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Behaviour of Moraine Soils Stabilised with OPC, GGBFS and Hydrated Lime

Per Lindh Polina Lemenkova
Archives of Mining Sciences | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 319-334 | DOI: 10.24425/ams.2023.146182
Keywords civil engineering UCS soil cement slag lime
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Abstract

This paper aims to evaluate the effects of blended binders on the development of strength in moraine soils by optimising the proportion of several binders. We tested three types of soil as a mixture of moraine soils: A (sandy clay), B (clayey silt) and C (silty clay), collected in southern Sweden. The soil was compacted using a modified Proctor test using the standard SS-EN 13286-2:2010 to determine optimum moisture content. The particle size distribution was analysed to determine suitable binders. The specimens of types A, B and C, were treated by six different binders: ordinary Portland cement (OPC); hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2); ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and their blends in various proportions. The strength gain in soil treated by binders was evaluated by the test for Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) against curing time. For soil type A, the strength increase is comparable for most of the binders, with the difference in behaviour in the UCS gain. The OPC/lime, GGBFS and hydrated lime showed a direct correlation, while OPC, OPC/GGBFS and GGBFS/hydrated lime – a quick gain in the UCS by day 28th. After that, the rate of growth decreased. Compared to soil type A, Ca(OH)2 performs better on the stabilisation of soil type B. Besides, the hydrated lime works better on the gain of the UCS compared to other binders. The GGBFS/Ca(OH)2 blend shows a notable effect on soil type A: the UCS of soil treated by Ca(OH)2 performs similarly to those treated by OPC with visible effects on day 90th. Cement and a blend of slag/hydrated lime demonstrated the best results for soil type B. An effective interaction was noted for the blends GGBFS and hydrated lime, which is reflected in the UCS development in soils type A and B. Blended binder GGBFS/hydrated lime performs better compared to single binders.
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Authors and Affiliations

Per Lindh
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Polina Lemenkova
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Swedish Transport Administration, Department of Investments Technology and Environment, Neptunigatan 52, Box 366, SE-201-23 Malmö, Sweden
  2. Lund University, Lunds Tekniska Högskola (LTH), Faculty of Engineering, Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Division of Building Materials, Sweden
  3. Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École Polytechnique de Bruxelles (Brussels Faculty of Engineering), Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis (LISA) Belgium

Effects of zeolites and hydrated lime on volumetrics and moisture resistance of foamed warm mix asphalt concrete

Anna Chomicz-Kowalska Krzysztof Maciejewski Mateusz Marek Iwański Karolina Janus
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 2 | e136731 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.136731
Keywords WMA foamed bitumen zeolite hydrated lime
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Abstract

The paper concerns the utilization of hydrated lime and zeolites as additives in warm mix asphalt produced with foamed bitumen. The mentioned additives were added to the mixtures in exchange for specific quantities of mineral filler, which amounted to 0.4% and 1.2% of hydrated lime or 0.4% of water-modified and 1.0% of air-dry zeolites in mineral mix. The study investigated warm-produced mixtures with 4.5% and 4.8% binder content and production and compaction temperatures set at 120⁰C and 100⁰C respectively. Additionally, reference hot and warm mixtures were evaluated. The testing included: air void content, indirect tensile strength in dry state and after one freeze-thaw cycle as well as the resulting resistance to moisture and frost damage index. The mixtures incorporating hydrated lime and lower bitumen content of 4.5% exhibited increased air voids and mostly unchanged mechanical performance when compared to the reference warm mix. Increased bitumen content has resulted in significantly improved performance in moisture resistance and compactability which could be compared to that of the reference hot-produced mixture. On the other hand, the incorporation of zeolites in the foamed bitumen mixtures resulted in all cases in increased air void content in the samples. This has apparently led to decreased indirect tensile strength, in both the dry state and after the freeze-thaw cycle. Based on the results it was concluded that the production temperature of the zeolite-bearing mixtures was too low for the zeolite water to significantly improve the mix’ workability and therefore positively affect its mechanical parameters.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Chomicz-Kowalska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Maciejewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mateusz Marek Iwański
1
ORCID: ORCID
Karolina Janus
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Kielce University of Technology, al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland

Influence of Soil Contamination with Nickel and Liming on Lead and Manganese Contents in Reel Clover Biomass

Beata Kuziemska Stanisław Kalembasa
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2009 | vol.35 | No 1 | 95-105
Keywords Soil contamination with nickel liming red clover lead manganese
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Abstract

Zanieczyszczenia przemysłowe przyczyniają się z reguły do poglębicnia degradacji rolniczej przestrzeni produkcyjnej, prowadząc między innymi do nagromadzenia metali ciężkich w glebie. Do grupy metali ciężkichzaliczany jest nikiel, który w małych ilościach jest niezbędny dla wzrostu i rozwoju organizmów żywych, natomiast występujący w nadmiarze jest toksyczny. W czteroletnim doświadczeniu wazonowym badano wpływ zanieczyszczenia gleby niklem (50, I 00 i 150 mg Ni/kg gleby zastosowanego w formie NiSO,711,O) na tic zróżnicowanego wapnowania (wg 0,5; I i 1.5 Hh gleby zastosowanego w formie CaCO) na zawartość Pb i Mn w koniczynie czerwonej. Zawartość metali oznaczono metodą ICP-J\ES po wcześniejszej mineralizacji materiału roślinnego ,,na sucho" w piecu muflowym w temperaturze 450°C i rozpuszczeniu popiołu w I 0% roztworze HCL. Wyniki badań opracowano statystycznie analizą wariancji z wykorzystaniem rozkładu F-FisheraSnedecora wg programu F.R. Anal.var 4.1., a wartość NIR.,5 wyliczono wg testu Tukeya. W celu znalezienia związków między badanymi cechami w pracy przeprowadzono również analizę korelacji liniowej. Zawartość obu metali w roślinach uprawianych na glebach zanieczyszczonych niklem była większa w odniesieniu do roślin uprawianych na glebach niezanieczyszczonych, co może świadczyć o synergizmie niklu i omawianych metali. Zastosowane wapniowanie (niezależnie od ilości CaCO, wprowadzonego do gleby) powodowało istotne zmniejszenie zawartości obu metali w roślinie testowej. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały synergistyczne zależności pomiędzy niklem a ołowiem i manganem.
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Authors and Affiliations

Beata Kuziemska
Stanisław Kalembasa

Ultrasonic P- and S-Wave Reflection and CPT Soundings for Measuring Shear Strength in Soil Stabilized by Deep Lime/Cement Columns in Stockholm Norvik Port

Per Lindh Polina Lemenkova
Archives of Acoustics | 2023 | vol. 48 | No 3 | 325-346 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2023.145243
Keywords civil engineering soil stabilization compressive strength cement lime seismic waves
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Abstract

In this research project, the measurements of the ultrasonic P- and S-waves and seismic cone penetration testing (CPT) were applied to identify subsurface conditions and properties of clayey soil stabilized with lime/cement columns in the Stockholm Norvik Port, Sweden. Applied geophysical methods enabled to identify a connection between the resistance of soil and strength in the stabilized columns. The records of the seismic tests were obtained in the laboratory of Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI) through estimated P- and S-wave velocities using techniques of resonance frequency measurement of the stabilized specimens. The CPT profiles were used to evaluate the quality of the lime/cement columns of the reinforced soil by the interpretation of signals. The relationship between the P- and S-waves demonstrated a gain in strength during soil hardening. The quality of soil was evaluated by seismic measurements with aim to achieve sufficient strength of foundations prior to the construction of the infrastructure objects and industrial works. Seismic CPT is an effective method essential to evaluate the correct placement of the CPT inside the column. This work demonstrated the alternative seismic methods supporting the up-hole technology of drilling techniques for practical purpose in civil engineering and geotechnical works.
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Authors and Affiliations

Per Lindh
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Polina Lemenkova
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Investments, Technology and Environment, Swedish Transport Administration, Malmö, Sweden
  2. Faculty of Engineering, Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Division of Building Materials, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
  3. École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis (LISA), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

Assessment of Slurry Transport Efficiency after Applying Deflocculant in the Lime Production Process

Beata Joanna JAWORSKA-JÓZWIAK
Management and Production Engineering Review | 2023 | vol. 14 | No 4
Keywords Efficiency Lime production process Deflocculant Friction factor Energy savings
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Abstract

The paper presents a method for improving the lime production process by increasing the efficiency of the lime slurry transport that occurs in it. The aim of the study was to reduce the energy demand of the pump installed in the discharge line. The presented solution consists of applying an additive called deflocculant to the transported slurry in order to reduce its viscosity while increasing the concentration of solids content. The deflocculant applied to the slurry is composed of waste material from the lime slaking process and an environmentally neutral chemical substance in the form of sodium-water glass. The rheological studies conducted confirm the positive effect of the selected deflocculant on the properties of the slurry tested. As a result of the analysis, it has been shown that the proposed solution has a substantial effect on reducing the friction factor of the transported slurry, thus reducing the energy consumption in the investigated process.
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Authors and Affiliations

Beata Joanna JAWORSKA-JÓZWIAK

The Strength Behaviour of Transitional Group A-2-7 Soil Stabilised with Fly Ash and Lime Powder

Omar Asad Ahmad
Archives of Mining Sciences | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 4 | 511-522 | DOI: 10.24425/ams.2021.139594
Keywords soil stabilisation lime powder fly ash TGA-2-7 soil engineering index
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Abstract

Recent works aimed to investigate geotechnical properties of Transitional Group A-2-7 (TGA-2-7) soil affected by the use of hydrated lime and fly ash class F, by-products from quarries and a cement factory in Jordan, to compensate for the gap in the granular distribution. Host soil was exposed to various proportions of fly ash and lime powder. The blended specimens were subjected to different tests related to index properties, including Atterberg limits, compaction properties and California bearing ratio. The results demonstrate that 2% fly ash led to a reduction in the plasticity index from 19% to 10%, while lime powder reduced it from 19% to 13%. A sufficient improvement of maximum dry density was observed at 20% lime addition and increased from 15.11 kN/m3 to 16.29 kN/m3. California bearing ratio that measures the strength soil linearly increased up to 10% induced by 20% lime addition.
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Authors and Affiliations

Omar Asad Ahmad
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Amman Arab University, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, P.O Box. 2234, Amman 11953, Jordan

Influence of Hemp-Lime Composite Composition on its Mechanical and Physical Properties

Wojciech Piątkiewicz Piotr Narloch Barbara Pietruszka
Archives of Civil Engineering | Vol. 66 | No 3 | 485-503 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2020.134409
Keywords hemp-lime composite hempcrete compressive strength thermal conductivity vapour diffusion resistance factor sustainable building material
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Abstract

The following work analyzes the effect of the composition of a hemp-lime composite on key mechanical and physical properties. The article contains results from testing the compressive strength, vapor permeability, and thermal conductivity of the composite, depending on the composition of the mix. The mixes differed from each other in binder composition and in the proportion of binder to hemp shives. The obtained results were compared with the results from other scientific literature. Based on this, conclusions were drawn that the binder composition is of secondary importance for the analyzed physical and mechanical properties of the hemp-lime composite. The main property that determines the values of the thermal conductivity coefficient as well as the compression strength is the density of the material, which depends on the proportion of binder to aggregate and the level of compaction of the mix. The value of the diffusion resistance coefficient of the analyzed material was very low regardless of the composition of the composite.

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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Piątkiewicz
Piotr Narloch
Barbara Pietruszka

Influence of sand substitution with waste lime powder on the concrete carbonation

Maja Kępniak Piotr Woyciechowski
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 383-392 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2021.138506
Keywords lime waste powder carbonation statistical analysis long term examination cement concrete durability
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Abstract

The concept of sustainability requires that waste-modified materials also demonstrate adequate sustainability. This paper examines the effect of modifying cement concrete with waste lime dust on the course of concrete carbonation. The waste dust comes from the dedusting of aggregate for use in HMA – Hot Mixture Asphalt. The aim of the study was to examine whether the partial replacement of sand with waste powder would have a negative effect on the potential durability of a reinforced concrete element made of this concrete. To determine the extent of carbonation, an experimental plan was prepared including the execution of concretes with varying levels of substitution and a variable water/cement ratio. In order to identify long term influence the test was performed as indicated in EN 12390-12, but with the test time extended to 560 days. The results obtained were statistically analysed and the predicted maximum extent of carbonation depending on the level of substitution and the water/cement ratio was determined. The analysis indicates that it is possible to substitute sand with waste limestone dust without having a negative impact on the extent of carbonation, and thus on the durability of the reinforced concrete structure.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maja Kępniak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Woyciechowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland

Risk of interstitial condensation in outer walls made of hemp-lime composite in Polish climatic conditions

Michał Gołębiewski Barbara Pietruszka
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 107-121 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2021.138489
Keywords hemp-lime composite hempcrete sustainable construction thermal conductivity vapor permeability interstitial condensation
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Abstract

The present paper presents results of a study on hemp-lime composite – a novel building material which is gaining attention thanks to its pro-ecological values, as well as interesting hygrothermal characteristics. The thermal conductivity and vapour permeability tests were performed on composites which varied in terms of composition and density as a result of use of various binders, different proportions of ingredients in a mixture and different compaction level during manufacturing with the use of the tamping method. The results obtained, indicating low thermal conductivity and very high vapor permeability, were tabulated with results of compressive strength obtained in the previous study on the same types of composites. The conclusions emphasise supreme importance of apparent density on properties of material, rather than binder composition – which exerts a significant effect only on compressive strength. The results of the performed tests were applied for determination of external walls’ construction, which were subjected to analysis of risk of interstitial water vapor condensation according to Glaser method. For locations in all Polish climatic zones, no condensation or only a small amount thereof, in which case it does not accumulate in subsequent years, was found.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Gołębiewski
1
Barbara Pietruszka
2
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, ul. Koszykowa 55, 00-659 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Building Research Institute, Department of Thermal Physics, Acoustics and Environment, ul. Ksawerów 21, 00-656 Warsaw, Poland

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