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Energy mass balance and temperature-index melt modelling of Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard

Dariusz Ignatiuk
Polish Polar Research | 2023 | vol. 44 | No 2 : Special Issue to celebrate 50 years anniversary of Stanislaw Baranowski Polar Station in Spitsbergen: Part 1 | 127-152 | DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2022.143314
Keywords Arctic Spitsbergen degree-day factor melt modelling glacier mass balance
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Abstract

Studying the reaction of glaciers to climate warming and the interactions of ice masses with the atmosphere is cognitively highly significant and contributes to understanding the climate change. The results from the modelling of glacier surface ablation by the temperature–index and energy balance models as well as the results of meteorological and glaciological studies on Werenskioldbreen (south Spitsbergen, Svalbard) in 2011 have been analysed to improve the understanding of the glacier system’s functioning in the High Arctic. The energy balance modelling results showed that the radiation balance (58%) and sensible heat (42%) are the main factors influencing surface ablation on the glacier. The energy balance model offers a better fit to the measured ablation than the temperature–index model. These models have to be validated and calibrated with data from automatic weather stations, which provide the relevant gradient and calibration and validation. Presented models are highly suited for calculating ablation in Svalbard and other areas of the Arctic.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Ignatiuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 12, 40-007 Katowice, Poland

Manufacturing of Composite Castings by the Method of Fused Models Reinforced with Carbon Fibers Based on the Aluminum Matrix

P. Szymański
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2023 | vol. 23 | No 3 | 118-123 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.146670
Keywords Castings Metal matrix composite (MMC) AlSi matrix Casting by melted models
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Abstract

The paper presents an attempt to produce aluminum matrix composites reinforced with short carbon fibers by precision casting in a chamber with a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure. The composite casting process was preceded by tests related to the preparation of the reinforcement. This is related to the specificity of the precision casting process, in which the mold for shaping the castings is fired at a temperature of 720°C before pouring. Before the mold burns, the reinforcement must be inside, while the carbon fiber decomposes in the atmosphere at 396°C. In the experiment, the reinforcement in the form was secured with flake graphite and quartz sand. The performed firing procedure turned out to be effective. The obtained composite castings were evaluated in terms of the degree of alloy saturation and the displacement of carbon fibers. As a result of the conducted tests, it was found that as a result of unfavorable arrangement of fibers in the CF preform, the flow of metal may be blocked and porosity may appear in the casting.
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Authors and Affiliations

P. Szymański
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznań, Poland

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