The article presents the results of experimental investigations of interactions between a deformable structure and a liquid. The investigations were performed on two prismatic tanks with elastically deformable top walls. During the investigations, different levels of tank filling with liquid were examined. The investigation of this phenomenon has direct reference to frequently recorded real events, such as collision of a tanker with another ship or a harbour berth, rapid braking of a road or rail tanker, etc. Recognition of this phenomenon is based on simultaneous measurements of the following parameters:

1. excited accelerations of the tank-liquid system,

2. elastic accelerations of top walls of the tank,

3. hydrodynamic pressures on the deformable top walls.

Plastics are one of the most widely used materials, and, in most cases, they are designed to have long life spans. Since plastic and packaging waste pollute the environment for many years, their disposal is of great importance for the environment and human health. In this paper, a system was developed to store liquid fuel from plastic and organic waste mixes without solidification, which then can be used as fuel in motor vehicles and construction machinery. For this purpose, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and organic wastes and clay, zeolite, and MCS23-code materials (50% magnetite- %25 calcium oxide- %25 sodium chloride) were heated in a closed medium at temperatures ranging from 300 to400 oC and subsequently re-condensed. The study conducted twenty tests, involving various types and rates of plastic and organic materials, as well as different rates of catalysts. Among these tests, the highest liquid fuel yield (67.47%) was achieved in Test 9, where 50% PVC-50% PET waste, 75 g of clinoptilolite, and 500 g of MCS23 waste were collectively used. Notably, Test 12 exhibited the highest density value (79.8 kg/m3), while the best viscosity value (2.794 mm2/s) was observed in Test 2. Across all samples, flash point values were found to be below 40oC. The most favorable yield point value was recorded in Test 2 (-6oC). The samples displayed ash content within the range of 0 to0.01% (m/m)] and combustion heat values of 35.000> J/g which fall within the standard range. The incorporation of MCS23 with clinoptilolite additives is believed to have a significant impact on obtaining high-yield products with improved fuel properties.

In this study, the environmental impacts of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) treatment and its conversion in anaerobic digestion to glycerol tertiary butyl ether (GTBE) were assessed. The production process is a part of the innovative project of a municipal waste treatment plant. The BioRen project is funded by the EU’s research and innovation program H2020. A consortium has been set up to implement the project and to undertake specific activities to achieve the expected results. The project develops the production of GTBE which is a promising fuel additive for both diesel and gasoline. It improves engine performance and reduces harmful exhaust emissions. At the same time, the project focuses on using non-recyclable residual organic waste to produce this ether additive.

The aim of this paper is the evaluation through Life Cycle Assessment of the environmental impact GTBE production in comparison with a production of other fuels. To quantify the environmental impacts of GTBE production, the ILCD 2011 Midpoint+ v.1.10 method was considered. The study models the production of GTBE, including the sorting and separation of municipal solid waste (MSW), pre-treatment of organic content, anaerobic fermentation, distillation, catalytic dehydration of isobutanol to isobutene, etherification of GTBE with isobutene and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC).

The results indicate that unit processes: sorting and hydrothermal carbonization mostly affect the environment. Moreover, GTBE production resulted in higher environmental impact than the production of conventional fuels.