The emergence of solar cells on flexible and bendable substrates has made the printing process a ubiquitous tool for the fabrication of these devices. The various printing techniques available now such as inkjet, screen and flexography offer cost- effectiveness, user-friendliness and suitability for mass production. While downscaling the fill factor and efficiency of organic solar cells. A multilayered structure, the combination of different printing techniques avails the variety of thickness and resolution required for each layer in the production of an organic solar cell. In this review article, we discuss the suitability of the inkjet and screen printing processes to produce organic solar cells. We also discuss various challenges involved in the fabrication of organic solar cells using these two techniques and the possible solutions for the same. We also provide an analogy that both processes share. Further, we consider future possibilities of combining these printing technologies to produce organic solar cells to improve device performance.

In the paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of interdigital electrodes fabrication with the usage of inkjet printing technology. The emphasis was put to obtain better shape quality and lower spacing between electrodes with respect to typical printing process. The paper presents an analysis of the main factors that have an influence on the dimension and quality of printed structures and proposes two methods that allow eliminating the main problems. The first proposed method is based on controlling the time between patterning of successive drops. While the second method is based on changing the design methods considering printing orientation. Both methods do not require any additional technological processes or the use of any special surface preparation methods. Finally, the obtained results and conclusions were presented and discussed.

In this paper the problem of resistance measurement of ultrathin conductive lines on dielectric substrates dedicated for printing electronic industry is discussed. The measured line is transformed in a non-invasive way into a resonance circuit. By using a magnetic coupling between the source line and the tested line, the resistance measurement can be performed non-invasively, i:e. without a mechanical contact. The proposed contactless resistance measurement method is based on the resonance quality factor estimation and it is an example of the inverse problem in metrology.