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Number of results: 229
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Abstract

Currently used procedures in room acoustics measurements are not automated. Particularly in medium-sized and large areas they require a lot of time and intensive labour which directly translates into an increase in the measurement cost. Introduction of an automated system would increase efficiency of the measurements, and therefore could present both practical and scientific benefit. The paper presents initial feasibility study for designing a system that permits the measurement of selected acoustic parameters for any choice of three-dimensional grid of measurement points throughout the volume of the room. The system will utilize an autonomous probe attached to a blimp, and will be able to measure and analyze acoustic characteristics of the rooms. The article discusses the initial choices of the system elements, starting from the general idea, through the mechanical design and control procedures, the software that controls positioning and flying of the probe, up to the automation of the measurement procedure and its possible impact on the acoustic field.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bartłomiej Borkowski
Marek Pluta
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Abstract

The problem of management of memory in a signal processor has been discussed on the example of time parameters measurement system of transient signals. General rules of memory management and allocation in TMS320C6713 DSK have been described.

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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Ćwikliński
Wiesław Kiciński
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Abstract

Telemedicine is one of the most innovative and promising applications of technology in contemporary medicine. Telemedical systems, a sort of distributed measurement systems, are used for continuous or periodic monitoring of human vital signals in the environment of living. This approach has several advantages in comparison to traditional medical care: e.g. patients experience fewer hospitalizations, emergency room visits, lost time from work, the costs of treatment are reduced, and the quality of life is improved. Currently, chronic respiratory diseases comprise one of the most serious public health problems. Simultaneously patients suffering from these diseases are well suitable for home monitoring. This paper describes the design and technical realization of a telemedical system that has been developed as a platform suitable for monitoring patients with chronic pulmonary diseases and fitted to Polish conditions. The paper focuses on the system's architecture, included medical tests, adopted hardware and software, and preliminary internal evaluation. The performed tests demonstrated good overall performance of the system. At present further work goes on to put it into practice.

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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Mroczka
Adam Polak
Grzegorz Głomb
Tomasz Guszkowski
Ireneusz Jabłoński
Bogdan Kasprzak
Janusz Pękala
Andrzej Stępień
Zbigniew Świerczyński
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Abstract

A measurement system for 256-channel in vitro recordings of brain tissue electrophysiological activity is presented in the paper. The system consists of the brain tissue life support system, Microelectrode Array (MEA), conditioning Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC’s) for signals conditioning, Digitizer and PC application for measurement data presentation and storage. The life support system keeps brain tissue samples in appropriately saturated artificial cerebrospinal fluid at a very stable temperature. The MEA consists of two hundred and fifty-six 40 μm diameter tip-shaped electrodes. The ASIC’s performs amplification and filtering of the 256-field and action potential signals. The Digitizer performs simultaneous data acquisition from 256 channels 14 kS/s sample rate and 12-bit resolution. The resulting byte stream is transmitted to the PC via USB (Universal Serial Bus). Preliminary tests confirm that the system is capable of keeping the extracted brain tissue active (hippocampal formation slices) and simultaneously to record action potentials, as well as local theta field potentials with very small amplitudes from multiple neurons

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Authors and Affiliations

Miroslaw Zoladz
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Abstract

In this paper a measurement system for determination of supercapacitor equivalent parameters is proposed. Specific properties of materials used for supercapacitor construction require some advanced tools and measurement procedures to be applied during tests. The measurement system allows to measure values of equivalent parameters by both the DC and AC method whilst keeping appropriate time criteria required by this type of devices. Furthermore, in this paper the most relevant properties and measurement capabilities of the proposed system are described as well as some exemplary values of the supercapacitor equivalent parameters measured experimentally are presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard Kopka
Wiesław Tarczyński
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Abstract

This paper presents a low-cost and smart measurement system to acquire and analyze mechanical motion parameters. The measurement system integrates several measuring nodes that include one or more triaxial accelerometers, a temperature sensor, a data acquisition unit and a wireless communication unit. Particular attention was dedicated to measurement system accuracy and compensation of measurement errors caused by power supply voltage variations, by temperature variations and by accelerometers’ misalignments. Mathematical relationships for error compensation were derived and software routines for measurement system configuration, data acquisition, data processing, and self-testing purposes were developed. The paper includes several simulation and experimental results obtained from an assembled prototype based on a crank-piston mechanism

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Authors and Affiliations

J.M. Dias Pereira
Vítor Viegas
Octavian Postolache
Pedro Silva Girão
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Abstract

When an artificial neural network is used to determine the value of a physical quantity its result is usually presented without an uncertainty. This is due to the difficulty in determining the uncertainties related to the neural model. However, the result of a measurement can be considered valid only with its respective measurement uncertainty. Therefore, this article proposes a method of obtaining reliable results by measuring systems that use artificial neural networks. For this, it considers the Monte Carlo Method (MCM) for propagation of uncertainty distributions during the training and use of the artificial neural networks.

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Authors and Affiliations

Rodrigo Coral
Carlos A. Flesch
Cesar A. Penz
Mauro Roisenberg
Antonio L.S. Pacheco
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Abstract

Determination of the physico-chemical interactions between liquid and solid substances is a key technological factor in many industrial processes in metallurgy, electronics or the aviation industry, where technological processes are based on soldering/brazing technologies. Understanding of the bonding process, reactions between materials and their dynamics enables to make research on new materials and joining technologies, as well as to optimise and compare the existing ones. The paper focuses on a wetting force measurement method and its practical implementation in a laboratory stand – an integrated platform for automatic wetting force measurement at high temperatures. As an example of using the laboratory stand, an analysis of Ag addition to Cu-based brazes, including measurement of the wetting force and the wetting angle, is presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Bąkała
Rafał Wojciechowski
Dominik Sankowski
Adam Rylski
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Abstract

The paper presents a method of developing a variable structure measurement system with intelligent components for flight vehicles. In order to find a distinguishing feature of a variable structure, a numerical criterion for selecting measuring sensors is proposed by quantifying the observability of different states of the system. Based on the Peter K. Anokhin’s theory of functional systems, a mechanism of “action acceptor” is built with intelligent components, e.g. self-organization algorithms. In this mechanism, firstly, prediction models of system states are constructed using self-organization algorithms; secondly, the predicted and measured values are compared; thirdly, an optimal structure of the measurement system is finally determined based on the results of comparison. According to the results of simulation with practical data and experiments obtained during field tests, the novel developed measurement system has the properties of high-accuracy, reliable operation and fault tolerance.

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Authors and Affiliations

Kai Shen
Maria S. Selezneva
Konstantin A. Neusypin
Andrey V. Proletarsky
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Abstract

Based on the publications regarding new or recent measurement systems for the tokamak plasma experiments, it can be found that the monitoring and quality validation of input signals for the computation stage is done in different, often simple, ways. In the paper is described the unique approach to implement the novel evaluation and data quality monitoring (EDQM) model for use in various measurement systems. The adaptation of the model is made for the GEM-based soft X-ray measurement system FPGA-based. The EDQM elements has been connected to the base firmware using PCI-E DMA real-time data streaming with minimal modification. As additional storage, on-board DDR3 memory has been used. Description of implemented elements is provided, along with designed data processing tools and advanced simulation environment based on Questa software.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Wojenski
Krzysztof T. Pozniak
Didier Mazon
Maryna Chernyshova
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Abstract

Ensuring the required quality of castings is an important part of the production process. The quality control should be carried out in a fast

and accurate way. These requirements can be met by the use of an optical measuring system installed on the arm of an industrial robot. In

the article a methodology for assessing the quality of robotic measurement system to control certain feature of the casting, based on the

analysis of repeatability and reproducibility is presented. It was shown that industrial robots equipped with optical measuring systems have

the accuracy allowing their use in the process of dimensional control of castings manufactured by lost-wax process, permanent-mould

casting, and pressure die-casting.

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Authors and Affiliations

R. Kluz
J. Jaworski
T. Trzepieciński
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Abstract

The paper presents a method of measuring deformations of cylindrical samples on the testing machine for free tube hydroforming experiments. During experiments a sample made of a thin-walled metal tube is expanded by the internal pressure of the working liquid and additionally subjected to axial compression. This results in a considerable circumferential deformation of the tube and its shortening. Analysis of the load cases and their impact on the deformations can be helpful in determining e.g. tube material properties or general limiting conditions in the tube hydroforming process. In connection with the above, the value of deformations and knowledge of their course during experiment has become one of the most important problems related to the issue described above.

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Authors and Affiliations

H. Sadłowska
Ł. Morawiński
C. Jasiński
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Abstract

The paper presents improvements of the developed system for hot plasma radiation measurement in the soft Xray range based on a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector. Scope of work consists of a new solution for handling hardware time-synchronization with tokamak systems needed for better synchronization with other diagnostics and measurement quality. The paper describes the support of new modes of triggering on PC-side. There are communication and data path overview in the system. The new API is described, which provide separate channels for data and control and is more robust than the earlier solution. Work concentrates on stability and usability improvements of the implemented device providing better usage for end-user.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Linczuk
1
Andrzej Wojenski
2
Piotr Kolasinski
2
Rafał Krawczyk
2 3
Wojciech Zabolotny
2
Krzysztof Pozniak
2
Maryna Chernyshova
4
Tomasz Czarski
4
Michał Gaska
2
Grzegorz Kasprowicz
2
Karol Malinowski
4

  1. Institute of Electronic Systems, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
  2. Institute of Electronic Systems, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
  3. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  4. Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Robotic total stations are a group of surveying instruments that can be used to measure moving prisms. These devices can generate significant errors during kinematic surveys. This is due to the different speeds of the total station’s measurement subsystems, which results in the observations of the point location being performed in different places of the space. Total stations which are several years old may generate errors of up to a few dozen centimeters. More modern designs, with much lower delays of the mechanical and electronic subsystems, theoretically allow to significantly reduce the values of the errors. This study involved the performance of kinematic tests on the modern robotic total station Leica MS50 in order to determine the values of measurement errors, and also to define the possibility of using them for the above-mentioned applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

G. Lenda
A. Uznański
M. Strach
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Abstract

The results and method of measurements of D, H and T carried out at Hornsund in the summer of 1979 are presented. The relative and absolute values of these elements are given in reduction to the Polish magnetic station at Hornsund. An initial evaluation of changes in the magnetic field from 1957 to 1979 is carried out.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Koblański
Stanisław Małoszewski
Janusz Śliz
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Abstract

This paper presents the results of magnetic mapping carried out in the area of the metamorphic series of Ariekammen and Skoddefjellet. On the basis of qualitative interpretation of measurements a number of anomalous zones were distinguished, whose position can be correlated with local changes in mineralitation and polymetallic ore content in the Fuglebergsletta area. The SE-NW orientation, skew to the almost meridional run of the layers of slates and marbles making up the metamorphic complex, dominates in the course of the anomalous zones.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Koblański
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Abstract

It was demonstrated that in the fishes of the species Trematomus bernacchi, predominant in the regions of the USSR Antarctic Station Mirny (Davis Sea), body proportions changes along with the growth of these specimens. Measurements include 20 plastic features in 171 fishess (total length 110.2—265.0 mm). Statistically significant variations of eleven proportions of the body were stated during the growth of the fishes. Five other proportions changed in a degree of little statistical significance, whereas the last three of the body proportions did not change at all.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard J. Wróblewski
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Abstract

The performance of drives with switched reluctance motors (SRMs) depends on magnetic materials used in their construction which influence static parameters such as inductance and electromagnetic torque profiles. The paper deals with simulations of switched reluctance motors in the finite element method and their comparison with measurements. Two kinds of switched reluctance motors were analysed, the modified Emerson Electric motor with a laminated steel core and a prototype, the one with a magnetic core made of iron-based powder composite materials. In the first part of the research, magnetization curves of magnetic materials were measured for static and dynamic conditions with 50 Hz. Next, simulations and measurements of inductance and developed torque were compared and analysed. In the last part of the research, simulations of magnetic flux density in motors were conducted. As the result of the research, it occurred that the simulations and measurements are quite close and two kinds of motors exhibit similar performance.
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Bibliography

[1] Miller T.J.E., Brushless permanent-magnet and reluctance motor drives, Oxford University Press (1989).
[2] Krishnan R., Switched reluctance motor drives: modelling, simulation, analysis, design, and applications, CRC Press (2001).
[3] Ahn J.-W., Switched reluctance motor, in book Torque control Ed. Lamchich M.T., Intech (2011), DOI: 10.5772/10520.
[4] Lawrenson P.J., Stephenson J.M., Blenkinsop P.T., Corda J., Fulton N.N., Variable-speed switched reluctance motors, IEE Proceedings B. (Electric Power Applications), vol. 127, no. 4, pp. 253–265 (1980), DOI: 10.1049/ip-b.1980.0034.
[5] Widmer J.D., Martin R., Kimiabeigi M., Electric vehicle traction motors without rare earth magnets, Sustainable Materials and Technologies, vol. 3, pp. 7–13 (2015), DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2015.02.001.
[6] Riba J.-R., López-Torres C., Romeral L., Garcia A., Rare-earth-free propulsion motors for electric vehicles: A technology review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 57, pp. 367–379 (2016), DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.121.
[7] Nakamura H., The current and future status of rare earth permanent magnets, Scripta Materialia, vol. 154, pp. 273–276 (2018), DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.11.010.
[8] Coey J.M.D., Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Cambridge University Press (2010).
[9] Shokrollahi H., Janghorban K., Soft magnetic composite materials (SMCs), Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 189, no. 1–3, pp. 1–12 (2007), DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.02.034.
[10] Périgo E.A.,Weidenfeller B., Kollár P., Füzer J., Past, present, and future of soft magnetic composites, Applied Physics Reviews, vol. 5, no. 3 (2018), DOI: 10.1063/1.5027045.
[11] Przybylski M., Modelling and analysis of the low-power 3-phase switched reluctance motor, Archives of Electrical Engineering, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 443–454 (2019), DOI: 10.24425/aee.2019.128279.
[12] Przybylski M., Slusarek B., Di Barba P., Mognaschi M.E.,Wiak S., Temperature and torque measurements of switched reluctance actuator with composite or laminated magnetic cores, Sensors, vol. 20, no. 3065, pp. 1–14 (2020), DOI: 10.3390/s20113065.
[13] Meeker D., Finite element method magnetics – User’s manual, ver. 4.2 (2018).
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Przybylski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Łukasiewicz Research Network – Tele and Radio Research Institute, Poland
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Abstract

The wide variety of electrode shapes and their arrangement relative to each other, as well as the possibility of corona discharge in the ambient air, have created prerequisites for the development of a number of new methods and corona discharge transducers designed to measure microwire parameters and linear dimensions of various objects. The principally new noncontact control method is based on the dependence of the corona discharge current value on the diameter of the corona wire placed inside the discharge chamber. This paper provides an overview of this method.
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Bibliography

[1] Sh.A.Bahtaev, A.A.Bokanova, G.V.Bochkareva, G.K.Sydykova. Fizika i tehnika koronnorazrjadnyh priborov. Almaty 2007.
[2] Sh.A.Bahtaev, G.K.Sydykova, A.Zh. Tojgozhinova, K.Kodzhabergenova. Koronnyj razrjad na mikrojelektrodah. Almaty 2017 – 78p.
[3] Sh.A.Bakhtaev, G.V Bochkareva., G.D.Musapirova, “The pulsed current mode of the negative corona,” Vestnik Kaz NTU, no. 3, pp. 212-217, 2010.
[4] T. Abiru, F. Mitsugi, T. Ikegami, K. Ebihara, S.-ichi Aoqui, K. Nagahama, “Environmental application of electrical discharge for ozone treatment of soil,” Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 42-44, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5604 /20830157.1176573.
[5] Z. Lv, S. Rowland, S.Chen, H. Zheng, K.Wu, “Modelling of partial discharge characteristics in electrical tree channels: Estimating the PD inception and extinction voltages,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, no. 25, pp. 1999-2010, 2018. doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2018.007175.
[6] M. Szadkowski, “New method of analysis of partial discharges,” Przegląd Elektrotechniczny, vol. 90 no. 3, 103-106, 2014. doi: 10.12915/pe.2014.03.21
[7] Sh.A. Bahtaev, G.V.Bochkarjova, G.I. Bokova, “Sposob kontrolja diametra mikroprovoloki,” Republic of Kazakhstan Patent no. 5070, Ofic.bjull., Prom.sobstv., no. 10, 1998.
[8] Sh.A.Bahtaev, G.D. Musapirova et al., “Ustrojstvo dlja izmerenija diametra mikroprovoloki,” Republic of Kazakhstan Patent no. 96543, Ofic.bjull., Prom.sobstv., no. 2, 30.01.2017.
[9] Predpatent RK №12038.Sposob izmerenija skorosti protjazhki mikroprovoloki // Bahtaev Sh.A. i dr.Opubl. Bjull.№9, 16.09.2002.
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[11] Sh.A.Bakhtaev, G.V.Bochkareva, G.D. Musapirova, “Areas of existence of anomalies in the high-frequency conductivity of the positive corona,” Tomsk State University Journal. AIPP no. 2, pp. 18-23, 2010.

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Authors and Affiliations

Aliya S. Tergeussizova
1
Shabden A. Bakhtaev
2
Waldemar Wójcik
3
Bekmurza H. Aitchanov
4
Gulzada D. Mussapirova
2
Aynur Zh. Toygozhinova
5

  1. Kazakh National University named after al-Farabi, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  2. Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  3. Lublin University of Technology, Lublin
  4. Suleyman Demirel University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  5. Kazakh Academy of Transport and Communications named after M.Tynyshpayev, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Abstract

Noise is a fundamental metrological characteristic of the instrument in surface topography measurement. Therefore, measurement noise should be thoroughly studied in practical measurement to understand instrument performance and optimize measurement strategy. This paper investigates the measurement noise at different measurement settings using structured illumination microscopy. The investigation shows that the measurement noise may scatter significantly among different measurement settings. Eliminating sample tilt, selecting low vertical scanning interval and high exposure time is helpful to reduce the measurement noise. In order to estimate the influence of noise on the measurement, an approach based on metrological characteristics is proposed. The paper provides a practical guide to understanding measurement noise in a wide range of applications.
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Bibliography

[1] International Organization for Standardization. (2019). Geometrical product specifications (GPS) – Surface texture: Areal – Part 600: Metrological characteristics for areal topography measuring methods (ISO 25178-600:2019). https://www.iso.org/standard/67651.html
[2] de Groot, P., & DiSciacca, J. (2020). Definition and evaluation of topography measurement noise in optical instruments. Optical Engineering, 59(6), 064110. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.59.6.064110
[3] Eifler, M., Hering, J., Seewig, J., Leach, R. K., von Freymann, G., Hu, X., & Dai, G. (2020). Comparison of material measures for areal surface topography measuring instrument calibration. Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties, 8(2), 025019. https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672X/ab92ae
[4] Vanrusselt, M., Haitjema, H., Leach, R., & de Groot, P. (2021). International comparison of noise in areal surface topography measurements. Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties, 9(2), 025015. https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672X/abfa29
[5] Giusca, C. L., Leach, R. K., Helary, F., Gutauskas, T., & Nimishakavi, L. (2012). Calibration of the scales of areal surface topography-measuring instruments: Part 1. Measurement noise and residual flatness. Measurement Science and Technology, 23(3), 035008. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/23/3/035008
[6] Grochalski, K., Wieczorowski, M., Pawlus, P., & H’Roura, J. (2020). Thermal sources of errors in surface texture imaging. Materials, 13(10), 2337. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13102337
[7] Fu, S., Cheng, F., Tjahjowidodo, T., Zhou, Y., & Butler, D. (2018). A non-contact measuring system for in-situ surface characterization based on laser confocal microscopy. Sensors, 18(8), 2657. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18082657
[8] Barker, A., Syam, W. P., & Leach, R. K. (2016, October). Measurement noise of a coherence scanning interferometer in an industrial environment. Proceedings of the Thirty-First Annual Meeting of the American Society for Precision Engineering (vol. 65, pp. 594–599). http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/id/eprint/38454
[9] Gomez, C., Su, R., De Groot, P., & Leach, R. (2020). Noise reduction in coherence scanning interferometry for surface topography measurement. Nanomanufacturing and Metrology, 3, 68–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41871-020-00057-4
[10] Leach, R. (Ed.). (2011). Optical Measurement of Surface Topography (Vol. 8). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12012-1
[11] Maculotti, G., Feng, X., Galetto, M., & Leach, R. (2018). Noise evaluation of a point autofocus surface topography measuring instrument. Measurement Science and Technology, 29(6), 065008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aab528
[12] De Groot, P. J. (2017). The meaning and measure of vertical resolution in optical surface topography measurement. Applied Sciences, 7(1), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7010054
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[14] Leach, R., Haitjema, H., Su, R.,&Thompson, A. (2020). Metrological characteristics for the calibration of surface topography measuring instruments: a review. Measurement Science and Technology, 32(3), 032001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/abb54f
[15] DIN. (2008). Optical measurement and microtopographies – Calibration of interference microscopes and depth measurement standards for roughness measurement (VDI/VDE 2655 Blatt 1.1).
[16] DIN. (2010). Optical measurement of microtopography – Calibration of confocal microscopes and depth setting standards for roughness measurement (VDI/VDE 2655 Blatt 1.2).
[17] de Groot, P., & DiSciacca, J. (2018, August). Surface-height measurement noise in interference microscopy. Interferometry XIX (Vol. 10749, p. 107490Q). International Society for Optics and Photonics. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2323900
[18] Pawlus, P., Reizer, R., & Wieczorowski, M. (2017). Problem of non-measured points in surface texture measurements. Metrology and Measurement Systems, 24(3), 525–536. https://doi.org/10.1515/mms-2017-0046
[19] International Organization for Standardization. (2012). Geometrical product specifications (GPS) – Surface texture: Areal – Part 3: Specification operators (ISO 25178-3:2012).
[20] Blateyron, F. (2014, May). Good practices for the use of areal filters. Proc. 3rd Seminar on Surface Metrology of the Americas.
[21] Podulka, P. (2020). Proposal of frequency-based decomposition approach for minimization of errors in surface texture parameter calculation. Surface and Interface Analysis, 52(12), 882–889. https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.6840
[22] He, B., Zheng, H., Ding, S.,Yang, R.,& Shi, Z. (2021).Areviewof digital filtering in surface roughness evaluation. Metrology and Measurement Systems, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.24425/mms.2021.136606
[23] Podulka, P. (2020). Comparisons of envelope morphological filtering methods and various regular algorithms for surface texture analysis. Metrology and Measurement Systems, 27(2), 243–263. https://doi.org/10.24425/mms.2020.132772
[24] Podulka, P. (2021). Reduction of Influence of the High-Frequency Noise on the Results of Surface Topography Measurements. Materials, 14(2), 333. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14020333
[25] Todhunter, L., Leach, R., & Blateyron, F. (2020). Mathematical approach to the validation of surface texture filtration software. Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties, 8(4), 045017. https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672X/abc0fb
[26] Vanrusselt, M., & Haitjema, H. (2020). Reduction of noise bias in 2.5 D surface measurements. In Proceedings of Euspen’s 20th International Conference & Exhbition, 277–281. European Society for Precision Engineering; Nothampton.
[27] Gomez, C., Su, R., Lawes, S., & Leach, R. (2019). Comparison of two noise reduction methods in coherence scanning interferometry for surface measurement. The 14th International Symposium on Measurement Technology and Intelligent Instruments.
[28] Sánchez, Á. R., Thompson, A., Körner, L., Brierley, N., & Leach, R. (2020). Review of the influence of noise in X-ray computed tomography measurement uncertainty. Precision Engineering, 66, 382–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2020.08.004
[29] confovis GmbH. Structured Illumination Microscopy. https://www.confovis.com/en/optical-measurement
[30] International Organization for Standardization. (2012). Geometrical product specifications (GPS) – Surface texture: Areal – Part 2: Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters (ISO 25178-2:2012).
[31] International Organization for Standardization. (2020). Geometrical product specifications (GPS) – Surface texture: Areal – Part 700: Calibration, adjustment and verification of areal topography measuring instruments (ISO/DIS 25178-700:2020).
[32] Leach, R., Haitjema, H., & Giusca, C. (2019). A metrological characteristics approach to uncertainty in surface metrology. Optical Inspection of Microsystems, 73–91. CRC Press.
[33] Haitjema, H. (2015). Uncertainty in measurement of surface topography. Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties, 3(3), 035004. https://doi.org/10.1088/2051-672X/3/3/035004
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Authors and Affiliations

Zhen Li
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sophie Gröger
1

  1. Chemnitz University of Technology, Department of Production Measuring Technology, Reichenhainer Straße 70, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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Abstract

Different temperature sensors show different measurement values when excited by the same dynamic temperature source. Therefore, a method is needed to determine the difference between dynamic temperature measurements. This paper proposes a novelty approach to treating dynamic temperature measurements over a period of time as a temperature time series, and derives the formula for the distance between the measurement values using uniformsampling within the time series analysis. The similarity is defined in terms of distance to measure the difference. The distance measures were studied on the analog measurement datasets. The results show that the discrete Fréchet distance has stronger robustness and higher sensitivity. The two methods have also been applied to an experimental dataset. The experimental results also confirm that the discrete Fréchet distance performs better.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zhiwen Cui
1
Wenjun Li
1
Sisi Yu
1
Minjun Jin
1

  1. College of Metrological Technology and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Abstract

A low–cost measurement system using filtering of measurements for two–wheeled balancing robot stabilisation purposes has been addressed in this paper. In particular, a measurement system based on gyroscope, accelerometer, and encoder has been considered. The measurements have been corrected for deterministic disturbances and then filtered with Kalman, a–b type, and complementary filters. A quantitative assessment of selected filters has been given. As a result, the complete structure of a measurement system has been obtained. The performance of the proposed measurement system has been validated experimentally by using a dedicated research rig.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Laddach
1
ORCID: ORCID
Rafał Łangowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Zubowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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Abstract

In order to achieve higher frequency measurement accuracy, this paper proposed a characteristic pulse detection method of fuzzy area based on the quantized phase processing method of different frequency groups. First, the fuzzy area of the group phase coincidence points continuously moved on the time axis after passing through delay elements. The moving distance, that is, the number of the delay elements was determined by the main clock cycle of the D flip-flop. After that, three groups of phase coincidence detection fuzzy areas in different positions were sent to the digital logic module to extract the edge pulses of the phase coincidence detection fuzzy area. The pulse width is determined by the difference between the clock cycles of the delay elements. The clock cycles of different delay units were adjusted to obtain nanosecond or even picosecond circuit detection resolution. Finally, the pulses generated at the edge of the phase coincidence fuzzy area are taken as the switching signal of the frequency signal counter, so the stability of the gate signal and the accuracy of the gate time measurement are improved. The experimental results show that frequency stability can reach the order of E-13/s. In addition, compared with the traditional measurement method, it is characterized by simple structure, low cost, low noises, and high measurement resolution.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xin Geng
1
Baoqiang Du
2

  1. School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, China
  2. College of Information and Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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Abstract

This paper presents the way in which temperature is measured in tests concerning structural transformations in various types of steel under welding conditions. In the test methodology, a small-sized steel specimen was subjected to simulated welding thermal cycles, during which the temperature of the specimen, changes in magnetic permeability and thermal expansion were measured simultaneously. The measurements of those parameters required the non-contact heating of the specimen, which involved the use of heating lamps. The temperature measurement was of key importance because the subsequent analysis of the remaining parameters was performed in the function of temperature.

The tests of structural transformations resulted in the development of Continuous Cooling Transformation under welding conditions (CCT) diagrams, enabling the determination of steel weldability and constituting the source of information needed to determine the effect of welding thermal cycles on the structure and properties of the material subjected to the tests.

Related numerical models to be used as the basis for the analysis of temperature distribution in the test specimen have been developed. These tests involved the analysis of the values and the distribution of temperature in relation to various model parameters, i.e. thermocouple types, geometrical features of a thermocouple junction and the diameter of thermocouple wires. The results of FEM calculations have been compared to the experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

Z. Mikno
M. Stępień
B. Grzesik

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