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Number of results: 84
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Abstract

The main purpose of this article is to present an author’s methodology of production levelling

and to show the impact of levelling on the time during which the product passes

through the process and on staff performance. The article presents the analysis of literature

concerning the method of improving the production process, especially taking production

levelling into consideration. The authors focussed on the definition and methodologies of

production levelling. A diagram of interrelations showing determinants and efficiency measures

of production levelling as well as an author’s production levelling methodology have

been presented. An example of the implementation of production levelling in one of the departments

of a company manufacturing surgical instruments has also been shown. Analysis

of the current state, stages of implementation and end effects have been presented. Attention

was focussed on the time during which the product passes through the process and on staff

performance.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paulina Rewers
Mariusz Bożek
Wojciech Kulus
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Abstract

In this paper, two techniques for calculating the geoid-to-quasigeoid separation are employed. One of them is GPS/Levelling customary method as a criterion where the geoid undulation and height anomaly are computed by subtracting the ellipsoid height attained via GPS from the orthometric height and normal height, respectively. Another approach is Sjöberg’s equation. We have used of the ICGEM website for definition of the variables of the Sjöberg’s equation, as the applied reference model is the EGM2008 global geopotential model and WGS84 reference ellipsoid. The investigations are performed over the stations of the GPS/Leveling network related to three selected areas in desert, mountain and flatland namely the Lout, Zagros and Khuzestan in Iran and afterward the correlation coefficient between the geoid-to-quasigeoid separation calculated using the satellite data in Sjöberg’s equation and GPS/Levelling method is estimated. The results indicate a straight correlation between the estimated separations from the two methods as its value for the Lout is 0.754, for the Zagros is 0.497 and for the Khuzestan is 0.659. consequently, using the satellite data in Sjöberg’s equation for the regions where there are not the GPS/Levelling and land gravity data, specially for the even areas, yield a satisfactory response of the geoidto-quasigeoid separation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ata Eshaghzadeh
Roghayeh Alsadat Kalantari
Zohreh Moeini Hekmat
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Abstract

Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska and Piotr Trzonkowski of the Medical University of Gdańsk talk about trust, coordination, and creative conflicts – in the first of a series of interviews with scientists who are partners both at work and in life.

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Authors and Affiliations

Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska
Piotr Trzonkowski
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Abstract

The GOCE (Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer) has significantly upgraded the knowledge on the Earth gravity field. In this contribution the accuracy of height anomalies determined from Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) based on approximately 27 months GOCE satellite gravity gradiometry (SGG) data have been assessed over Poland using three sets of precise GNSS/levelling data. The fits of height anomalies obtained from 4th release GOCE-based GGMs to GNSS/levelling data were discussed and compared with the respective ones of 3rd release GOCE-based GGMs and the EGM08. Furthermore, two highly accurate gravimetric quasigeoid models were developed over the area of Poland using high resolution Faye gravity anomalies. In the first, the GOCE-based GGM was used as a reference geopotential model, and in the second – the EGM08. They were evaluated with GNSS/levelling data and their accuracy performance was assessed. The use of GOCE-based GGMs for recovering the long-wavelength gravity signal in gravimetric quasigeoid modelling was discussed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Walyeldeen Godah
Jan Krynski
Małgorzata Szelachowska
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Abstract

Applications in geodesy and engineering surveying require the determination of the heights of the vertical control points in the national and local networks using different techniques. These techniques can be classified as geometric, trigonometric, barometric and Global Positioning System (GPS) levelling. The aim of this study is to analyse height differences obtained from these three techniques using precise digital level and digital level, total station (trigonometric levelling) and GPS which collects phase and code observations (GPS levelling). The accuracies of these methods are analysed. The results obtained show that the precise digital levelling is more stable and reliable than the other two methods. The results of the three levelling methods agree with each other within a few millimetres. The different levelling methods are compared. Geometric levelling is usually accepted as being more accurate than the other methods. The discrepancy between geometric levelling and short range trigonometric levelling is at the level of 8 millimetres. The accuracy of the short range trigonometric levelling is due the reciprocal and simultaneous observations of the zenith angles and slope distances over relative short distances of 250 m. The difference between the ellipsoidal height differences obtained from the GPS levelling used without geoid and the orthometric height differences obtained from precise geometric levelling is 4 millimetres. The geoid model which is obtained from a fifth order polynomial fit of the project area is good enough in this study. The discrepancy between the precise geometric and GPS levelling (with geoid corrections) is 4 millimetres over 5 km.

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Authors and Affiliations

Atınç Pırtı
Ramazan Gürsel Hoşbaş
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of the studies on the determination of the degree of dependence between the adjusted observations, on the basis of the levels of their coexistence in a network. An approximate model is proposed making it possible to estimate that dependence without the necessity to perform the adjustment procedure. This model can be applied in the procedures of gross error detection in observations. Additionally, a supplementary algorithm to determine the coexistence levels for the observations on the grounds of the matrix of coefficients in the observation equations is presented.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mieczysław Kwaśniak
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Abstract

An increased use of global navigation techniques for positioning, and in particular for height determination, led to a growing need for precise models of height reference surface, i.e. geoid or quasigeoid. Geoid or quasigeoid heights at a cm accuracy level, provided on growing number ofGPS/levelling sites, can not only be used for quality control of gravimetric geoid but they also can be integrated with gravity data for geoid/quasigeoid modelling. Such a model is of particular use for surveying practice. A method of quasigeoid modelling based on GPS/levelling data with support of geopotential model and gravity data was developed. The components of height anomaly are modelled with the deterministic part that consists of height anomaly based on EGM96 geopotential model and Molodensky's integral, as well as the polynomial representing trend, and from the stochastic part represented by the isotropic covariance function. Model parameters, i.e. polynomial coefficients and covariance function parameters are determined in a single process of robust estimation, resistant to the outlying measurements. The method was verified using almost a thousand height anomalies from the sites of the EUREF-POL, POLREF, EUVN'97 and WSSG (Military Satellite Geodetic Network) networks in Poland as well as geopotential model refined with gravity data in l' x l' grid. The estimated average mean square error of quasigeoid height is at the level of O.Ol m. The outlying measurements were efficiently detected.
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Authors and Affiliations

Edward Osada
Jan Kryński
ORCID: ORCID
Magdalena Owczarek
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Abstract

When conducting geodetic and gravimetric measurements, there is a problem of projecting them to the reference surface. Since the gravitational field is inhomogeneous under the real conditions, the problem arises of determining the corrections to the measured values of gravitational acceleration in order to use the obtained data for the subsequent solutions of projection problems. Currently, the solution to this problem is performed using a Bouguer reduction, which requires information about the internal structure of the upper layer of the earth’s surface, topography, etc. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodological approach that would allow to determine the reduction (projection) corrections for gravitational acceleration on technogenic and geodynamic polygons without using data about the distribution of surface layer density and topography. The research process is based on the use of mathematical analysis methods and a wide range of experimental geodetic and gravimetric measurements. In the course of the performed researches, an algorithm was obtained and a practical implementation of the determination of the corrections in the measured values of gravitational acceleration on the basis of geodetic and gravimetric measurements was carried out at the certain geodynamic polygon in order to bring all corrections to one level surface.

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Authors and Affiliations

Lev Perovych
Igor Perovych
Valeriy Gorlachuk
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Abstract

Drawing on in-depth interviews with Romanian workers posted in the German construction and meat-pro-cessing industries, with representatives of German unions and with migrant advisers, and on ethno-graphic work, this study examines precarity in posted employment. Firstly, the paper describes the precarious circumstances of Romanians posted in the construction and meat-industry sectors in Ger-many. Secondly, analysing the Romanians’ own perspectives, it shows that low wages in the country of origin, often associated with insecurity and poor working conditions, drive these workers to engage in posted work. Their lack of knowledge of the German language prevents them from finding and carrying out standard jobs in Germany and, thus, determines that they remain in posted employment. Finally, the paper argues that posted workers experience different layers of precarity in the country of destination. It shows that those under contract with various companies for short periods of time are more precarious than de facto posted workers and workers with long-term informal agreements with one single employer.

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Authors and Affiliations

Alexandra Voivozeanu
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Abstract

Indoor noise can greatly affect the health and comfort of users, so the significance of the right assessment of the compliance with the requirements is obvious. But noise level testing is carried out using different methods, which may not ensure consistency in assessments.
The paper presents the influence of test methods on measurement results determined based on an analysis of inter-laboratory comparative studies. The analyses presented in the paper apply to an equivalent sound pressure level determined for a permanent source of sound – an air-conditioning device. The test methods were characterised according to their precision. In order to compare them, their compatibility was analysed based on the methodology described in the literature, alongside a single-factor analysis of variance. It was determined that there were no grounds for rejecting the hypothesis about lack of statistical differences between the results obtained via different methods. Each of the methods is characterised by different precision, so consequently the same result obtained with each method carries a different risk in regards to noise assessment.
The reason for taking up this kind of research was the decision of the Polish Technical Committee in 2018 about introducing new acoustic requirements in Poland concerning the admissible indoor sound pressure levels. It was decided to implement new international methods of testing indoor sound pressure levels emanating from the service equipment in the building. It was necessary to show the differences between the current method and its new counterparts.
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Authors and Affiliations

Elżbieta Nowicka
1
Ewa Szewczak
1

  1. Building Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Starting from the polyphonic enunciation present in Aixa de la Cruz’s novel, this article tries to bring out the complexity of the corresponding process of literary translation. With the achievement of the same outcome on the communicative and stylistic level through the mediation between the instances of the polyphonic dimension of the source text and the pragmatic implications in the Italian translation, the author of this article demonstrates how the relationship of “equivalence” between the two texts can be based on the utterance and its functions and on how the pragmatic and textual dimension of the reported discourse structurally supports the encounter between the two texts.
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Authors and Affiliations

Chiara Sinatra
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata
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Abstract

Self – Levelling Underlayment (SLU) is one of the high-performance new materials used in the construction industry. Besides the strength, other characteristics of SLU such as workability, rapid drying, rapid hardening, shrinkage compensation, smooth nature, etc. are required depending on the application. The aim of this study is to evaluate the structuration with the time of SLU through some important characteristics such as the evolution of rheological properties, ettringite, and gibbsite phase development. To this purpose, a rheometer with rotation mode and oscillation mode was used to determine the yield stress, plastic viscosity, rheological dynamic modulus (storage modulus and loss modulus). The use of these techniques is considered to be a method for monitoring structuration development in cement materials. The result shows that during the hydration process, increased plastic viscosity, yield stress, and dynamic modulus of the SLU were identified from just 5 minutes after mixing until the setting period when the transition from a fluid state to a solid-state of SLU takes place. By using a rheometer in oscillation mode, the beginning of the transition process from the liquid-state to the solid-state of SLU was identified, this method is more precise when compared to traditional Vicat method.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lam Ngoc Nguen
1

  1. Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Building Materials, 55 Giai Phong Road, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate millimeter-scale deformations in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, by using repeated leveling data and the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of Sentinel-1 satellite mission. The persistent scattered interferometric SAR (PS-InSAR) analysis of images from ascending and descending orbits from June 2016 to November 2021 resulted the line-of-sight (LOS) displacement velocities in the Tallinn city center. Velocity solutions were estimated for the full period of time, but also for shorter periods to monitor deformation changes in yearly basis. The gridded LOS velocity models were used for the decomposition of east-west and vertical velocities. Additionally, the uncertainty of 2D velocity solutions was estimated by following the propagation of uncertainty. The 3D velocity of permanent GNSS station “MUS2” in Tallinn was used to unify the reference of all PS-InSAR velocity solutions. The results of the latest leveling in Tallinn city center in 2007/2008 and 2019 showed rather small subsidence rates which were in agreement with InSAR long-termsolution. However, the short-termInSAR velocity solutions revealed larger subsidence of city center with a rate about –10 mm/yr in 2016–2017, and the uplift around 5 mm/yr in 2018–2019 with relatively stable periods in 2017–2018 and 2019–2021. The inclusion of groundwater level observation data and the geological mapping information into the analysis revealed possible spatiotemporal correlation between the InSAR results and the groundwater level variations over the deep valleys buried under quaternary sediments.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tõnis Oja
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anti Gruno
1

  1. Datel AS, Tallinn, Estonia
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Abstract

Inspired by the recent avenues for longitudinal research in second language acquisition (SLA), in this study we aimed to trace changes in language mindsets over time via a curve of factors model. The data were collected from 437 adult English as a foreign language learners’ response to the Language Mindsets Index in four time points. The model fit was accepted and the invariance of the latent factor was attested over time. The findings indicated a negative covariance between the initial level language mindsets and the growth level of the construct. This finding implies that learners with a highly initial level of language mindsets experienced less change in the construct over time and those with a lower level of the construct changed their mindsets more over time. Pedagogical implications of the findings such as language teachers’ consideration of growth language mindsets interventions are discussed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Majid Elahi Shirvan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tahereh Taherian
2
ORCID: ORCID
Elham Yazdanmehr
3
ORCID: ORCID
Esmaeel Saeedy Robat
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Bojnord, Iran
  2. Yazd University, Iran
  3. Attar Institute of Higher Education, Iran
  4. Department of Education, Taybad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Taybad, Iran
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Abstract

This paper describes the long-term noise monitoring data for ten consecutive years (2011–2020) acquired from the diversified National Ambient Noise Monitoring Network (NANMN) set up across 7 major cities of India and consisting of 70 stations for continuous noise monitoring throughout the year. The annual average ambient noise levels observed throughout these ten years in 70 locations under study, including 25 locations in commercial zones, 12 in industrial, 16 in residential, and 17 in silence zones, are described. The noise scenario in these ten years is compared and analyzed. It is observed that no site in residential or silence zones meets the ambient noise limits for the past ten years. The study suggests guidelines for a policy framework for environmental noise management and control to regulate noise pollution in Indian cities.
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Authors and Affiliations

Naveen Garg
1 2
Saurabh Kumar
1 2
Chitra Gautam
1 2
Vishal Gandhi
3
Nalin Kumar Gupta
3

  1. CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi 110 012, India
  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India
  3. Central Pollution Control Board, Parivesh Bhawan, Delhi, India
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Abstract

Due to recent developments in the field of high-power and medium-voltage, the multilevel inverter has raised to such an extent owing to some of its amazing facts regarding harmonic spectrum, ease in control, reduced electromagnetic interference (EMI), filterless circuit, stress on power switches, common-mode voltage. This paper well describes a novel architecture of a single-phase multilevel inverter using a lesser number of overall components, especially the power switches. The proposed topology is generalized in the structure that can generate any number of voltage steps. A 7-level structure of the proposed topology is explained and is elaborately discussed. Simulation is carried out in MATLAB and corresponding experimental results verify the existence of the proposed multilevel inverter. The real-time experimental results were presented and are well verified by the simulation results for 7-level as well for 13-level across RL-Load. The nature of load current is also indicated as per the nature of load voltage. Nevertheless, the topology is further compared with some of the recent literature and found superior in each respect.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bidyut Mahato
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mrinal Ranjan
2
Pradipta Kumar Pal
3
Santosh Kumar Gupta
4
Kailash Kumar Mahto
2

  1. ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad, UP – 201009, India
  2. Gaya College of Engineering, Gaya, Bihar – 823003, India
  3. Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad – 826004, India
  4. Government Engineering College, Siwan, Bihar – 841226, India
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Abstract

One of the fundamental problems in evolutionary sciences is the direction of evolution at different levels of matter organization. According to traditional teleological interpretations, the evolving systems should develop toward a final state—a goal. However, in most cases such a goal is not determinable—scientists do not know it. However, they can reveal a general tendency or a series of changes in time: a teleonomy or a directness based mainly upon an internal pattern of the evolving system although modified also by external influences. Teleonomical processes are responsible for all evolutionary processes including transitions from one level of organization to another.

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Authors and Affiliations

Leszek Żuk
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Abstract

With the increase of coal mining depth, the gas content in coal seams could also become larger and larger, which could suddenly cause an inrush of gas into the longwall mining face. It is very dangerous for miners’ safety in the underground. The U-shaped ventilation pattern of longwall mining face that underground coal mines currently use is not enough to deliver sufficient air quantities to dilute gases in mining faces, which could result in the gas concentration over the required celling limit by government laws. Thus, the mine must stop production. In this paper, the high level roadway (HLR) is designed and the U + HLR new ventilation pattern is proposed to control gas emission in a longwall mining face. Using computational fluid dynamics simulation (CFD) software, the flow field and gas transportation in the mine gob are studied. The optimized ventilation parameters are summarized. It is found that the best vertical distance of the HLR is 35 m over the coal seam and the horizontal distance is 25 m from the air return roadway. It is recommended that the negative suction pressure design of the high level roadway should be ranged from 9000 Pa to 10000 Pa. Based on the study outcomes, the gas emission could be well controlled in mining faces and avoid any gas disaster accidents.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yongzhen Ma
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jianwei Cheng
1
ORCID: ORCID
Rui Zhang
1
Zui Wang
1
Dezhi Ran
1
Shuping Sheng
1
Jufeng Zhang
2
Junhong Si
3
Zhaoyang Yu
4

  1. China University of Mining and Technology, China
  2. Longdong University, China
  3. North China Institute of Science and Technology, China
  4. Guizhou University, China
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Abstract

In the research it has been assumed that an observation corresponds to a measured height difference of a levelling section while a pseudo-observation corresponds to a sum of observations for consecutive levelling sections which make up a levelling line. Relations between observations and pseudo-observations are shown. It has also been assumed that observations are not correlated. The study compares Helmert - Pranis-Praniewicz. algorithm of parametric. multi-group (parallel) least squares adjustment of observations with the algorithm of rwo-stage least squares adjustment of levelling network. The two-stage adjustment consists of least squares adjustment of pseudo-observations and then the adjustment of observations, which is carried out separately for each levelling line. It was shown that normal equations concerning heights of nodal points, created on the basis of pseudo-observations, are identical to the reduced normal equations formed on the basis of observations in multi-group adjustment. So, adjusted heights of nodal points and their variance-covariance matrix are the same in the case of adjustment of observations and in the case of adjustment of pseudo-observations. Following a brief presentation of known algorithm of height computation for intermediate benchmarks of levelling lines there is shown the proof that the value of a square root of the a posteriori variance of unit weight 1110, known also as mean square error of a typical observation/pseudo-observation, is the same in the case of adjustment of observations and in the case of adjustment of pseudo-observations. The conclusion states that the results of two-stage adjustment and rigorous least squares adjustment of observations are identical.
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Authors and Affiliations

Idzi Gajderowicz
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Abstract

Sea level monitoring at tide gauges plays an important role in geodesy, geodynamics research and oceanography. It provides data for referencing vertical datum, for modelling geoid in coastal regions, for determination of vertical land movements and for studying ocean dynamics. Investigation of Baltic Sea level variations ·is considered an important component of geodynamics research in Central and Northern Europe. The analysis of tide gauge records from Baltic sites was conducted in the framework of the project on a cm geoid in Poland. Those records showed strong common features that were further used for deriving the model of Baltic Sea level variations. High level of correlations of the model with individual site data proved its adequacy. Regional characteristics of the model were investigated using regression and correlation analysis. It was shown that the model represents very well both global and regional features of Baltic Sea level variations. The use of the model as reference to investigate local features of tide gauge records that reflect site-specific variations of sea level was also discussed. Spectral analysis of the model of Baltic Sea level variations indicates the existence of distinguished term of Chandler period besides two major terms of annual and semi-annual periods. The existence of polar motion component in Baltic Sea level variations was investigated using correlation analysis. Also the land vertical movement derived from Baltic tide gauge data was determined and compared with literature data.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Kryński
ORCID: ORCID
Yevgen M. Zanimonskiy
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Abstract

The article aims at demonstrating that authority is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. An overview of numerous definitions and theories of authority serves as a point of departure that leads to the reconstruction of the typologies of authority existing in social sciences and to qualifying the functions of authority. The place of the phenomenon in social life is revealed by the analysis of its key operation mechanisms and impact areas. Theoretical definitions and typologies form the background for concentrating on authority in local communities, since its social role (e.g. inspirational, regulatory and integrative) at this level is exceptionally important from the perspective of social order maintenance and local communities’ development.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bożena Tuziak
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Abstract

In this study, several variants create and choose of a local quasi-geoid model in Poland have been considered. All propositions have a source in European Gravimetric Geoid models – EGG2008 and EGG2015, which are purely gravimetric models of reference surface. In the course of this work, each model has been analyzed in various ways: without any corrections, by parallel shifting of residuals, by the 7-parameter conformal transformation and by fitting residuals by 4- and 5-parameter trigonometric polynomials. Eventual corrections were based on points of national GNSS/levelling networks (EUVN, EUVN_DA, POLREF, EUREF and ASG-EUPOS eccentric points). As a final result of this study, a comparison of the accuracy of selected models has been carried out by RMSE statistics and maps showing spatial distribution of residuals and histograms. Validation has shown that the maximum achievable accuracy of the EGG models is approximately 2 cm for the ETRF2000 reference system and approximately 8 cm for ETRF89. In turn, fitting with the use of different mathematical methods results in an improvement of the standard deviation of residues to the level of 1.3–1.4 cm. The conclusions include an evaluation of considerations for and against the use of models based only on EGG realizations and, on the other hand, fitted to the points of Polish vertical network. Its usefulness is strictly connected with needs of the definition of up to date quasi-geoid model for the new realization of heights system in Poland, based on EVRF2007 frame.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Marjańska
Tomasz Olszak
Dominik Piętka
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Abstract

The paper analyzes the monthly day equivalent levels, Lday (06–22 h) and night equivalent levels, Lnight (22–06 h) values observed in year 2015 and 2016 for the 70 locations whereby continuous noise monitoring is conducted under the National Ambient Noise Monitoring Network (NANMN). The study exclusively analyzes the ambient noise data acquired for 25 locations in commercial zone, 12 in industrial, 16 in residential and 17 in silence zones. The analysis of (Lday–Lnight) for 70 locations under observations reveals that 10 dB night time adjustment in day-night average sound level descriptor is not appropriate in such a scenario and as such it is recommended to use day-night average sound level and day-eveningnight average sound level descriptors without any 10 dB night time adjustment or 5 dB evening time adjustments. The analysis and conclusions of the present study shall be very useful for developing single value noise descriptor correlating the noise annoyance and health effects in Indian perspectives.

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Authors and Affiliations

Naveen Garg
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Abstract

Noise is one of the most significant factors which not only disturbs working conditions, but has a large impact on workers’ health. This problem has existed in industries since the beginning and, despite technical and other solutions, it has not been solved. There is a large number of papers, supported with very detailed analyses, that investigate noise levels in industry or contain questionnaires about the impact of noise on workers’ overall health and work abilities. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the global picture of sustainability and the development of strategies for improving the quality of working environment, with special attention to the generation of noise in different production processes in thirteen different industries in Novi Sad, Serbia. The paper also seeks to examine the advantages and drawbacks of the implemented protective methods and to provide some recommendations for their better implementation in order to contribute to solving this significant problem of today.

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Authors and Affiliations

Uranija Kozmidis Luburić
Selena Dušan Samardžić
Robert Lakatoš
Aleksandra Mihailović
Milka Veselinović

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