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Abstract

Zjawisko tąpnięcia występujące w kopalniach węgla kamiennego wynika z wielu czynników naturalnych cechujących skały oraz czynników technicznych związanych z technologią i intensywnością eksploatacji. W artykule przeprowadzono analizę statystyczną i badania korelacyjne wybranych parametrów, w 129 miejscach polskich kopalń Górnośląskiego Zagłębia Węglowego, w których odnotowano tąpnięcia. Wyselekcjonowano „mierzalne” i najbardziej kształtujące stan zagrożenia tąpaniami parametry, tj: głębokość eksploatowanego pokładu, w którym odnotowano skutki tąpnięć (Ht), grubość warstwy wstrząsogennej (Hww) oraz skalę ich odziaływania w postaci minimalnej odległości od pokładu, pomiędzy ogniskiem a skutkiem wstrząsu sejsmicznego (Hos). Do analizy tych parametrów wybrano korelację liniową Pearsona oraz korelację rangową S pearmana. Analiza 129 przypadków tąpnięć pozwoliła na weryfikację wzajemnego wpływu wartości oraz rang rozpatrywanych parametrów na stan zagrożenia tymi zjawiskami. Badanie korelacyjne Pearsona wykazało słabą zależność liniową pomiędzy parametrem głębokości eksploatacji pokładu (Ht) i minimalną odległością pomiędzy ogniskiem a skutkiem wstrząsu powodującego tąpnięcia (Hos). Współzależności liniowe pozostałych parametrów nie spełniły warunku istotności korelacji. Korelacja nieliniowa S pearmana wykazała słabą korelację parametrów: minimalnej odległości od pokładu pomiędzy ogniskiem a skutkiem wstrząsu sejsmicznego (Hos) oraz grubością warstwy wstrząsogennej (Hww), a także nikłą zależność pomiędzy pozostałymi parametrami. Celem pracy była weryfikacja czynników kształtujących stan zagrożenia tąpaniami, występujących w Metodzie Rozeznania Górniczego (MRG str. 3. L.p. 1 i 4)), opublikowanej w roku 2007 w postaci Instrukcji Nr 20 pt.: „Zasady stosowania metody kompleksowej i metod szczegółowych oceny stanu zagrożenia tąpaniami w kopalniach węgla kamiennego”. MRG wskazuje na określoną wartość punktową każdego zdefiniowanego czynnika w poszczególnych zakresach ich zmienności. Proponowane zmiany, nie naruszając istoty i podstawowych złożeń MRG, wskazują na możliwość powtarzalności niektórych parametrów, które mogą wpływać na stan zagrożenia tąpaniami, a które za względu na charakter górotworu są „niezmienialne” i określane jako m.in. podstawowe czynniki geologiczne złoża.

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Authors and Affiliations

Renata Patyńska
Anna Pajdak
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Abstract

The research of development capabilities is a fundamental of strategic issues, which has to be taken into consideration by coal mines. This is particularly difficult in the current environment, which is determined by its crisis situation. In such conditions, it is necessary to take difficult decisions, and serious, strategic challenges into account, which allow for the crisis to be overcome, for the renewal and economic effectiveness of the operation of these coal mines, which have potential to grow, and closing the coal mines, which have not potential to grow. Due to the effects of such decisions, which concern not only coal mines but also the Silesian region, it is essential to prepare information to support them and promote rational choices. This is related to the issue of research for development possibilities. The article presents considerations related to the subject of research for development possibilities of coal mines in a crisis situation. Taking the results of literature study into account, the model of research process was developed, and identified the research issues concerning the following:

- the identification of external factors which determine the possibility of development of the Polish mines and drawing a schedule of their changes in the future,

- the identification of internal factors which determine the possibility of development of the Polish mines,

- developing a way for the assessment of the development potential of the coal mines, to show appropriate strategic options and action programmes for these options,

- determining possible strategic options and corresponding schedules, appropriate for the specific nature of the mines.

The proposition of their solutions, which were obtained in the process of using the specific methods and research tools, allowed the guidelines in terms of research of development capabilities of coal mines to be presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jolanta Bijańska
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Abstract

The underground mining of coal deposits in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (GZW) re-sults in an imbalance in the distribution of the stress in the rock mass, both in the immediate and distant surroundings of mining excavations. The occurrence of seismic tremors, among others, is the consequence of this process,. The intensities of seismic phenomena, which occur in several regions of the GZW (Bytomian Basin, Main Saddle, Main Basin, Kazimierzowska Basin, and the Jejkowice Basin) are very diverse, ranging from tremors unrecognizable by humans to strong tremors of the nature of weak earthquakes (Patyńska and Stec 2017). During the period of 15 years, i.e. from 2001 to 2015, the level of seismic activity changed and de-pended on both the intensity of the excavation work and the variability of the lithological and tectonic structures. On the other hand, the seismic activity analysis has shown that in recent years, despite a decrease in total output, seismic activity and rockburst hazard have increased. One of the rea-sons was the increase in mining output. Almost half of the output came from coal seams under the rockburst hazard. This resulted in an increase in the number of great energy tremors with the energy of 107, 108 and 109 J. It has been shown that the amount of energy tremors has a high impact on the level of the rockburst hazard. Between 2001 and 2015, as many as 20 rockburst were caused by seismic tremors above 107 J with 42 total phenomena (Patyńska 2002–2016). The purpose of characterizing the causes of this phenomenon was determined by the parameters characterizing the structure of the rock mass in places where the rockburst was recorded.

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Authors and Affiliations

Renata Patyńska
Krystyna Stec
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Abstract

According to various sources, between approximately 8.5 and even 10 million tons of Russian coal entered Polish market in 2022, which was mainly used for heating purposes by heating companies and private households (especially in the northern regions of the country). A ban on the continuation of these imports requires the identification of other sources of fuel – these could be either imports from other countries or an increase in mining volumes by domestic mines. However, both of these alternatives require a certain amount of time to be realized. Finding new foreign suppliers entails new contracts, which can be all the more difficult as many other countries, like Poland, no longer want to buy Russian coal. And then there is the issue of negotiating appropriate prices.
A possible decision to increase domestic mining is linked to other problems. This requires, first and foremost, that new portions of the deposits that could be mined be made available and cut in advance, which often entails several years of underground roadworks and significant financial outlays for their implementation and for the appropriate technical equipment of the newly prepared mining faces. With appropriate financial support from the state, this may be possible but not in every mine as there are a number of other considerations that determine the volume of extraction that can be achieved, particularly if there is a desire to increase it.
The aim of this publication is to present, analyse and identify factors that directly influence the volume of hard coal production, taking into account the dynamically changing market environment.
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Authors and Affiliations

Patrycja Bąk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marian Turek
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Krakow, Poland
  2. Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland

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