In this paper, the usage of graphene transistors is introduced to be a suitable solution for extending low power designs. Static and current mode logic (CML) styles on both nanoscale graphene and silicon FINFET technologies are compared. Results show that power in CML styles approximately are independent of frequency and the graphene-based CML (GCML) designs are more power-efficient as the frequency and complexity increase. Compared to silicon-based CML (Si-CML) standard cells, there is 94% reduction in power consumption for G-CML counterparts. Furthermore, a G-CML 4-bit adder respectively offers 8.9 and 1.7 times less power and delay than the Si-CML adder.

A simple analog circuit is presented which can play a neuron role in static-model-based neural networks implemented in the form of an integrated circuit. Operating in a transresistance mode it is suited to cooperate with transconductance synapses. As a result, its input signal is a current which is a sum of currents coming from the synapses. Summation of the currents is realized in a node at the neuron input. The circuit has two outputs and provides a step function signal at one output and a linear function one at the other. Activation threshold of the step output can be conveniently controlled by means of a voltage. Having two outputs, the neuron is attractive to be used in networks taking advantage of fuzzy logic. It is built of only five MOS transistors, can operate with very low supply voltages, consumes a very low power when processing the input signals, and no power in the absence of input signals. Simulation as well as experimental results are shown to be in a good agreement with theoretical predictions. The presented results concern a 0.35 1m CMOS process and a prototype fabricated in the framework of Europractice.

Low-power consumption and long-distance transmission are two problems that have to be solved by the application of broadband power line communication for the automatic meter reading system. To reduce the power consumption of the communication module, based on the analysis of the composition of the power consumption, some methods are proposed. From the communication chip level and the module circuit level, the design scheme of low-power consumption is given. To solve the problem of transmission distance, a frequency band of 2.44 MHz~5.6 MHz is used as the main working frequency band. The communication module supports multiple frequency bands. Using this feature, the optimal frequency band is adaptively selected for communication and automatic switching, which further improve the transmission distance. Field application shows that the above methods effectively decrease the power consumption of the communication module and extend the transmission distance.

This paper presents an investigation into effect of nitrogen content of shielding gas mixture on weld geometry, microstructure and hardness of pulsed laser welded 2205 duplex stainless steel. Full penetration autogenous welding was performed on 2 mm thick plates using a low power pulsed Nd: YAG laser. light and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the resulting microstructures. It is observed that 2 mm full penetrated joint decreases to 1.8 mm by dominating nitrogen in argon-nitrogen mixture. Different morphologies of austenite phase as well as an increase of 8% of its content can be observed in pure nitrogen shielded welds. Average weld grain size in sample which is welded in nitrogen atmosphere stands at approximately 41 μm which is smaller than that of argon atmosphere which is about 51 μm. Micro-hardness test reveals that hardness values increase from 280 HV in base metal to 307 HV in weld center line and the shielding gas mixture does not significantly influence the weld hardness.