Search results

Filters

  • Journals
  • Authors
  • Keywords
  • Date
  • Type

Search results

Number of results: 7
items per page: 25 50 75
Sort by:
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Two highly sensitive optical sensor topologies are proposed and simulated in this paper. The proposed structures are optimized to provide better performance characteristics such as sensitivity, detection limit, and quality factor. They are based on two-dimensional photonic crystals consisting of rectangular arrays of GaAs rods in SiO2 substrates. Such lattices have bandgaps for transverse magnetic modes. Two-dimensional finite difference time domain and plane wave expansion methods are used for the simulation and analysis of the refractive index sensors and particle swarm optimization method is used to optimize the structural parameters. The designed structures show a high sensitivity to refractive index variations. They are able to detect refractive indices from 1.33 to 1.5. An excellent figure of merit equal to 737 RIU−1 is observed for the proposed structure and a significant improvement is observed compared to the structures reported in the literature.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

F. Rahman-Zadeh
M. Danaie
H. Kaatuzian
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Since drug companies are driven by the need to produce profit they are unwilling to make large investments in the development of new drugs if there is no market large enough to justify such investment. For this reason, veterinarians face a major obstacle – the veterinary drug market is not very profitable, which sometimes leads to not having a licensed drug available for treatment in veterinary practice. In this case, the cascade procedure allows veterinarians to, under certain circumstances, prescribe human approved drugs. The aim of our study was to analyze the pattern of human approved drugs prescription for 150 medical records of dogs participating in the survey. The results show that antimicrobial agents were the most commonly prescribed drugs for animals (50%) of all human approved drugs, and beta-lactams (38.6%) were the most widely used antibiotic classes. The most common general conditions for therapeutic use of antimicrobials in this study were digestive, skin and respiratory disorders. Our study shows that the frequency of bacterial culture, susceptibility testing and cytology was very low. Even though the off-label use of human approved drugs in animal practice is regulated by law, the results of this study indicate the need for more specific strategies and guidelines for such use. This may represent a potential for improvement by raising veterinarians’ awareness toward more prudent use of human drugs.
Go to article

Bibliography


Anonymous (2001) Directive 2001/82/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 November 2001 on the Community Code Re-lating to Veterinary Medicinal Pro- ducts. Official Journal L, 311, 28/11/2001, pp 1-66.
Anonymous (2012) Law on medicines and medical devices Republic of Serbia (“Official Gazette of RS”, No. 30/2010, 107/2012 other law and 113/2017 – other law). Available from: https://www.alims.gov.rs/eng/regulations/law-on-medicines-and-medical-devices/ (Accessed: 15.12.2020)
Anonymous (2015) Guidelines for the prudent use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine (2015/C 299/04). Official Journal of the European Union. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/antimicrobial _resistance/docs/2015_prudent_use_guidelines_en.pdf (Ac-cessed: 20.01.2021)
Beco L, Guaguère E, Méndez C, Noli C, Nuttall T, Vroom M (2013) Suggested guidelines for using systemic antimicrobials in bacterial skin infections: part 2- antimicrobial choice, treatment regimens and compliance. Vet Rec 172: 156-160.
Bergvall K, Greko C, Ingman J, Larsson CI, Mannerfelt T, Odensvik K, Pelander L, Sjöström L, Holst BS, Weidman A, Wellander M (2009) Guidelines for the clinical use of antibiotics in the treatment of dogs and cats. Swedish Veterinary Association. Available from: https://www.svf.se/media/jzqbjer5/policy-ab-english-dogs-and-cats.pdf (Accessed: 10.09.2020).
De Briyne N, Atkinson J, Pokludová L, Borriello SP (2014) Antibiotics used most commonly to treat animals in Europe. Vet Rec 175: 325.
EMA/CVMP (2017) Reflection paper on off-label use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine in The European Union. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en (Accessed: 6.12.2020).
Escher M, Vanni M, Intorre L, Caprioli A, Tognetti R, Scavia G (2011) Use of antimicrobials in companion animal practice: a retrospective study in a veterinary teaching hospital in Italy. J Antimicrob Chemother 66: 920-927.
Filipovic D (2008) Humani lekovi – ad us. vet. Serbian association of small animal practitioners. Available from: www.sasap.org.rs (in Ser-bian) (Accessed 10.11.2020).
Gómez-Poveda B, Moreno MA (2018) Antimicrobial Prescriptions for Dogs in the Capital Of Spain. Front Vet Sci 5: 309.
Hardefeldt LY, Holloway S, Trott DJ, Shipstone M, Barrs VR, Malik R, Burrows M, Armstrong S, Browning GF, Stevenson M (2017) Antimicrobial Prescribing in Dogs and Cats in Australia: Results of the Australasian Infectious Disease Advisory Panel Survey. J Vet Intern Med 31: 1100-1107.
Holloway S, Trott D, Shipstone M, Barrs V, Malik R, Burrows M (2013) Antibiotic prescribing detailed guidelines. Australian Infectious Diseases Advisory Panel. Available from: http://www.ava.com.au/sites/default/files/AVA_website/pdfs/AIDAPguidelines.pdf. (Accessed 25.12.2020).
Hölsö,K, Rantala M, Lillas A, Eerikäinen S, Huovinen P, Kaartinen L (2005) Prescribing Antimicrobal Agents for Dogs and Cats via Univer-sity Pharmacies in Finland – Patterns and Quality of Information. Acta Vet Scand 46: 87-93.
Joosten P, Ceccarelli D, Oden E, Sarrazin S, Graveland H, Van Gompel L, Battisti A, Caprioli A, Franco A, Wagenaar JA, Mevius D, Dewulf J (2020) Antimicrobial usage and resistance in companion animals: a cross- -sectional study in three European countries. Antibiotics (Basel) 9: 87.
Jessen LR, Damborg P, Spohr A, Goericke-Pesch S, Langhorn R, Houser G, Willesen J, Schjærff M, Eriksen T, Sørensen TM, Jensen VF, Obling F, Guardabassi L (2019) Anti- biotic use guidelines for companion animal practice, 2nd ed., Companion Animal Group, Danish Veterinary Association.
Lappin MR, Blondeau J, Boothe D, Breitschwerdt EB, Guardabassi L, Lloyd DH, Papich MG, Rankin SC, Sykes JE, Turnidge J, Weese JS (2017) Antimicrobial use Guidelines for Treatment of Respiratory Tract Disease in Dogs and Cats: Antimicrobal Guidelines Working Group of the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases. J Vet Intern Med 31: 279-294.
Lehner C, Hubbuch A, Schmitt K, Schuepbach-Regula G, Willi B, Mevissen M, Peter R, Muentener CR, Naegeli H, Schuller S (2020) Effect of antimicrobial stewardship on antimicrobial prescriptions for selected diseases of dogs in Switzerland. J Vet Intern Med 34: 2418-2431.
Lutz B, Lehner C, Schmitt K, Willi B, Schüpbach G, Mevissen M, Peter R, Müntener C, Naegeli H, Schuller S (2020) Antimicrobial prescrip-tions and adherence to prudent use guidelines for selected canine diseases in Switzerland in 2016. Vet Rec Open 7: e000370.
Murphy CP, Reid-Smith RJ, Boerlin P, Weese JS, Prescott JF, Janecko N, McEwen SA (2012) Out-patient antimicrobial drug use in dogs and cats for new disease events from community companion animal practices in Ontario. Can Vet J 53: 291-298.
Odensvik K, Grave K, Greko C (2001) Antibacterial Drugs Prescribed for Dogs and Cats in Sweden and Norway 1990-1998. Acta Vet Scand 42: 189-198.
Pomba, C, Rantala M, Greko C, Baptiste KE, Catry B, Van Duijkeren E, Mateus A, Moreno MA, Pyörälä S, Ružauskas M, Sanders P Teale C, Threlfall EJ, Kunsagi Z, Torren-Edo J, Jukes H, Törneke K (2017) Public health risk of antimicrobial resistance transfer from companion animals. J Antimicrob Chemother 72: 957-968.
Rantala M, Hölsö K, Lillas A, Huovinen P, Kaartinen L (2004) Survey of condition-based prescribing of antimicrobial drugs for dogs at a veterinary teaching hospital. Vet Rec 155: 259-262.
Regula G, Torriani K, Gassner B, Stucki F, Müntener CR (2009) Prescription patterns of antimicrobials in veterinary practices in Switzerland. J Antimicrob Chemother 63: 805-811.
Robbins SN, Goggs R, Lhermie G, Lalonde-Paul DF, Menard J (2020) Antimicrobial Prescribing Practices in Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care. Front Vet Sci 7: 110.
Rollin BE (2002) An ethicist’s commentary on extra-label drug use. Can Vet J 43: 749–750.
Schwarz S, Loeffler A, Kadlec K (2017) Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents and its impact on veterinary and human medicine. Vet Dermatol 28: 82-e19.
Singleton DA, Sánchez-Vizcaíno F, Dawson S, Jones PH, Noble PJ, Pinchbeck GL, Williams NJ, Radford AD (2017) Patterns of antimicro-bial agent prescription in a sentinel population of canine and feline veterinary practices in the United Kingdom. Vet J 224: 18-24.
Tanaka N, Takizawa T, Miyamoto N, Funayama S, Tanaka R, Okano S, Iwasaki T (2017) Real world data of a veterinary teaching hospital in Japan: a pilot survey of prescribed medicines. Vet Rec Open 4: e000218.
Van Miert ASJPAM, Bogaert MG, Debeckere M (1986) The use in animals of drugs licensed for human use only. In: Comparative Veteri-nary Pharmacology, Toxicology and Theraphy. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 489-500.
World Health Organization (WHO) (2018) Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine 6th Revision. Advisory Group on Inte-grated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) Available from: https://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/antimicrobials-sixth/en/ (Accessed: 05.01.2021).
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

D. Tomanic
1
D. Stojanovic
1
B. Belić
1
I. Davidov
1
N. Novakov
1
M. Radinovic
1
N. Kladar
2
Z. Kovacevic
1

  1. University of Novi Sad, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 8, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia
  2. University of Novi Sad, Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Investigations and Quality Control/Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Contemporary design of food labels use different landscape pictures. Using the landscape in trade and market as a way of serving the message has long history and is very common. It was the main reason to create the concept of consumers landscape. According to research results two basic landscape images were observed — images of real landscape (pictures of recognizable and existing places, sites, cities, buildings, etc.) and images of imaginary landscape (imaginary view suggesting the certain type of landscape). The results of conducted researches could be helpful in recognizing the difference between real landscape and imaginary landscape. Conducted researches could be used not only in landscape architecture, but also in trade and marketing. Wide range of phenomenon called consumers landscape allows for expanding the studies on the dependency between a landscape vista and recognizing and selling the product.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Anna Gałecka-Drozda
1
Ewa De Mezer
2

  1. Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Landscape Architecture
  2. Association of Polish Landscape Architects, Greater Poland Branch
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The aim was to analyze the quality of commercial shampoo without prophylactic effect for dogs. The analysis was based on the evaluations and requirements established for human-line products since there is no guide for veterinary products in Mexico; such evaluations have not been carried out or published in Mexico. Physicochemical, sensory, performance, and consumer information tests of the shampoo were carried out. The sample consisted of twenty products marketed in Mexico City. During the evaluation of the label, a serious non-compliance with applicable regulations was found. The pH of the products ranged between 5.6 and 8.4; Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between the three groups with low (6.1), medium (7.2), and high (8.1) pH. Viscosity values were from 1131 to 3102. For the foam index, no statistically significant differences were found. 100% of the products analyzed complied with the rest of the quality tests carried out. The results of the quality analysis in this study will allow veterinarians specializing in small species to better select and recommend the products for their use and inform dog owners, about the safety, and value of the products.
Go to article

Bibliography


Ahad AH, Gorantla N, Prasadk S, Reddy T, Ragadeepika J, Hajarabi T (2013) Formulation and evaluation of herbal shampoo containing chamomile, rose and orange peel. Int J Med Pharm Res 1: 192-197.
Alquadeib BT, Eltahir EKD, Banafa RA, Hadhairi LA (2018) Pharmaceutical evaluation of different shampoo brands in local Saudi market. Saudi Pharm J 26: 98-106.
Budreckiene R, Malinskaite I, Ivaskiene M. (2016). Dogs’ Shampoos for the Coat Care. ASRJETS. 26: 224-229.
Dlujnewsky HJ, De Aguilar BL (2014) PH measurement in domestic and imported shampoos and soaps intended for use in dogs available in Venezuela. Journal of the College of Veterinary Medicine of the Lara State 7: 21-26.
FEUM, Pharmacopoeia of the United Mexican States. (2011) 10 ed., vol. 1, Health Secretary of Mexico, Mexico, pp 293, 447-48, 474-81.
INEGI. National Institute of Statistic and Geography. (2014) Subjective well-being in Mexico - BIARE extended. Mexico.
Krunali T, Dhara P, Meshram DB, Mitesh P (2013) Evaluation of standards of some selected shampoo preparation. World J Pharm Sci 2: 3622-3630.
Matousek J, Campbell K (2002) A comparative review of cutaneous pH. Vet Dermatol 13: 293-300.
Miller W, Griffin C, Campbell K (2013) Muller and Kirk’s small animal dermatology. 7th ed., St. Louis: Saunders- -Elsevier.
Oliveira FD, Favaron PO, Martins AA, Schäfer BT, Will SEAL, Neto ACA, Miglino MA (2015) The Development of the Integumentary System in Dogs. J Cytol Histol S3: 2-4.
PROFECO, Federal Consumer Prosecutor’s Office of Mexico (2009) The best shampoos and conditioners. Quality bubbles? Consumer Magazine.
Proksch E (2018) pH in nature, humans and skin. J Dermatol 45: 1044-1052.
Rigon RB, Souza RR, Souza RC, Bighetti AE, Chorilli M (2013) Development and sensory analysis of shampoo for curlyhair. Int J Pharma-cy Pharmaceutical Sci 5: 270-273.
Ríos AM, Baquero MR, Ortiz G, Ayllón T, Smith L, Rodríguez-Domínguez M, Sánchez-Díaz A (2015). Staphylococcus multiresistant to antibiotics and its importance in veterinary medicine. AVEPA 35: 149-161.
SENASICA, National Service of Agrifood Health, Safety and Quality (2000). Specifications of chemical, pharmaceutical, biological and food products for use in or consumption by animals. Technical handling of advertising material. NOM-059-ZOO-1997. Official Journal of the Fed-era- tion. México.
SENASICA, National Service of Agrifood Health, Safety and Quality (2004) Official Mexican standard, specifications for the regulation of chemical, pharmaceutical, biological and food products for use in or consumption by animals. NOM-012-ZOO-1993. Official Journal of the Federation. México.
SENASICA, National Service of Agrifood Health, Safety and Quality (2012) Regulation of the Federal Law of Animal Health, Mexico: Official Journal of the Federation. México.
SENASICA, National Service of Agrifood Health, Safety and Quality (2018) AGREEMENT that modifies the similar one that specifies non-medicated products for animal use or consumption that are deregulated, Mexico: Official Journal of the Federation. México.
SENASICA, National Service of Agrifood Health, Safety and Quality (2018) Federal law of animal health, México: Official Journal of the Federation. México.
Szczepanik MP, Wilkołek PM, Adamek ŁR, Pomorski ZJH (2011) The examination of biophysical parameters of skin (transepidermal water loss, skin hydration and pH value) in different body regions of normal cats of both sexes. J Feline Med Surg 13: 224-230.
Szczepanik MP, Wilkołek PM, Pluta M, Adamek ŁRZ, Pomorski JH (2012) The examination of biophysical parameters of skin (transepider-mal water loss, skin hydration and pH value) in different body regions of ponies. Pol J Vet Sci 15: 553-559.
Yang J (2017) Hair Care Cosmetics. In: Sakamoto K, Lochhead RY, Maibach HI, Yamashita Y (eds) Cosmetic Science and Technology. Elsevier, pp 601-615.
Young LA, Dodge JC, Guest KJ, Cline JL, Kerr WW (2002) Age, breed, sex and period effects on skin biophy- sical parameters for dogs fed canned dog food. J Nutr 132: 1695S-1697S.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

S.I. Peña-Corona
1
I. Juárez-Rodríguez
2
D. Vargas-Estrada
1
E. Amador-González
3
L. Arvizu-Tovar
2
O. Soberanis-Ramos
2

  1. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University city, without number, Coyoacán, Mexico City, 04510 Mexico
  2. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University city, without number, Coyocan, Mexico City, 04510 Mexico
  3. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University city, without number, Coyoacán, Mexico City, 04510 Mexico
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Thymus, an important central immune organ in pigs, is the site of T lymphocyte development and maturation and an important target organ for infection and replication of various pathogens. Highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) infection results in severe thymic atrophy in piglets. This study aimed to explore the effects of HP-PRRSV on the thymic structure of piglets to elucidate the pathogenesis of thymic atrophy induced by HP-PRRSV. In this study, histopathological techniques and immunofluorescence double staining techniques were used to analyze thymic tissues infected by HP-PRRSV to explore the structural changes of thymus caused by the viral infection and its target cell types. An antibody of cluster of differentiation (CD) 3 (CD3), CD20, CD80, or calgranulin + calprotectin was applied to identify T cells, B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and macrophages, respectively. The results indicated that a variety of cell components in the thymic tissue were diffusely damaged after viral infection. In the infected thymic tissue, CD80- or calgranulin + calprotectin- -labeled cells supported the HP-PRRSV infection, whereas CD3-labeled T cells and CD20- -labeled B cells did not support the viral infection. The results showed that HP-PRRSV caused the reduction of visible cell components in the thymic tissue, and the virus attacked CD80- and calgranulin + calprotectin-positive cells (such as DCs and macrophages) in the thymic tissue, which played an important role in the pathogenesis of thymus atrophy. These results lay the foundation for elucidating the immunosuppression of piglets after infection with HP-PRRSV.
Go to article

Bibliography


An TQ, Li JN, Su CM, Yoo D (2020) Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms for PRRSV Pathogenesis and Host Response to Infection. Virus Res 286: 197980.
Bikhet M, Morsi M, Hara H, Rhodes LA, Carlo WF, Cleveland D, Cooper DK, Iwase H (2020) The immune system in infants: Relevance to xenotransplantation. Pediatr Transplant 24: e13795.
Delputte PL, Costers S, Nauwynck HJ (2005) Analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus attachment and internalization: distinctive roles for heparan sulphate and sialoadhesin. J Gen Virol 86: 1441-1445.
Delputte PL, Vanderheijden N, Nauwynck HJ, Pensaert MB (2002) Involvement of the matrix protein in attachment of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus to a heparinlike receptor on porcine alveolar macrophages. J Virol 76: 4312-4320.
Duan X, Nauwynck HJ, Favoreel H, Pensaert MB (1998) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection of alveolar macrophages can be blocked by monoclonal antibodies against cell surface antigens. Adv Exp Med Biol 440: 81-88.
Gao J, Xiao S, Xiao Y, Wang X, Zhang C, Zhao Q, Nan Y, Huang B, Liu H, Liu N, Lv J, Du T, Sun Y, Mu Y, Wang G, Syed SF, Zhang G, Hiscox JA, Goodfellow I, Zhou EM (2016) MYH9 is an Essential Factor for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection. Sci Rep 6: 25120.
Han J, Zhou L, Ge X, Guo X, Yang H (2017) Pathogenesis and control of the Chinese highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Microbiol 209: 30-47.
Huang YW, Dryman BA, Li W, Meng XJ (2009) Porcine DC-SIGN: molecular cloning, gene structure, tissue distribution and binding char-acteristics. Dev Comp Immunol 33: 464-480.
Jung K, Renukaradhya GJ, Alekseev KP, Fang Y, Tang Y, Saif LJ (2009) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus modifies innate immunity and alters disease outcome in pigs subsequently infected with porcine respiratory coronavirus: implications for respiratory viral co-infections. J Gen Virol 90: 2713-2723.
Li J, Wang S, Li C, Wang C, Liu Y, Wang G, He X, Hu L, Liu Y, Cui M, Bi C, Shao Z, Wang X, Xiong T, Cai X, Huang L, Weng C (2017) Secondary Haemophilus parasuis infection enhances highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) in-fection-mediated inflammatory responses. Vet Microbiol 204: 35-42.
Li L, Zhang L, Hu Q, Zhao L, Nan Y, Hou G, Chen Y, Han X, Ren X, Zhao Q, Tao H, Sun Z, Zhang G, Wu C, Wang J, Zhou EM (2019) MYH9 Key Amino Acid Residues Identified by the Anti-Idiotypic Antibody to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Gly-coprotein 5 Involve in the Virus Internalization by Porcine Alveolar Macrophages. Viruses 12: 40.
Liang Z, Li P, Wang C, Singh D, Zhang X (2020) Visualizing the Transport of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Live Cells by Quantum Dots-Based Single Virus Tracking. Virol Sin 35: 407-416.
Liu J, Wei C, Lin Z, Fan J, Xia W, Dai A, Yang X (2019a) Recombination in lineage 1, 3, 5 and 8 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in China. Infect Genet Evol 68: 119-126.
Liu Y, Li R, Chen XX, Zhi Y, Deng R, Zhou EM, Qiao S, Zhang G (2019b) Nonmuscle Myosin Heavy Chain IIA Recognizes Sialic Acids on Sialylated RNA Viruses To Suppress Proinflammatory Responses via the DAP12-Syk Pathway. mBio 10: e00574-19.
Lunney JK, Fang Y, Ladinig A, Chen N, Li Y, Rowland B, Renukaradhya G.J (2016) Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV): Pathogenesis and Interaction with the Immune System. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 4: 129-154.
Obradovic MR, Segura M, Segales J, Gottschalk M (2021) Review of the speculative role of co-infections in Streptococcus suisassociated diseases in pigs. Vet Res 52: 49.
Pearse G (2006) Normal structure, function and histology of the thymus. Toxicol Pathol 34: 504-514.
Ramirez M, Bauermann FV, Navarro D, Rojas M, Manchego A, Nelson EA, Diel DG, Rivera H (2019) Detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) 1-7-4-type strains in Peru. Transbound Emerg Dis 66: 1107-1113.
Sampath P, Moideen K, Ranganathan UD, Bethunaickan R (2018) Monocyte Subsets: Phenotypes and Function in Tuberculosis Infection. Front Immunol 9: 1726.
Shanmukhappa K, Kim JK, Kapil S (2007) Role of CD151, A tetraspanin, in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. Virol J 4: 62.
Su CM, Rowland RRR, Yoo D (2021) Recent advances in PRRS virus receptors and the targeting of receptor- ligand for control. Vaccines (Basel) 9: 354.
Van Gorp H, Van Breedam W, Delputte PL, Nauwynck HJ (2008) Sialoadhesin and CD163 join forces during entry of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Gen Virol 89: 2943-2953.
Vanderheijden N, Delputte PL, Favoreel HW, Vandekerckhove J, Van Damme J, van Woensel PA, Nauwynck HJ (2003) Involvement of sialoadhesin in entry of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus into porcine alveolar macrophages. J Virol 77: 8207-8215.
Wang G, He Y, Tu Y, Liu Y, Zhou EM, Han Z, Jiang C, Wang S, Shi W, Cai X (2014) Comparative analysis of apoptotic changes in peripheral immune organs and lungs following experimental infection of piglets with highly pathogenic and classical porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virol J 11: 2.
Wang G, Li L, Yu Y, Tu Y, Tong J, Zhang C, Liu Y, Li Y, Han Z, Jiang C, Wang S, Zhou EM, He X, Cai X (2016) Highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and induction of apoptosis in bone marrow cells of infected piglets. J Gen Virol 97: 1356-1361.
Wang G, Yu Y, Cai X, Zhou EM, Zimmerman JJ (2020a) Effects of PRRSV Infection on the Porcine Thymus. Trends Microbiol 28: 212-223.
Wang W, Thomas R, Sizova O, Su DM (2020b) Thymic function associated with cancer development, relapse, and antitumor immunity - A mini-review. Front Immunol 11: 773.
Wensvoort G, Terpstra C, Pol JM, ter Laak EA, Bloemraad M, de Kluyver EP, Kragten C, van Buiten L, den Besten A, Wagenaar F (1991) Mystery swine disease in The Netherlands: the isolation of Lelystad virus. Vet Q 13: 121-130.
Wu Z, Zhang Z, Lei Z, Lei P (2019) CD14: Biology and role in the pathogenesis of disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 48: 24-31.
Xie J, Christiaens I, Yang B, Trus I, Devriendt B, Cui T, Wei R, Nauwynck HJ (2018) Preferential use of Siglec-1 or Siglec-10 by type 1 and type 2 PRRSV strains to infect PK15(S1-CD163) and PK15(S10-CD163) cells. Vet Res 49: 67.
Xu K, Zhou Y, Mu Y, Liu Z, Hou S, Xiong Y, Fang L, Ge C, Wei Y, Zhang X, Xu C, Che J, Fan Z, Xiang G, Guo J, Shang H, Li H, Xiao S, Li J, Li K (2020) CD163 and pAPN double-knockout pigs are resistant to PRRSV and TGEV and exhibit decreased susceptibility to PDCoV while maintaining normal production performance. Elife 9.
Zhang HL, Zhang WL, Xiang LR, Leng CL, Tian ZJ, Tang YD, Cai XH (2018) Emergence of novel porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (ORF5 RFLP 1-7-4 viruses) in China. Vet Microbiol 222: 105-108.
Zhou YJ, Hao XF, Tian ZJ, Tong GZ, Yoo D, An TQ, Zhou T, Li GX, Qiu HJ, Wei TC, Yuan XF (2008) Highly virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus emerged in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 55: 152-164.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Q. Liu
1
Y.-Y. Yu
1
H.-Y. Wang
1

  1. Nanchong Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention, Control and Detection in Livestock and Poultry, Nanchong Vocational and Technical College, Nanchong 637131, China
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The present paper describes a methodological framework developed to select a multi-label dataset transformation method in the context of supervised machine learning techniques. We explore the rectangular 2D strip-packing problem (2D-SPP), widely applied in industrial processes to cut sheet metals and paper rolls, where high-quality solutions can be found for more than one improvement heuristic, generating instances with multi-label behavior. To obtain single-label datasets, a total of five multi-label transformation methods are explored. 1000 instances were generated to represent different 2D-SPP variations found in real-world applications, labels for each instance represented by improvement heuristics were calculated, along with 19 predictors provided by problem characteristics. Finally, classification models were fitted to verify the accuracy of each multi-label transformation method. For the 2D-SPP, the single-label obtained using the exclusion method fit more accurate classification models compared to the other four multi-label transformation methods adopted.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Neuenfeldt Júnior Alvaro
Matheus Francescatto
Gabriel Stieler
David Disconzi
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Federated Learning is an upcoming concept used widely in distributed machine learning. Federated learning (FL) allows a large number of users to learn a single machine learning model together while the training data is stored on individual user devices. Nonetheless, federated learning lessens threats to data privacy. Based on iterative model averaging, our study suggests a feasible technique for the federated learning of deep networks with improved security and privacy. We also undertake a thorough empirical evaluation while taking various FL frameworks and averaging algorithms into consideration. Secure Multi Party Computation, Secure Aggregation, and Differential Privacy are implemented to improve the security and privacy in a federated learning environment. In spite of advancements, concerns over privacy remain in FL, as the weights or parameters of a trained model may reveal private information about the data used for training. Our work demonstrates that FL can be prone to label-flipping attack and a novel method to prevent label-flipping attack has been proposed. We compare standard federated model aggregation and optimization methods, FedAvg and FedProx using benchmark data sets. Experiments are implemented in two different FL frameworks - Flower and PySyft and the results are analysed. Our experiments confirm that classification accuracy increases in FL framework over a centralized model and the model performance is better after adding all the security and privacy algorithms. Our work has proved that deep learning models perform well in FL and also is secure.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

R Anusuya
D Karthika Renuka

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more