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Number of results: 19
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Abstract

Five years ago Vasilis Orfanos published an excellent monograph on the Turkish lexical borrowings attested in the Cretan dialect of Modern Greek (Orfanos 2014). In this paper the present authors increase the number of the possible Cretan Turkisms, providing and explaining additional items not listed in Orfanos’s book.

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Authors and Affiliations

Elwira Kaczyńska
Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak
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Abstract

The Polish language in Lithuania, Belorussia and Ukraine has been researched from many points of view, but it needs further studying. New material is required: records, letters, diaries, treatises, especially for researching standard Polish of the 20th century in its regional variant spoken by magnats, middle nobility, petty nobility living in villages, and by inteligentsia of cities and small towns. Also there are needed new methodological approaches to studying essential features of Polish mentioned above, which will take into account the frequent (common) traits as well as relict ones. The examination of these features will create a good base for distinguishing separate areas of the Polish language in Lithuania and Belorussia. The characteristic of vocabulary requests confrontation of words among others in synonymic pairs: native and foreign ones in register and in text, preferably based on computer text corps. To ascertain code mixing (also to find the homogenous/mixed character of the texts) it is necessary to apply both a panchronic approach (which regards all foreign elements), and a synchronic one (leaving out those foreign elements, which entered the grammatical or lexical systems of Polish). The paper proposes some ways for solving these problems

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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Rieger
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Abstract

The origin of Proto-Slavic palatal(ized) consonants has interested many linguists. Some of them have tried to connect palatality and velarity of Slavic consonants with the influence of Turkic consonant palatalization or velarization dependent on vowel harmony. This paper is a first study allowing for Turkological point of view and striving to show that there still are many doubts about the Proto- -Turkic influence on Proto-Slavic.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Stachowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Slavic Studies, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

Generally only one aspect of Slavic‑Turkish language contact has regularly been discussed in linguistics, viz. the Turkish influence on Slavic vocabulary. Results of impact in the opposite direction, i.e. Slavic loanwords in Turkish are only sporadically the subject of linguistic investigation. The present paper brings a collection of Slavic words in two Turkish dialects in western Bulgaria. Even this modest set of words clearly shows differences between the two areas. Suffice it to say that only two words in this collection, kr(ă) čma ‘inn, tavern’ and pux ‘down, pile, floccus, undercoat’, are attested both in the northern and the southern part of western Bulgaria.
The paper is of experimental character. Its aim is to see how Slavic loanwords in Turkish dialects in the Balkans (using the example of western Bulgaria) can be presented in a comparative dictionary.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Stachowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Slavonic Studies, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

The text discusses words occurring in the Polish-East Slavic borderlands and prevalent in eastern Polish dialects. Differntiation between old references and loans in this area is not always easy. The material presented here is very diverse. In the case of certain words, identifying them as East Slavic loans with an indisputable source is possible, while in the case of others it is difficult to identify the direct source of the loan. Among the words recorded in the East Slavic borderlands we can find those whose range in Polish dialects seems to indicate the possibility of Ruthenian influence; however, their Polish phonetic form implies their native origin and one should speak about an old reference in this respect. We also encounter Pan-Slavic words, where a doubt arises as to whether they are loans or old references in Polish in the East Slavic area and Eastern Poland.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Krystyna Rembiszewska
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Siatkowski
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

This article presents the essential information about the Polish language variety in Stubno, a village located about 20 km north-east of Przemyśl, close to the border with Ukraine. Until 1945, the village was inhabited by Poles, Ukrainians and Jews. A significant part of the paper is devoted to some passages authored by one M.W,. a woman who lived in Stubno in 1924-2004 and kept records in her personal journals from 1981 and until her death. In this case, her parents were Poles, but maternal grandparents were of Ukrainian descent. The author of the analysed texts received primary education only, worked on a farm and raised children and never left the village for long periods of time. Also, the notes contain a number of information concerning mostly farming and significant events of both the country’s and the world’s history. In addition, the texts include a language commentary on the most important phonetic, morphologic, word-formation, syntactic and lexical features of the local variety that occurred in the records. Furthermore, the notes provide answers to some questions about regional features of the Southern Kresy (present-day Ukraine) as reflected in the language of native inhabitants including the extent of the influence of Ukrainian, together with its local variety of the Nadsannia region.

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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Dzierżawin
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Abstract

To study language contact in the Polish-East Slavic borderland, we employ extensive subdialect records from atlases, dictionaries, monographic studies, and various file collections. Significantly, however, all of the above lack historical information about the words they contain. Such data can be obtained by using local names and by taking into account all pan-Slavic references. Such comparisons justify the conclusion that historically many of the presented names extended far further westward than is indicated by typically used materials, mainly from the 20th century, though much less frequently from the second half of the 19th century. This sheds new light on the problem of whether the names in question are loan words, naturally older than had previously been thought, or rather relics of former regional convergence, covering the broad Polish-Russian language borderland, and constituting the Mazovian-Russian community.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Krystyna Rembiszewska
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Siatkowski
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

This study utilizes semiotics to analyze Italian loanwords in Kyoto by focusing on their form and context of appearance. It commences by reviewing previous research on Italian loanwords in Japanese. Subsequently, a corpus of images featuring Italian loanwords, collected in Kyoto during 2022, is presented. The corpus serves as the basis for a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative linguistic analysis, allowing for a comparison with the findings of earlier research studies.
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Authors and Affiliations

Simone Causa
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Università di Napoli L’Orientale
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Abstract

The article attempts to differentiate, on the basis of selected words recorded in the Polish-East Slavic borderland, whether we are dealing with language loans or old references. The analysis takes into account e.g. ethymological, morphological and geographical criteria. The study focuses on the following words: cot ‘an even number’, czapigi, czepigi ‘plough handle’, had ‘an abominable animal’ and hydzić się ‘loathe’, ‘abhor’, ‘denigrate’, kosiec ‘scyther’, liszka ‘an odd number’, liszny/liszni ‘superfluous’, ‘supernumerary’, przewiąsło ‘a straw belt to tie sheaths siewiec ‘sower’, śloza ‘tear’, żeniec ‘harvester’, żenich, żeniuch ‘bridegroom’, ‘fiancé’, żnieja ‘female harvester’. Recognition as borrowings may be based on those word forms where phonetic elements characteristic of other languages, unknown in Polish, occur. Analysis of certain words has revealed the occurrence of Proto-Slavic and all- -Slavic words, preserved in the Polish language as relics, in peripheral areas. In some cases, it is difficult to make clear-cut decisions, because, for example, the stem of the word is a continuation of the Proto-Slavic forms, to be found in the Polish language, while the derivatives are borrowings.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Krystyna Rembiszewska
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Siatkowski
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The author reviews the latest book by Leszek Bednarczuk devoted to the beginnings and the borderlands of the Polish language. The book under review deals with a wide array of topics related to the prehistory and history of Polish taken in its relation to Indo-European and the neighboring languages, the borderland varieties of Polish, and the linguistic vicissitudes of the Christianization of Poland.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrii Danylenko
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Abstract

Two types of names for ‘Turkish delight’ are known in the Slavic languages: rahat-lokum ~ ratluk, and lokum. Even though most etymological dictionaries derive them from the same Arabo-Turkish etymon, their different structures are not discussed and the phonetic differences not explained. The aim of this paper is to establish the relative chronology of changes made to the original phrase, as well as to point out some problems which still remain more or less obscure.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Stachowski
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Analogy and language contact represent endogenous and exogenous factors of language change. Although both processes have been discussed in the realm of Arabic dialectology, they are usually treated as two unrelated scenarios. The central question that this study posits is whether those are two functionally independent phenomena, or they can operate synergetically. The primary focus of this paper is two typologically distinct Jewish dialects, i.e. sedentary Gabes (Southern Tunisia), and exhibiting numerous Bedouin features Wad-Souf (Eastern Algeria). Based on new data obtained from fieldwork, this paper accounts for five cases of grammar evolution within verb morphology and syntax through the lens of analogy and language contact. It raises the possibility that under certain circumstances, language change can occur at the intersection of endogenous and exogenous factors.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wiktor Gębski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Abstract

Following G. Bellmann, the article divides the German loanwords in Czech and Slovak roughly into two groups, namely those lexical units that represent a basic code extension (= type A) and those that are used immediately after adoption as (approximately) synonymous lexical duplicates of already existing designations (= type B). While type A words have the best chances of lasting integration, type B words elicit a competitive situation between old and new designations, which can result in substitution, negative integration or semantic diversification. Furthermore, the paper deals with idiosyncrasies of German loanword integration such as the expressiveness of German loanwords in Czech and Slovak and the emotional attitude towards German loanwords in those languages. The article also discusses the causality of displacement and substitution of German loanwords, subsequently elaborates on the loss of terms and realities, the change in domain-specific language use, the role of language awareness and language culture, the loss of immediate contact areas as well as the question of prestige, and concludes with an outlook on future developments.

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Authors and Affiliations

Stefan Michael Newerkla
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Abstract

The text discusses the question of Polish and Eastern Slavic origin of the words: (h)uzer, uzior ‘lower part of a sheaf of corn’, huzica ‘bird's rump’, huzno ‘bird's rump’. The relic forms of words * gǫzyrь, * gǫzerь with a nasal vowel can be found in the dialects of Southern Borderlands and in Chełm region. In this area they were originally shared by Polish and Ruthenian languages. Forms containing u: * guzуrь, * guzerь appearing in the Polish language should be ascribed to the mutual impact of Ruthenian languages, even though they may have been originally Polish, too. The influence of the Ruthenian language is evident in the commonplace h‑ (< g) in word‑initial position, e.g. huzno, huzica, huzer, huzir, etc., as well as in infrequent shift towards u̯ and v, e.g. u̯uźor, u̯uźoro, vuźur. The occasional g in Eastern Slavic vernacular languages of the Białystok region – guzerye, due to the opaque formation, does not seem a manifestation of phonetic Polonization.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Krystyna Rembiszewska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Siatkowski
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. The Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
  2. University of Warsaw, Institute of Western and Southern Slavic Studies, Warszawa, Poland (em.)
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Abstract

The paper focuses on the Old Polish word kryłos, which was attested twice in court records from Przemyśl in the 15th century. Some existing hypotheses about the word origin and meaning are mentioned, although it has not been discussed before in a satisfactory way. A detailed study of the word’s etymology (concerning Old Ukrainian, Old Russian and Greek) and a precise analysis of the attestations enables us to determine its meaning, different from the meaning proposed in the Dictionary of Old Polish ( Słownik staropolski).
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan German
1

  1. Doctoral School in the Humanities, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland (PhD Student)
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Abstract

The article is a successive part of the considerations on language contacts in relation to lexis. Analysed are words characteristic of the Polish‑Eastern Slavic borderland, where it is difficult to unequivocally decide whether they are borrowings, references, or examples of the shared Slavic heritage. The following names were interpreted in this respect: binduga ‘a place by the river where wood is deposited for floating, rafts are made and launched’, chaszcze ‘thicket, bushes, scrub’, chudoba ‘livestock’, chusta ‘a sheet of linen or other clothing fabric’, chusty ‘linen (to be washed)’; chołosznie ‘trousers’, kołosza, chołosza ‘trouser leg’, łukno and ustaw ‘vessels for honey storage’ and at the same time ‘units of measurement of honey’, miękiny ‘chaff’, miękuszka ‘bread pupl’; nawleczka, nawłoka, nawłoczka ‘pillowcase, duvet cover’, ‘furniture cover’; niewiasta, niewiastka ‘daughter‑in‑law’, żmykać ‘hand‑wash’. A detailed tracing of the geography, development of individual forms, directions of the inflow of words discussed in the text shows the multiplicity of ways in which individual lexical items penetrate borderland dialect systems. The most interesting examples are those in which the same development outcome is triggered by completely different phonetic processes.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Krystyna Rembiszewska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Siatkowski
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warszawa
  2. Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa
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Abstract

The article deals with the question of linguistic interference among Slavic languages at the example of Choroszczynka, a bilingual village in Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship. The presentation of two complete questionnaires for the Slavic Linguistic Atlas (OLA), Polish and Ukrainian, not only makes it possible to capture grammatical and lexical peculiarities of both sets assigned to individual dialects, but also reveals carelessness of the fi eldworkers who collected the data. This, in turn, contributed to such an interpretation of dialectal data presented in OLA maps which does not refl ect linguistic reality.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Krystyna Rembiszewska
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Siatkowski
ORCID: ORCID

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