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Analytical calculations of surges caused by direct lightning strike to underground intrusion detection system

K. Aniserowicz

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2019 | 67 | No. 2 | 263-269 | DOI: 10.24425/bpas.2019.128118

Keywords lightning transients overvoltages analytical modeling underground cable

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Abstract

The paper presents an analysis of overvoltages caused by a direct lightning strike in intrusion detection system equipped with underground radiating cable sensors. Waveforms of currents and voltages in the system components are calculated using analytical formulas basing on a transmission-line model in the frequency domain. The time-domain waveforms are computed using the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). Three network configurations of the intrusion detection system are analyzed.

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Authors and Affiliations

K. Aniserowicz

Corona current concept in lightning return-stroke models of engineering type

Grzegorz Masłowski

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2010 | vol. 59 | No 3 - 4 December | 177-188 | DOI: 10.2478/s10171-010-0014-z

Keywords lightning corona sheath return stroke model continuity equation

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Abstract

A role of radial corona current in a lightning discharge is discussed in the paper. It is shown that the corona current concept previously introduced by Cooray for lightning return stroke models of distributed-current-source (DCS) type, and later, by Maslowski and Rakov for lumped-current-source (LCS) type models enables to show duality between these two types of models. Further, it is demonstrated that the corona current is useful during consideration of dynamics of the lightning-channel corona sheath. As an example of application of presented approach a relaxation model of charge motion in the corona sheath is analysed together with plots which show the rate of expansion and shrinkage of the lightning corona sheath on both microsecond and millisecond time scales.

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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Masłowski

Lightning protection for power transformers of Aqaba Thermal Power Station

Wael Fawzi Abu Shehab Shehab Abdulwadood Ali Mohammad Ibrahim Alsharari

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2020 | vol. 69 | No 3 | 645-660 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2020.133923

Keywords basic insulation level BIL EMTP-ATP program lightning lightning arrester LA metal oxide varistor MOV

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Abstract

In this paper, a study of the lightning phenomenon and its harmful effect on Aqaba Thermal Power Station (ATPS), located in the south-western border of Jordan, is presented using the Electromagnetic Transients Program – Alternative Transients Program (EMTP- ATP). This study has been arisen due to an installation need of appropriate lightning arresters (LAs) for the 15/410 kV step-up transformers of the ATPS to eliminate the destructive effect of lightning. The simulation is carried out for two cases, once without using LAs and once more with using them. Two scenarios are applied for each of these cases, once when lightning strikes the primary side of the transformer and once more when it strikes the secondary side. The results obtained by the simulation indicate the necessity of LAs installation. This study, with using the EMTP-ATP program, is done for the first time with additional details that help researchers, designers, and engineers to get a broad overview of the ATPS in order to protect it against lightning.

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Authors and Affiliations

Wael Fawzi Abu Shehab

Shehab Abdulwadood Ali

Mohammad Ibrahim Alsharari

Analysis of the effectiveness of lightning and surge protection in a large solar farm

Konrad Sobolewski Emilia Sobieska

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 2 | 523-542 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.140726

Keywords ANSYS simulations electric safety grounding system magnetic field distribution lightning modeling lightning protection photovoltaic power plants

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Abstract

The aim of the considerations presented in the article was a stand-alone groundbased photovoltaic power plant. The article is devoted to the qualitative analysis of some lightning protection configurations. These types of constructions often require an individual look at the design and execution of lightning protection installations, which causes problems with the selection of optimal solutions. These problems relate primarily to the way the lightning rods are arranged to create protection zones, but also to the way they are attached: to the supporting structure for PV modules or as free-standing. Another problem raised in the article is the way how lightning current is discharged from rods to the ground and how it is dispersed there. Due to the vast area of such facilities and the requirements for electrical safety, it is necessary to consider and design a ground system with optimal electrical parameters, but also technical and economic ones. All these elements have their impact on the value of voltages induced in the electrical installation, which is also presented in the content of the article as the magnetic field distribution and calculation of induced voltages in an exemplary configuration. Finally, this article will compare described technical solutions encountered in selecting the best protection method for this type of photovoltaic installation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Konrad Sobolewski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Emilia Sobieska

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Poland

Fractal dimensions analysis of branching streamers propagating in mineral oil

Viet-Hung Dang Abderrahmane Beroual Pawel Rozga

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 3 | 659-669 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.141677

Keywords fractal analysis lightning impulse voltage mineral oil streamers

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Abstract

This article deals with the analysis of the fractal dimension of streamers propagating in mineral oil, under lightning impulse voltage, using the box counting method; the method and technique of calculation are described therein. In the considered experimental conditions, the average velocities of recorded streamers are of 2.4 km/s and 1.8 km/s for positive and negative streamers, respectively; these velocities correspond to the 2nd mode of streamers propagation. It is shown that the streamers present the fractal dimension D ; and the higher D is the bushier are the streamers (i.e. with high branch density). The positive streamers can have higher D than the negative ones, if they are bushier.

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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Viet-Hung Dang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Abderrahmane Beroual

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Pawel Rozga

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Electric Power University, Vietnam
University of Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France
Lodz University of Technology, Poland

Design and computation of a lightning protection system in an urban 110 kV substation

Mohammed Ibrahim Taha Lin Li Ping Wang

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2020 | vol. 69 | No 3 | 723-738 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2020.133928

Keywords CDEGS software fast Fourier transform (FFT) IEC 62305-3 lightning protection system (LPS) NFPA 780 level 1

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Abstract

A lightning protection system (LPS) of an urban 110 kV substation is designed and analysed according to NFPA 780 and IEC 62305-3 standards. The analysis of the LPS is established on the value of risk assessment. The total area of the plant is described by one soil layer with uniform resistivity. This study aims to improve the understanding of an unexpected manner of the grounding system beneath lightning currents by clarifying the basic concepts of the lightning protection level and the new design procedure in this paper was clarified according to NFPA-780 level 1 for a lightning protection system. The program is integrated with the CDEGS software, which provides effective geometrical modeling with object and result visualization. Furthermore, module and automated fast Fourier transform (FFT) is implemented in this study to simulate electromagnetic fields in the time and frequency domains. These current values are compared to the desired protection levels within the standards. The study results show that for the improved protection of the system against lightning, the total power grid must be considered as a source of improvement for studying shielding influence and the protection levels provided inside this substation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mohammed Ibrahim Taha

Lin Li

Ping Wang

Prediction of lightning density value tower based on Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System

Sri Mawar Said Muhammad Bachtiar Nappu Andarini Asri Bayu Tri Utomo

Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2021 | vol. 70 | No 3 | 499-511 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2021.137570

Keywords Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System lightning density prediction tower Transmission Line Arrester

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Abstract

Lightning is one of the causes of transmission disorders and natural phenomena that cannot be avoided. The South Sulawesi region is located close to the equator and has a high lightning density. This condition results in lightning susceptibility of disturbances to electrical system lines, especially in high-voltage airlines and substations. An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) will show the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) based on the membership function type. This journal is to predict the value of the transmission tower lightning density using the ANFIS method. The value of the lightning strike density index can later be determined based on ANFIS predictions. Analysis of the value calculation system of structural lightning strikes in the South Sulawesi region of the Sungguminasa-Tallasa route can be categorized as three characteristics lightning density (Nd). The calculation system results for the value of structural lightning struck in the South Sulawesi region and validated between manual calculations and ANFIS with an average percentage of 0.0554%.

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Bibliography

[1] Utomo B.T., Nappu M.B., Said S.M., Arief A., The Placement of the Transmission Lightning Arrester (TLA) at 150 kV Network using Fuzzy Logic, in 2018 10th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE), pp. 347–352 (2018).
[2] Rawi I.M., Kadir M.Z.A.A., Azis N., Lightning study and experience on the first 500kV transmission line arrester in Malaysia, in 2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), pp. 1106–1109 (2014), DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2014.6973289.
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[21] Aniserowicz K., Analytical calculations of surges caused by direct lightning strike to underground intrusion detection system, Bull. Polish Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci., vol. 67, no. 2 (2019).

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Authors and Affiliations

Sri Mawar Said

1

Muhammad Bachtiar Nappu

1

Andarini Asri

2

Bayu Tri Utomo

1

Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
Ujung Pandang State Polytechnic, Indonesia

Dimming control schemes combining IEEE 802.15.7 and SC-LPPM modulation schemes with an adaptive M-QAM OFDM for indoor LOS VLC systems

Nazmi A. Mohammed Kareem A. Badawi Ashraf A. M. Khalaf S. El-Rabaie

Opto-Electronics Review | 2020 | 28 | 4 | 203-212 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2020.135259

Keywords visible light communication sub-carrier pulse position modulation lightning topologies bit error rate

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Abstract

The presented work proposes a new dimming control schemes for indoor visible light communication which combines variable pulse-position modulation, colour shift keying as key schemes of IEEE 802.15.7 standard, and sub carrier-pulse-position modulation as a pulse-position modulation variant with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. These schemes are then compared with traditional merging schemes utilizing pulse-width modulation and multiple pulse-position modulation with m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation OFDM. The proposed schemes are investigated in a typical room with a different lighting layout (i.e., distinctive and uniform lighting layout), followed by an illumination investigation to evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes, especially the enhanced achieved data rates, and to determine their limitations as reliable visible light communication systems that can satisfy both communication and illumination requirements.

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Authors and Affiliations

Nazmi A. Mohammed

Kareem A. Badawi

Ashraf A. M. Khalaf

S. El-Rabaie

Comparison of methods applied to measuring the lightning impulse breakdown voltage of insulating pressboard impregnated with mineral oil and natural ester

Artur Klarecki Paweł Rózga Filip Stuchała

Metrology and Measurement Systems | 2021 | vol. 28 | No 4 | 693-709 | DOI: 10.24425/mms.2021.137703

Keywords lightning impulse voltage high voltage measurement methods dielectric liquids insulating pressboard Weibull distribution

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Abstract

The aim of this paper is to compare three different methods of analysis of results of lightning impulse breakdown voltage measurements of solid materials such as insulating pressboard. These three methods are the series method, the step method and the up-and-down method which are applied to withstand voltage estimation commonly in high voltage engineering. To obtain the data needed for the analysis a series of experimental studies was carried out. It included studies of mineral oil and natural ester impregnating 1 mm of thick cellulose-based pressboard. In order to show the distribution of breakdown voltage the Weibull distribution was additionally applied in data analysis. The results were also assessed from the viewpoint of dielectric liquid used for impregnation. The studies carried out showed that series and step methods give comparable results opposite to the up-and-down method. The latest overstates the results for mineral oil impregnated pressboard and understates for natural ester impregnated pressboard when juxtaposing them with the rest of the methods applied. In addition, there is lack of possibility to assess the withstand voltage for the up-and-down method directly from the vector of random variable. It is possible only as a result of a specially developed equation which always arouses doubt. From the methods applied it seems that the step method can be a great substitution for the series method as intuitive, fast in application and limiting the number of samples in solid insulation material testing.

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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Artur Klarecki

1 2

Paweł Rózga

1

Filip Stuchała

1

Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Electrical Power Engineering, Stefanowskiego 18/22, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
Lodz University of Technology, Interdisciplinary Doctoral School, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland

Selected requirements for lightning protection in the light of actual standards and regulations on the example of an object to be protected

Anna Dąda Paweł Błaut Piotr Miller

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 4 | e137548 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.137548

Keywords lightning protection system (LPS) 62305 standard air-termination system earth electrodes protection of building objects

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Abstract

Elements of the lightning protection system (LPS) often perform additional functions in the facility. Correct and economical design of these elements is possible with the fulfillment of specific requirements, close coordination and inter-branch cooperation. The article draws attention to important aspects of LPS design and highlights the ambiguities that may arise during this process. Firstly, the history of changes in national standardization in the field of lightning protection is approximated. Secondly, the individual components of external LPS are presented. Subsequently, the normative material requirements for earthing are compiled, depending on their function (for lightning protection and protection against electric shock in MV and LV installations). The last part of the paper is devoted to the comparison of the protective angle method and the rolling sphere method. The analysis was made on the example of a simple object for which LPS class I is required. It has been shown that despite the possibility of using both methods, they may result in different solutions. Depending on the choice of method, the difference in the arrangement of the air-termination system is indicated. Examples of generally available LPS solutions are also given, taking account of various materials and assembly technologies.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Dąda

1

Paweł Błaut

1

Piotr Miller

2

AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Lublin University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, ul. Nadbystrzycka 38D, 20-618 Lublin, Poland

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