Search results

Filters

  • Journals
  • Authors
  • Keywords
  • Date
  • Type

Search results

Number of results: 4
items per page: 25 50 75
Sort by:
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

In the paper an example of application of the Kalman filtering in the navigation process of automatically guided vehicles was presented. The basis for determining the position of automatically guided vehicles is odometry – the navigation calculation. This method of determining the position of a vehicle is affected by many errors. In order to eliminate these errors, in modern vehicles additional systems to increase accuracy in determining the position of a vehicle are used. In the latest navigation systems during route and position adjustments the probabilistic methods are used. The most frequently applied are Kalman filters.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Mirosław Śmieszek
Magdalena Dobrzańska
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This paper presents a new stand for studying the linear shrinkage kinetics of foundry alloys. The stand is equipped with a laser displacement sensor. Thanks to this arrangement, the measurement is of a contactless nature. This solution allows for the elimination of errors which occur in measurements made using intermediary elements (steel rods). The supposition of the expansion (shrinkage) of the sample and the expansion of the heated rod lead to the distortion of the image of the actual dimensional changes of the studied sample. A series of studies of foundry alloys conducted using the new stand allowed a new image of shrinkage kinetics to be obtained, in particular regarding cast iron. The authors introduce in the study methodology a real-time measurement of two linked quantities; shrinkage (the displacement of the free end of the sample) and temperature in the surface layer of the sample casting. This generates not only a classic image of shrinkage (S) understood as S = f (t), but also the view S = f (T). The latter correlation, developed based on results obtained using the contactless method, provide a new, so far poorly known image of the course of shrinkage in foundry alloys, especially cast iron with graphite in the structure. The study made use of hypo- and hypereutectic cast iron in order to generate an image of the differences which occur in the kinetics of shrinkage (as well as in pre-shrinkage expansion - expansion occurs during solidification).

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

J. Zych
ORCID: ORCID
T. Snopkiewicz
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

A laser measurement system for measuring straightness and parallelism error using a semiconductor laser was proposed. The designing principle of the developed system was analyzed. Addressing at the question of the divergence angle of the semiconductor laser being quite large and the reduction of measurement accuracy caused by the diffraction effect of the light spot at the longworking distance, the optical structure of the system was optimized through a series of simulations and experiments. A plano-convex lens was used to collimate the laser beam and concentrate the energy distribution of the diffraction effect. The working distance of the system was increased from 2.6 m to 4.6 m after the optical optimization, and the repeatability of the displacement measurement is kept within 2.2 m in the total measurement range. The performance of the developed system was verified by measuring the straightness of a machine tool through the comparison tests with two commercial multi-degree-of-freedom measurement systems. Two different measurement methods were used to verify the measurement accuracy. The comparison results show that during the straightness measurement of the machine tool, the laser head should be fixed in front of the moving axis, and the sensing part should move with the moving table of the machine tool. Results also show that the measurement error of the straightness measurement is less than 3 m compared with the commercial systems. The developed laser measurement system has the advantages of high precision, long working distance, low cost, and suitability for straightness and parallelism error measurement.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] Schwenke, H., Knapp, W., & Haitjema, H. (2008). Geometric error measurement and compensation of machines – an update. CIRP Annals, 57(2), 660–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2008.09.008
[2] Chen, Z., & Liu, X. (2020). A Self-adaptive interpolation method for sinusoidal sensors. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 69(10), 7675–7682. https://doi.org/10.1109/ TIM.2020.2983094
[3] Acosta, D., & Albajez, J. A. (2018). Verification of machine tools using multilateration and a geometrical approach. Nanomanufacturing and Metrology, 1(1), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s41871-018-0006-y
[4] Chen, B. Y., Zhang, E. Z., & Yan, L. P. (2009). A laser interferometer for measuring straightness and its position based on heterodyne interferometry. Review of Scientific Instruments, 80(11), 115113. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3266966
[5] Zhu, L. J., Li, L., Liu, & J. H. (2009). A method for measuring the guideway straightness error based on polarized interference principle. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 49(3–4), 285–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2008.10.009
[6] Lin, S. T. (2001). A laser interferometer for measuring straightness. Optics & Laser Technology, 33(3), 195–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0030-3992(01)00024-X
[7] Jywe, W. Y., Liu, C. H., Shien, W. H., Shyu, L. H., & Fang, T. H. (2006). Development of a multidegree of freedoms measuring system and an error compensation technique for machine tools. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 48(1), 761–765. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/48/1/144
[8] Feng, Q. B., Zhang, B. & Cui, C. X. (2013). Development of a simple system for simultaneous measuring 6DOF geometric motion errors of a linear guide. Optics Express, 21(22), 25805–25819. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.025805
[9] Liu, C. H., Chen, J. H., & Teng, Y. F. (2009). Development of a straightness measurement and compensation system with multiple right-angle reflectors and a lead zirconate titanate-based compensation stage. Review of Scientific Instruments, 80(11), 115105. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3254018
[10] Fan, K. C. (2000). A laser straightness measurement system using optical fiber and modulation techniques. International Journal of Machine Tools Manufacture, 40(14), 2073–2081. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0890-6955(00)00040-7
[11] Hsieh, T. H., Chen, P. Y., & Jywe, W. Y. (2019). A geometric error measurement system for linear guideway assembly and calibration. Applied Sciences, 9(3), 574. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9030574
[12] Ni, J., & Huang, P. S. (1992). A multi-degree-of-freedom measuring system for CMM geometric errors. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 114(3), 362–369. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2899804
[13] Rahneberg, I., & Büchner, H. J. (2009). Optical system for the simultaneous measurement of twodimensional straightness errors and the roll angle. Proceedings of the International Society for Optics and Photonics, the Czech Republic, 7356. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.820634
[14] Chou, C., Chou, L. Y. & Peng, C. K. (1997). CCD-based CMM geometrical error measurement using Fourier phase shift algorithm. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 37(5): 579–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-6955(96)00078-8
[15] Sun, C., Cai, S., & Liu, Y. (2020). Compact laser collimation system for simultaneous measurement of five-degree-of-freedom motion errors. Applied Sciences, 10(15), 5057. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10155057
[16] Huang, Y., Fan, Y., Lou, Z., Fan, K. C., & Sun, W. (2020). An innovative dual-axis precision level based on light transmission and refraction for angle measurement. Applied Sciences, 10(17), 6019. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10176019
[17] Born M., & Wolf E. (2013). Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light. Elsevier. https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780080264820/ principles-of-optic
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Peng Xu
1
Rui Jun Li
1
Wen Kai Zhao
1
Zhen Xin Chang
1
Shao Hua Ma
1
Kuang Chao Fan
1

  1. Hefei University of Technology, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei, China

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more