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Lipogranulomas and pigment granulomas in livers of dogs with portosystemic shunt

M. Sobczak-Filipiak T. Męcik-Kronenberg M. Czopowicz M. Galanty P. Trębacz J. Frymus I. Badurek J. Szarek
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2018 | vol. 21 | No 2 | 265-272 | DOI: 10.24425/119047
Keywords lipogranuloma pigment granuloma liver portosystemic shunt dog
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Abstract

Lipogranulomas are lesions found in histopathological liver examination in humans and in various animal species, including dogs, especially those with portosystemic shunts. They consist of macrophages and other inflammatory cells, and sometimes they contain iron salts (pigment granuloma). This study aimed at determining the number of granulomas and cellular composition of lipogranulomas in dogs with the congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt, and to identify factors associated with their development. 44 archival liver samples from dogs with portosystemic shunt were stained using HE, Perl’s method and – in randomly-selected cases – immunohistochemically against CD56, CD20 and CD3 (DAKO). A reduction in the size of the liver was observed in all dogs during laparotomy, and the diameter of the vessel circumventing the liver was also measured (in 24 dogs). Lipogranulomas were found in 52.3% of samples; iron salts were present in 47.8% of them; 72% of cells in lipogranulomas were macrophages. In lipogranulomas both types of lymphocytes – T and B – were seen. The presence of lipogranulomas in liver samples in dogs was connected with fatty degeneration of hepatocytes and was correlated with the age of animals and with the diameter of the abnormal vessel circumventing the liver. Their formation appears to be triggered by severe ischemia and shortage of nutrient supply.
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Sobczak-Filipiak
T. Męcik-Kronenberg
M. Czopowicz
M. Galanty
P. Trębacz
J. Frymus
I. Badurek
J. Szarek

Metabolic parameters in young turkeys fed diets with different inclusion levels of copper nanoparticles

K. Kozłowski J. Jankowski K. Otowski Z. Zduńczyk K. Ognik
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2018 | vol. 21 | No 2 | 245–253 | DOI: 10.24425/119043
Keywords nano-copper turkey blood liver redox status
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis postulating that the supplementation of turkey diets with Cu nanoparticles can lower dietary inclusion levels of Cu without compromising the growth rate and antioxidant status of turkeys. The experiment was carried out on 648 one-day-old Hybrid Converter turkeys divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates per group, in a two-factorial design with 3 dietary inclusion levels of Cu (20, 10 and 2 mg/kg) and 2 dietary sources of Cu - copper sulfate (Cu-SUL) and Cu nanoparticles (Cu-NP). At 42 days of age, blood samples were collected from 2 birds per replicate (12 birds per group), after slaughter livers were collected for analyses. Blood and liver samples were assayed for: Cu, Zn, Ca, P, Mg, GLU, TP, ALB, UREA, TAG, TC, UA, ALT, AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, SOD, GPx, CAT, VIT C, FRAP, GSH+GSSG, LOOH, MDA. The results of this experiment demonstrate that a decrease in the dietary inclusion levels of Cu from 10 mg/kg to 2 mg/kg does not compromise the growth performance of turkeys, but weakens antioxidant defense mechanisms. A Cu dose of 20 mg/kg induces oxidation reactions and has a much more inhibitory effect on the antioxidant defense system than dietary Cu content of 2 mg/kg. In turkeys, dietary supplementation with Cu-NP has a more beneficial effect on carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant status compared with Cu-SUL. The results of analyses examining the antioxidant and metabolic status of young turkeys indicate that 10 mg/kg is the optimal dietary inclusion level of Cu.
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Authors and Affiliations

K. Kozłowski
J. Jankowski
K. Otowski
Z. Zduńczyk
K. Ognik

Histopathological changes and oxidative damage in hepatic tissue of rats experimentally infected with Babesia bigemina

B. Esmaeilnejad M. Tavassoli A. Samiei A. Abbasi A. Shafipour N. Esmaeilnejad
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2018 | vol. 21 | No 3 | 517-524 | DOI: 10.24425/124285
Keywords liver oxidative damage rats antioxidants Babesia bigemina
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Abstract

The present study was aimed to investigate oxidative stress, DNA damage, and histopatholog- ical alterations in hepatic tissues of splenectomized Wistar rats experimentally infected with Ba- besia bigemina. Rats were challenged with 5x106 infected erythrocytes. Babesia infection was con- firmed both with Giemsa’s staining blood smears and nested-PCR amplified region of apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) gene. Parasitemia reached approximately 10 % at day 5 post-in- fection. Livers of infected rats were enlarged and darker in color, became extremely brittle with marked congestion. Microscopic evaluation showed cytoplasmic clearing of hepatocytes and se- vere hydropic changes with significantly dilated sinusoids containing macrophages and also intra- sinosoidal parasitized erythrocytes. Severe infiltration of lymphoplasma cells was also present throughout the liver parenchyma. Furthermore, Kupffer cells were enlarged and, occasionally, containing Babesia-parasitized erythrocytes. The activity of Glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were also significantly decreased (p < 0.05) after infection of rats with B. bigemina. B. bigemina infection also induced a significant increase (p < 0.05) in hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide-derived products (NOx) concentra- tions as well as amount of endogenous hepatocytes DNA damage. Hepatic damage was also re- flected through the measurement of lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) and protein carbonyl con- tent (PCO) in liver cells. These two indices of liver injury were also significantly elevated (p < 0.5) during B. bigemina infection. Evaluation of correlation between assayed variables in infected rats revealed that MDA levels were positively correlated with PCO, NOx, LDH and DNA damage in the infected group and negatively correlated with GSH, CAT and TAC. There was also an inverse relationship between the antioxidant enzymes activities of GSH, CAT and TAC with PCO, NOx and DNA damage in infected rats. However, NOx showed positive correlation with PCO and DNA damage in infected rats. On the basis of the above results it can be concluded that the Ba- besia infection increases oxidative stress markers, protein carbonyl content and DNA damage and decreases antioxidant enzymes activities in the liver. These results suggest that B. bigemina infec- tion could alter the liver histopathology and causes DNA damage following oxidative stress in hepatic tissue. Further studies are needed to precisely define how hepatic tissue damage takes place in B. bigemina infection.

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Authors and Affiliations

B. Esmaeilnejad
M. Tavassoli
A. Samiei
A. Abbasi
A. Shafipour
N. Esmaeilnejad

Effect of Ageratina adenophora on hepatic and pulmonic pathological lesions in horses

X.L. Gu F.Y. Dai X. Xiao G.Z. Li L.M. Zhang W.J. Qu
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 4 | 611-613 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.139987
Keywords Ageratina adenophora liver lung horse toxicity
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Abstract

The effect of Ageratina adenophora on pathological characteristics of the liver and lungs as well as serum biochemical parameters in horses were investigated. Ten horses without ingestion history of Ageratina adenophora were classified into the control group, and 10 poisoned but survived horses with 3 months ingestion history were set as the case group. Results showed that serum AST, ALT, ALP, magnesium and phosphorus were elevated significantly, while creatinine was decreased remarkably. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of liver tissues showed diffuse swelling or destruction of hepatocytes, narrowing or atrophy of the hepatic sinusoids, and little lymphocytic infiltration; lung tissues presented destroyed alveoli and inflammatory cell infiltration.
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Bibliography


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Authors and Affiliations

X.L. Gu
1
F.Y. Dai
1
X. Xiao
1
G.Z. Li
2
L.M. Zhang
1
W.J. Qu
1
  1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Jin Hei Road No.65, Panlong District, 650051, Kunming, P.R. China
  2. College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China

Influence of simvastatin on hepatocytes – histopathological and immunohistochemical study

M. Mikiewicz I. Otrocka-Domagała K. Paździor-Czapula
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2019 | vol.22 | No 2 | 263–270 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2019.127095
Keywords statin hepatotoxicity Bcl-2 apoptosis liver pig
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Abstract

The present study was undertaken to highlight the influence of simvastatin administration on hepatocyte morphology, proliferation, and apoptosis. The study included 48 gilts aged 3 months (weighing ca. 30 kg) divided into groups I (control; n=24) and II, receiving 40 mg/animal simvas- tatin orally (simavastatin; n=24) for 29 days. The animals were euthanized on days subsequent to the experiment. The livers were sampled, fixed, and processed routinely for histopathology, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry (for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Bcl-2, and caspase-3). Apoptosis was visualized by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL). Simvastatin administration caused acute hepatocyte swelling, glycogen de- pletion, hyperaemia, multifocal hepatocyte proliferation with occasional pseudoacinar formation, connective tissue hyperplasia, eosinophil infiltration, and interface hepatitis. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen index, mean diameter of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions, and Bcl-2 immunoexpression were lower compared to control, and mean caspase-3 immunoexpression was higher in group II compared to control. On day 25 and 29 single hepatocytes in the simvasta- tin-treated group were TUNEL-positive. Simvastatin caused morphological alteration which became more intense over time. The results from the present study suggest that simvastatin treat- ment may cause glycogen, lipid metabolism and cell membrane permeability distortion, fibrosis, interface hepatitis, reduction in hepatocyte proliferation and transcriptional activity, and enhanced vulnerability to apoptosis. Summing up the results, it can be concluded that simvastatin caused liver damage with similar morphological changes seen in autoimmune-like liver injury, which may indicate that simvastatin may induce autoimmune-like drug induced liver injury.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Mikiewicz
I. Otrocka-Domagała
K. Paździor-Czapula

Ultrasonographic image of fatty infiltration of the liver correlates with selected biochemical parameters and back fat thickness of periparturient Holstein-Friesian cows

D. Grzybowska P. Sobiech D. Tobolski
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2023 | vol. 26 | No 4 | 723-732 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2023.148292
Keywords blood biochemistry dairy cattle fatty liver disease ketosis liver ultrasound subcutaneous fat transition period
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Abstract

During the transition period, the cow’s body activates adaptive mechanisms aimed at adjusting to the changing demand for energy and nutrients, which are necessary for the growing fetus and the subsequent start of milk production. This time is also associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases and reproductive disorders.
Our study aimed to identify prepartum and postpartum biochemical markers and weight loss patterns that could differentiate cows that would exhibit ultrasonographic signs of liver fatty infiltration during the latter half of the transition period.
The study was performed in a single herd of Holstein-Friesian cows and the animals were divided into two groups: CON (n=13) – cows without ultrasonographic signs of fatty liver, and FL (n=16) – cows with ultrasonographic signs of fatty liver. Backfat thickness and specific biochemical parameters were measured weekly from one week before parturition to 9 weeks postpartum.
Our study highlights the importance of using a combination of monitoring methods to assess the metabolic status of transition dairy cattle. The results showed that ultrasound measurements of backfat thickness, blood NEFA levels, glucose concentration, and AST activity were all different (p<0.05) between the control and FL groups, indicating the usefulness of these parameters in monitoring the health status of transition cows. Additionally, the results suggest that high prepartum glucose levels (4.99 mmol/l) could serve as a potential marker for future FL, while the elevated NEFA levels (0.51 mmol/l) and decreased AST activity (80.56 u/l) in FL animals indicate their potential as indicators of lipid mobilization and liver structural damage, respectively.
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Authors and Affiliations

D. Grzybowska
1
P. Sobiech
1
D. Tobolski
1
  1. Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland

Effect of kebar grass extract ( Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch) on histopathological changes in liver of mice offspring from the parent exposed to carbofuran during lactation period

N.A. Yulitasari S. Hidanah Widjiati V.F. Hendrawan E.M. Luqman
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 4 | 573-578 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.139982
Keywords pesticide stress carbofuran Kebar grass extract lactation period liver
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Abstract

This study aims to determine the potential of Kebar grass extract in reducing the impact of liver damage in mice offspring ( Mus musculus) from parent exposed to carbofuran during lactation period. 42 lactation mice ( Mus musculus) used in the study were divided into seven groups, each group consisting of six mice. Carbofuran, Kebar grass extract, and vitamin C are administered orally on days 1 to 14 after birth. This group consisted of K (aquadest), P1 (carbofuran 1/4 LD50 0.0125 mg/day), P2 (carbofuran 1/8 LD50 0.00625 mg/day), P3 (Kebar grass extract 3.375 mg (0.2 ml) + carbofuran 1/4 LD50), P4 (Kebar grass extract 3.375 mg (0.2 ml) + carbofuran 1/8 LD50), P5 (vitamin C 5 mg (0.2 ml) + carbofuran 1/4 LD50), and P6 (vitamin C 5 mg (0.2 ml) + carbofuran 1/8 LD50). On the 15th day after birth, mice were sacrified and their liver taken for microscopic examination with hematoxilin and eosin staining. The scoring data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test. The result showed significant different (p<0.05) among the treatment groups. Mean of P4 in degeration is (1.13), necrosis (1.13) and inflamation (0.73), while the mean of P6 in degeneration is (2.20), necrosis (2.73) and inflamation (1.93). The conclusion of this research is giving Kebar grass extract is more effective in reducing degeneration, necrosis and inflammatory cell’s infiltration than vitamin C in in mice offspring ( Mus musculus) from parent exposed to carbofuran during lactation period.
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Authors and Affiliations

N.A. Yulitasari
1
S. Hidanah
1
Widjiati
1
V.F. Hendrawan
2
E.M. Luqman
1
  1. Department of Veterinary Science Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Airlangga Kampus C Unair, Jalan Mulyorejo Surabaya 60115 Indonesia
  2. Department of Animal Reproduction Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. MT. Haryono No.169, Ketawanggede, Lowokwaru, Kota Malang, 65144 Indonesia

Effects of adaptive duration to salinity in drinking water on behavior, weight gain and blood biochemical parameters in growing goats

T. Nguyen N. Nguyen Trong N. Chaiyabutr S. Thammacharoen
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 1 | 127-134 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149343
Keywords diluted seawater goat kidney and liver functions production stepwise adaptation
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Abstract

This experiment aimed to determine the effect of adaptive duration to saline water on behaviors, weight gain and blood biochemical parameters in growing goats. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, which included four treatments with five animals per group. The goats were administered either fresh water (control) or seawater with a salinity of 1.5%, with varying durations of adaptation to seawater. The adaptive durations included an abrupt change (A0) from fresh water to seawater with a salinity of 1.5% or stepwise adaptation either 4 (A4) or 7 (A7) days of increasing saline concentrations. The results showed that dry matter intake in the non-adapted goats (A0 group) was lower than that of the control group or the adapted goats throughout the experiment (p<0.05). In contrast, water intake from drinking saline water was greater than that in the control group (p<0.05). Body weigh did not differ among the treatments; however, non-adapted goats exhibited a lower weight gain than the adapted goats (p<0.05). The goats in the A0 and A4 groups exhibited increased plasma levels of urea, AST, and ALT compared with the control and A7 groups. However, blood electrolyte levels remained unchanged and were within the normal range for goats. Therefore, it is concluded that the stepwise adaptation to seawater with a salinity of 1.5% for 21 days has no influence on productivity and health status of goats.
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Authors and Affiliations

T. Nguyen
1
N. Nguyen Trong
2
N. Chaiyabutr
3
S. Thammacharoen
3
  1. Department of Agricultural Technology, College of Rural Development, Can Tho University, 3/2 street, Can Tho city 94000, Vietnam
  2. Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, 3/2 street, Can Tho city 94000, Vietnam
  3. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, HenriDunang street, Bangkok 10330, Thailand

Semantic segmentation and PSO based method for segmenting liver and lesion from CT images

P Vaidehi Nayantara Surekha Kamath Manjunath KN Rajagopal Kadavigere
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 3 | 635-640 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.141283
Keywords Liver lesion segmentation computed tomography semantic segmentation SegNet Particle swarm optimization-based clustering Hounsfield Unit
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Abstract

The liver is a vital organ of the human body and hepatic cancer is one of the major causes of cancer deaths. Early and rapid diagnosis can reduce the mortality rate. It can be achieved through computerized cancer diagnosis and surgery planning systems. Segmentation plays a major role in these systems. This work evaluated the efficacy of the SegNet model in liver and particle swarm optimization-based clustering technique in liver lesion segmentation. Over 2400 CT images were used for training the deep learning network and ten CT datasets for validating the algorithm. The segmentation results were satisfactory. The values for Dice Coefficient and volumetric overlap error achieved were 0.940 ± 0.022 and 0.112 ± 0.038, respectively for liver and the results for lesion delineation were 0.4629 ± 0.287 and 0.6986 ± 0.203, respectively. The proposed method is effective for liver segmentation. However, lesion segmentation needs to be further improved for better accuracy.
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Authors and Affiliations

P Vaidehi Nayantara
1
Surekha Kamath
1
Manjunath KN
2
Rajagopal Kadavigere
2
  1. Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
  2. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India

Pathogenesis and prognosis of intrarenal reflux

Ioanna Gkalonaki Evangelia Schoina Michail Anastasakis Ioannis Patoulias
Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2023 | Vol. 63 | No 2 | 57-64 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2023.145913
Keywords intrarenal reflux renal scar renal papillae vesicoureteral reflux N-acetyl-beta-glycosamini-dase beta 2 microglobulin Pentraxin 3 Liver-type fatty-acid-binding protein
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Abstract

Scar development in the children’s renal cortex with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is one of the most important parameters of prognosis. It can develop regardless of the chosen treatment, even after the regression of VUR. The shape of the renal papillae, the ascending urinary tract infection, the greater than third-degree VUR, and finally the increased intra-calyceal pressure, induce the formation of renal scarring in the renal parenchyma. Renal scarring may complicate VUR independently of the therapeutic strategy (conservative or operative) and its regression. For restitution of this entity, many scientific terms have been used and the most common of them is intrarenal reflux (IRR). The effects of VUR on future renal function result from the limited ability of the affected kidney to grow (failure of renal growth) due to the existence of scars in the renal cortex, the worsening of these scars, or finally the creation of new scars. With the present study, we intend to clarify the etiology and the pathophysiology of IRR and the relation of VUR prognosis to newer biomarkers such as N-acetyl-beta-glycosaminidase, beta-2 microglobulin, Pen-traxin- 3 and Liver-type fatty-acid-binding protein.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ioanna Gkalonaki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Evangelia Schoina
1
Michail Anastasakis
1
Ioannis Patoulias
1
  1. First Department of Pediatric Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital “G. Gennimatas”, Thessaloniki, Greece

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