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Assessment of groundwater vulnerability mapping methods for sustainable water resource management: An overview

Simeneh Shiferaw Moges Megersa Olumana Dinka
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 52 | 186-198 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.140389
Keywords aquifer vulnerability groundwater intrinsic vulnerability specific vulnerability vulnerability assessment methods
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Abstract

Groundwater is a vital resource for domestic, agricultural, and industrial activities, as well as for ecosystem services. Despite this, the resource is under significant threat, due to increasing contamination from anthropogenic activities. Therefore, to ensure its reliability for present and future use, effective management of groundwater is important not only in terms of quantity (i.e. abstraction) but also quality. This can be achieved by identifying areas that are more vulnerable to contamination and by implementing protective measures. To identify the risk and delineate areas that are more exposed to pollution, various groundwater vulnerability assessment techniques have been developed across the globe. This paper presents an overview of some of the commonly used groundwater vulnerability assessment models in terms of their unique features and their application. Special emphasis is placed on statistical methods and overlay-index techniques. The assessment of the literature shows that statistical methods are limited in application to the assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution because they rely heavily on the availability of sufficient and quality data. However, in areas where extensive monitoring data are available, these methods estimate groundwater vulnerability more realistically in quantitative terms. Many works of research indicate that index-overlay methods are used extensively and frequently in groundwater vulnerability assessments. Due to the qualitative nature of these models, however, they are still subject to modification. This study offers an overview of a selection of relevant groundwater vulnerability assessment techniques under a specificset of hydro-climatic and hydrogeological conditions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Simeneh Shiferaw Moges
1
ORCID: ORCID
Megersa Olumana Dinka
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Johannesburg, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Department of Civil Engineering Sciences, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa

Assessment of characteristics, water quality and groundwater vulnerability in Pakis District, East Java Province, Indonesia

Prasetyo Rubiantoro Mohammad Bisri Aminudin Afandhi
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 52 | 124-132 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.140382
Keywords geoelectric groundwater intrinsic vulnerability pollution quality of groundwater specific vulnerability
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Abstract

Groundwater is a very important natural resource to support the activities of the residents of Pakis District, Malang Regency. On the other hand, increased activity puts pressure on groundwater quality. Agricultural intensification, urbanisation, and industrialisation can be sources of pollutants. Hydrological factors, topography, lithology, and surrounding rainfall are triggers for contamination of groundwater. The main objective of this research is to determine the characteristics, quality of groundwater, and its susceptibility to pollution. To complete this research, geoelectric measurements were carried out at 43 points spread throughout the study area and sampling of 18 shallow wells in agricultural, residential, and industrial areas for chemical analysis. All data obtained were analysed to create a map of the spatial distribution of groundwater vulnerability. The results show that the groundwater in the study location is in the transition zone and flows through the volcanic rock layers. The level of groundwater pollution is in the uncontaminated status to heavily polluted with pollutants in the form of heavy metal manganese and Escherichia coli bacteria. The spatial distribution of groundwater intrinsic vulnerability shows low, moderate, and high levels of vulnerability, respectively 32.99%, 60.87%, and 6.14% of the research area. Groundwater specific vulnerability associated with land use factors shows that 26.25% are negligible, 42.46% are low, and 31.29% are moderate. From this it can be concluded that the study area has been polluted both geogenically and anthropogenically, therefore, special actions must be taken to restore the quality of groundwater.
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Authors and Affiliations

Prasetyo Rubiantoro
1
Mohammad Bisri
1
Aminudin Afandhi
1
  1. Universitas Brawijaya, Postgraduate Program, Jalan Veteran, Malang 65142, Indonesia

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