending strength of the obtained composites decreased with increasing sintering temperature of the porous preforms.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

G. Matula

Optimization of Injection Moulding Process via Design of Experiment (DOE) Method based on Rice Husk (RH) Reinforced Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Composite Properties

Haliza Jaya Nik Noriman Zulkepli Mohd Firdaus Omar Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim Marcin Nabiałek Kinga Jeż Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 2 | 719-727 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137810
Keywords injection moulding Design of Experiments (DOE) Central Composite Design response surface methodology (RSM) shrinkage tensile strength
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Optimal parameters setting of injection moulding (IM) machine critically effects productivity, quality, and cost production of end products in manufacturing industries. Previously, trial and error method were the most common method for the production engineers to meet the optimal process injection moulding parameter setting. Inappropriate injection moulding machine parameter settings can lead to poor production and quality of a product. Therefore, this study was purposefully carried out to overcome those uncertainty. This paper presents a statistical technique on the optimization of injection moulding process parameters through central composite design (CCD). In this study, an understanding of the injection moulding process and consequently its optimization is carried out by CCD based on three parameters (melt temperature, packing pressure, and cooling time) which influence the shrinkage and tensile strength of rice husk (RH) reinforced low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites. Statistical results and analysis are used to provide better interpretation of the experiment. The models are form from analysis of variance (ANOVA) method and the model passed the tests for normality and independence assumptions.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Haliza Jaya
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Nik Noriman Zulkepli
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Firdaus Omar
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim
1 3
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabiałek
4
ORCID: ORCID
Kinga Jeż
4
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CeGeoGTech), 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
  2. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Kompleks Pengajian Jejawi 2, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
  3. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Kampus Alam Pauh Putra, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
  4. Częstochowa University of Technology, Department of Physics, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland

Influence of Flame Retardant and Processing Conditions on Selected Properties of Mouldings Made of ABS

M. Trzaskalska
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1381-1386 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141065
Keywords injection moulding ABS PS TiO2 flame retardant mechanical properties
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Thanks to dyeing of polymers, the possibilities of their use are constantly increasing. It is equally important to use additives that will have several functions. A perfect example is titanium dioxide used as an optical brightener and a flame retardant at the same time. Mostly it is used in the form of a powder. However, there are no studies where TiO2 is used as a colourbatch based on the different polymer matrix.
The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of titanium white in the form of colourbatch on the flammability and selected properties of mouldings produced in various processing conditions. Colourbatch based on PS matrix, was used in the research. The variable processing parameters were: injection temperature Tw, volume flow rate Vw, residence time and the addition of a colourbatch. On the basis of the measurements, it was found that the processing conditions and the addition of the colourbatch have low effect on the hardness of the mouldings, which was in the range from 75.59o Sh D (Shore type D) to 81.95o Sh D. It was also noted that the addition of colourbatch with TiO2 and increasing injection temperature reduces impact strength even by several dozen percent. Moreover, it was found that use of TiO2 causes a delay in the ignitability of the samples in selected cases. It is difficult to determine whether the variable processing conditions or the addition of TiO2 on the PS matrix have a greater impact on the ignitability of the moulded parts.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

M. Trzaskalska
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Technology and Automation, 21 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more