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Number of results: 19
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Abstract

Light weight, low density with high mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, aluminum is the most important material and is commonly used for high performance applications such as aerospace, military and especially automotive industries. The researchers who participate in these industries are working hard to further decrease the weight of end products according to legal boundaries of greenhouse gases. A lot of research was undertaken to produce thin sectioned aluminum parts with improved mechanical properties. Several alloying element addition were investigated. Yet, nowadays aluminum has not met these expectations. Thus, composite materials, particularly metal matrix composites, have taken aluminum’s place due to the enhancement of mechanical properties of aluminum alloys by reinforcements. This paper deals with the overview of the reinforcements such as SiC, Al2O3 and graphene. Graphene has recently attracted many researcher due to its superior elastic modulus, high fatigue strength and low density. It is foreseen and predicted that graphene will replace and outperform carbon nanotubes (CNT) in near future.
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Authors and Affiliations

U. Aybarc
D. Dispinar
M.O. Seydibeyoglu
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Abstract

In this study, metal matrix composite materials containing melt-spun Al-20Si-5Fe alloys and boron carbide was produced by high energy ball milling and then hot pressing at 200 MPa pressure and 450°C. Mechanical and microstructural characterizations were performed by using an optical microscopy, X-Ray diffractometer, and dynamic microhardness tester. It was observed that boron carbide particles were homogenously distributed in the microstructure and values of microhardness and elastic modules were averagely 830 MPa and 42 GPa, respectively.
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Authors and Affiliations

Fatih Kilicaslan M.
Uzun A.
E. Karakose
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Abstract

Copper have always been an important material and incorporation of elements into copper for property enhancement. Bronze is a relevant cuprous alloy which is important for many industrial and automotive applications like bearings and machineries. The present research is directed towards the fabrication and tribological analysis of regular bronze (Cu-6Sn) and metal matrix composites reinforced with varying particle sized SiC ceramic reinforcement (30, 35 and 40 μm). The developed specimens were subjected to wear analysis according to ASTM standards, to identify the tribological properties utilizing a pin on disk tribometer. It was noted that the wear rates of developed MMC’s phenomenally decremented with an increase in size of SiC particle reinforcement. Also, the test parameters were influential in altering the wear rates to notable margins. The standard scanning electron microscopy techniques aided in identifying the influence of adhesive wear on the specimen surface.

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Authors and Affiliations

K.V. Shankar
A.M. Chandroth
K.J.A. Ghosh
C.B. Sudhin
A.S. Pai
A. Biju
K.R. Sriram
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Abstract

The paper presents the application of the casting method for the production of porous composites, called syntactic foams, of the casting alloy - solid particles type. This method was used to produce composites based on Al alloys reinforced with particles of clinoptilolite, a natural mineral from the zeolite group. Before the casting process, tests were carried out on the morphology, physicochemical properties and chemical composition of the zeolite, which was obtained from a rock called zeolite tuff, mined in a quarry in Kucin, (VSK PRO-ZEO s.r.o., Slovakia). Observations of the microstructure of the produced composites were also carried out using a scanning electron microscope. Diffractometric tests of zeolite rock as delivered for research and of the produced samples reinforced with zeolite particles were also carried out. Initial studies of the density and porosity of the produced composites were performed. The usefulness of the presented method of composite production was assessed on the basis of the conducted structural tests, with particular emphasis on the particle distribution in the alloy matrix.
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Bibliography

[1] Dyga, R. (2017). Metal foams as structural packing in the construction of process equipment. Technical Transactions Mechanics. 4, 165-178. DOI: 10.4467/2353737XCT.17.057.6368.
[2] Gupta, N. (2007). A functionally graded syntactic foam material for high energy absorption under compression. Materials Letters. 61(4-5), 979-982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2006.06.033.
[3] Taherishargh, M., Sulong, M.A., Belova, I.V. & Murch, G.E. (2015). On the particle size effect in expanded perlite aluminum syntactic foam. Materials and Design. 66(A), 294-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.10.073.
[4] Borowiecka- Jamrozek, J., Depczyński, W. (2017). The effect of the addition of zeolite on the properties of a sintered copper-matrix composite. Metal 2017: 26rd international conference on metallurgy and materials (pp. 1652-1657).
[5] Gottardi, G. & Galli, E. (1985). Natural zeolites, mineral and rocks. Minerals. 18, 256-284. ISBN 3 540 13939 7.
[6] Nanbin, H., Dianyue, G., Bekkum, H. (2001). Introduction to zeolite science and practice. 2nd Completely revised and expanded edition, 137, (pp. 54-59).
[7] Gil, A. (1998). Analysis of the micropore structure of various microporous materials from nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. Adsorption, 4, 197-206.
[8] Jaroniec, M. & Choma, J. (1987). Characterization of activated carbons by distribution function of adsorption potential and micropore dimension. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 18(1-20, 103-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/0254-0584(87)90115-5.
[9] Brunauer, S., Emmett, P.H. & Teller, E. (1938). Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 60(2), 309-319. https://doi.org/10.1021/ ja01269a023.
[10] Gregg, S.J., Sing, K.S.W. (1982). Adsorption, Surface Area and Porosity. 2 Auglage. London: Academic Press.
[11] Kruk, M., Jaroniec, M. & Gadkaree, K.P. (1997). Nitrogen adsorption studies of novel synthetic active carbons. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 192(1), 250-256. DOI: 10.1006/jcis.1997.5009.
[12] Kruk, M., Jaroniec, M. & Sayari, A. (1997). Application of large pore MCM-41 molecular sieves to improve pore size analysis using nitrogen adsorption measurements. Langmuir. 13(23), 6267-6273. https://doi.org/10.1021/la970776m.
[13] Barrett, E.P., Joyner, L.G. & Halenda, P.P. (1951) The determination of pore volume and area distribution in porous substances. I. Computations from nitrogen isotherms. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 73(1), 373-380. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01145a126
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Authors and Affiliations

J.M. Borowiecka-Jamrozek
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Kargul
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. The Kielce University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

This paper presents the results of studies concerning the production and characterization of Al-SiC/W and Cu-SiC/W composite materials with a 30% volume fraction of reinforcing phase particles as well as the influence of corrosion and thermal shocks on the properties of selected metal matrix composites. Spark plasma sintering method (SPS) was applied for the purpose of producing these materials. In order to avoid the decomposition of SiC surface, SiC powder was coated with a thin tungsten layer using plasma vapour deposition (PVD) method. The obtained results were analysed by the effect of the corrosion and thermal shocks on materials density, hardness, bending strength, tribological and thermal properties. Qualitative X-ray analysis and observation of microstructure of sample surfaces after corrosion tests and thermal shocks were also conducted. The use of PVD technique allows us to obtain an evenly distributed layer of titanium with a constant thickness of 1.5 µm. It was found that adverse environmental conditions and increased temperature result in a change in the material behaviour in wear tests.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Strojny-Nędza
P. Egizabal
K. Pietrzak
R. Zieliński
K. Kaszyca
A. Piątkowska
M. Chmielewski
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Abstract

Current work attempts to fabricate aluminium alloy AA2219 metal matrix composite (AMC) reinforced with natural bio-based sea shell powder (SSP) which is a ceramic material, in view of improving the mechanical and tribological properties. SSP was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to assess its chemical constituents and particle size. Stir casting route was adopted for fabricating AMCs reinforced with 1, 2 and 3 wt. % of SSP. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was used to analyse the formation of secondary elements during casting and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used analyze the surface morphology of the composite specimen before and after tribological tests. Hardness, Compressive strength and tribological properties were evaluated using appropriate tests and corresponding ASTM standards. Characterization methods revealed that the formation of secondary elements was very low at 3 wt. % of SSP when compared with other compositions. Hardness and compressive strength was found to be maximum for 3 wt. % of SSP while the specific wear rate and coefficient of friction values were found to be lesser for the same composite when compared with the unreinforced alloy and were on par with the AA2219 composites containing synthetic reinforcements.
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Authors and Affiliations

V. Bhuvaneswari
1
ORCID: ORCID
L. Rajeshkumar
1
ORCID: ORCID
R. Saravanakumar
2
D. Balaji
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Coimbatore – 641407, Tamilnadu, India
  2. VSB College of Engineering and Technical Campus, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Coimbatore – 642109, Tamilnadu, India
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Abstract

Wear resistance of TiC-cast steel metal matrix composite has been investigated. Composites were obtained with SHSB method known as

SHS synthesis during casting. It has been shown the differences in wear between composite and base cast steel. The Miller slurry

machine test were used to determine wear loss of the specimens. The slurry was composed of SiC and water. The worn surface of

specimens after test, were studied by SEM. Experimental observation has shown that surface of composite zone is not homogenous and

consist the matrix lakes. Microscopic observations revealed the long grooves with SiC particles indented in the base alloy area, and

spalling pits in the composite area. Due to the presence of TiC carbides on composite layer, specimens with TiC reinforced cast steel

exhibited higher abrasion resistance. The wear of TiC reinforced cast steel mechanism was initially by wearing of soft matrix and in

second stage by polishing and spalling of TiC. Summary weight loss after 16hr test was 0,14÷0,23 g for composite specimens and 0,90 g

for base steel

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Authors and Affiliations

S. Sobula
T. Tokarski
E. Olejnik
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Abstract

The work presents the investigation results concerning the structure of composite pressure die castings with AlSi11 alloy matrix reinforced

with SiC particles. Examination has been held for composites containing 10 and 20 volume percent of SiC particles. The arrangement of

the reinforcing particles within the matrix has been qualitatively assessed in specimens cut out of the castings. The index of distribution

was determined on the basis of particle count in elementary measuring fields. The tensile strength, the yield point and elongation of the

obtained composite were measured. Composite castings were produced at various values of the piston velocity in the second stage of

injection, diverse intensification pressure values, and various injection gate width values. The regression equation describing the change of

the considered arrangement particles index and mechanical properties were found as a function of the pressure die casting parameters. The

infuence of particle arrangement in composite matrix on mechanical properties these material was examined and the functions of

correlations between values were obtained. The conclusion gives the analysis and the interpretation of the obtained results.

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Authors and Affiliations

Z. Konopka
M. Łągiewka
A. Zyska
A. Pasieka
M. Nadolski
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Abstract

The presented work describes the results of examination of the mechanical properties of castings made either of AlSi9Mg alloy matrix

composite reinforced with short carbon fibre or of the pure AlSi9Mg alloy. The tensile strength, the yield strength, Young’s modulus, and

the unit elongation were examined both for initial castings and for castings made of the remelted composite or AlSi9Mg alloy. After

preparing metallographic specimens, the structure of the remelted materials was assessed. A few non-metallic inclusions were observed in

the structure of the remelted composite, not occurring in the initial castings. Mechanical testing revealed that all the examined properties of

the initial composite material exceed those of the non-reinforced matrix. A decrease in mechanical properties was stated both for the metal

matrix and for the composite after the remelting process, but this decrease was so slight that it either does not preclude them from further

use or does not restrict the range of their application.

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Authors and Affiliations

Z. Konopka
M. Łągiewka
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Abstract

Bending strength, thermal and electric conductivity and microstructure examinations of Cu based composite materials reinforced with Saffil alumina fibres are presented. Materials were produced by squeeze casting method applying the designed device and specially elaborated production parameters. Applying infiltration pressure of 90MPa and suitable temperature parameters provided manufacturing of copper based composite materials strengthened with Saffil alumina fibres characterized by the low rest porosity and good fibre-matrix interface. Three point bending tests at temperatures of 25, 100 and 300ºC were performed on specimens reinforced with 10, 15 and 20% of Saffil fibres. Introduced reinforcement effected on the relatively high bending strengths at elevated temperatures. In relation to unreinforced Cu casting strength of composite material Cu – 15vol.% Saffil fibres increase by about 25%, whereas at the highest applied test temperature of 300o C the improvement was almost 100%. Fibres by strengthening of the copper matrix and by transferring loads from the matrix reduce its plastic deformation and hinder the micro-crack developed during bending tests. Decreasing of thermal and electrical conductivity of Cu after incorporating fibres in the matrix are relatively small and these properties can be acceptable for electric and thermal applications.
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Authors and Affiliations

J.W. Kaczmar
K. Naplocha
K. Granat
A. Kurzawa
E. Grodzka
B. Samociuk
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Abstract

AM50/Mg2Si composites containing 5.7 wt. % and 9.9 wt. %. of Mg2Si reinforcing phase were prepared successfully by casting method. The microstructure of the cast AM50/Mg2Si magnesium matrix composites was investigated by light microscopy and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The microstructure of these composites was characterized by the presence of α-phase (a solid solution of aluminium in magnesium), Mg17Al12 (γ-phase), Al8Mn5 and Mg2Si. It was demonstrated that the Mg2Si phase was formed mainly as primary dendrites and eutectic.

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Authors and Affiliations

M.A. Malik
K. Majchrzak
K.N. Braszczyńska-Malik
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Abstract

The paper presents an attempt to produce aluminum matrix composites reinforced with short carbon fibers by precision casting in a chamber with a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure. The composite casting process was preceded by tests related to the preparation of the reinforcement. This is related to the specificity of the precision casting process, in which the mold for shaping the castings is fired at a temperature of 720°C before pouring. Before the mold burns, the reinforcement must be inside, while the carbon fiber decomposes in the atmosphere at 396°C. In the experiment, the reinforcement in the form was secured with flake graphite and quartz sand. The performed firing procedure turned out to be effective. The obtained composite castings were evaluated in terms of the degree of alloy saturation and the displacement of carbon fibers. As a result of the conducted tests, it was found that as a result of unfavorable arrangement of fibers in the CF preform, the flow of metal may be blocked and porosity may appear in the casting.
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Bibliography

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[3] Zyska, A., Konopka, Z., & Łągiewka, M, (2020). Impact strength of squeeze casting AlSi13Cu2-CF composite. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 20(2), 49-52. DOI: 10.24425/afe.2020.131301.
[4] Previtali, B., Pocci, D. & Taccardo, C. (2008). Application of traditional investment casting process to aluminium matrix composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 39(10), 1606-1617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.07.001.
[5] Pazhani, A., Venkatraman, M., Xavior, A. Moganraj, M., Batako, A., Paulsamy, J., Jayaseelan, J., Anbalagan, A. & Bavan, S.J. (2023). Synthesis and characterisation of graphene-reinforced AA 2014 MMC using squeeze casting method for lightweight aerospace structural applications. Materials & Design. 230, 111990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111990.
[6] Buchanan, E.K., Sgobba, S., Celuch D.M., Gomez, P.F., Onnela, A., Rose P., Postema, H., Pentella, M., Lacombe, G., Thomas, B., de Langlade, R. & Paquin, Y. (2023). Assessment of two advanced aluminium-based metal matrix composites for application to high energy physics detectors. Materials. 16(1), 268, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ma16010268.
[7] Krishnan, R., Pandiaraj, S., Muthusamy, S., Panchal, H., Alsoufi, S.M., Ibrahim, M.M.A. & Elsheikh, A. (2022). Biodegradable magnesium metal matrix composites for biomedical implants: synthesis, mechanical performance, and corrosion behawior a review. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 20, 650-670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.06.178.
[8] Dmitruk, A., Żak, A., Naplocha, K., Dudziński, W. & Morgiel, J. (2018). Development of pore-free Ti-Al-C MAX/Al-Si MMC composite materials manufactured by squeeze casting infiltration. Materials Characterization. 146, 182-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2018.10.005.
[9] Gawdzińska, K., Chybowski, L., Przetakiewicz, W. & Laskowski R. (2017). Application of FMEA in the quality estimation of metal matrix composite castings produced by squeeze infiltration. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials. 62(4), 2171-2182. DOI: 10.1515/amm-2017-0320.
[10] Mahaviradhan, N., Sivaganesan, S., Sravya, P.N. & Parthiban, A. (2021). Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum metal matrix composite. Materialstoday: Proceedings. 39(1), 743-747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.443.
[11] Szymański, M., Przestacki, D. & Szymański, P. (2022). Tool wear and surface roughness in turning of metal matrix composite built of Al2O3 sinter saturated by aluminum alloy in vacuum condition. Materials. 15(23), 8375, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238375.
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Authors and Affiliations

P. Szymański
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznań, Poland
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Abstract

2 wt.% TiB2 (mean particle size: 400 nm) reinforced Al 7075 metal matrix composites (MMCs) fabricated through mechanical stirring and ultrasonic agitation integrated squeeze casting process were subjected to electrical discharge machining (EDM) after determining the physical and mechanical properties. EDM was conducted with Cu electrode tools to investigate influence of machining factors, i.e. peak current (IP), pulse on time (TON) and gap voltage (VG) on the tool wear rate (TWR), material removal rate (MRR) and average surface roughness (ASR) of the machined surfaces. All the three responses increased on increasing IP and TON, but reduced on increasing VG. The machined surfaces were studied through scanning electron microscope (SEM). Significance of the EDM parameters on the individual responses were studied using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression models for the responses were developed using response surface method (RSM). The responses under consideration were optimized simultaneously using Taguchi embedded weighted principal component analysis (WPCA), which resulted the parametric combination of 4A (current), 100 μs (pulse duration) and 75V (voltage) was the optimal setting for the multi-criteria decision problem. Finally, the result of optimization was validated by conducting some confirmatory experiments.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rahul Chandra Pradhan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Diptikanta Das
1
ORCID: ORCID
Barada Prasanna Sahoo
1
ORCID: ORCID
Chiranjeeb Rout
1
ORCID: ORCID
Akash Panda
1
ORCID: ORCID
Evangelin Barla
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. KIIT Deemed to be University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Bhubaneswar-751024, India
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Abstract

Aluminium matrix composites offer a combination of properties such as lower weight, higher strength, higher wear resistance and many more. The stir casting process is easy to use, involves low cost and is suitable for mass production compared to other manufacturing processes. An in-depth look at recently manufactured aluminium matrix composites and their impact on particle distribution, porosity, wettability, microstructure and mechanical properties of Al matrix composites have all been studied in relation to stirring parameters. Several significant concerns have been raised about the sample’s poor wettability, porosity and particle distribution. Mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties are frequently studied in conjunction with variations in reinforcement proportion but few studies on the effect of stirrer blade design and parameters such as stirrer shape, dimensions and position have been reported. To study the effect of stirrer blade design on particle distribution, computational fluid dynamics is used by rese­archers. Reported multiphysics models were k-ε model and the k-ω model for simulation. It is necessary to analyse these models to determine which one best solves the real-time problem. Stirrer design selection and analysis of its effect on particle distribution using simulation, while taking underlying physics into account, can be well-thought-out as a future area of research in the widely adopted stir casting field.
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Authors and Affiliations

Chintan Morsiya
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Shailesh Pandya
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Surat, Gujarat, India
  2. Research Scholar, Departme nt of Mechanical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Ichchhanath, Surat, 395007,Gujarat, India
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Abstract

Boron nitride (BN) reinforced Al6061 aluminum-based composites are synthesized by conventional stir casting method followed by exposure to hot extrusion. The optical images confirmed the distribution of BN nanoparticles in the aluminum alloy matrix. The concentration of BN is varied from (0.5, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 7.5, and 9 wt%) in the composites and its effect on the tensile strength was investigated. The results revealed that both extruded and heat-treated composites specimens showed enhanced toughness and tensile strength by increasing BN nanoparticle concentration. The heat-treated composite samples showed lower flexibility of up to 40%, and further, it exhibited 37% greater hardness and 32% enhancement in tensile strength over the extruded sample. The tensile properties of Al6061-BN composites were evaluated by temperature-dependent internal friction (TDIF) analysis and the results showed that the as-prepared composite's strength increased with temperature.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Y.B. Mukesh
1
Prem Kumar Naik
2
Raghavendra Rao R
3
N.R. Vishwanatha
4
N.S. Prema
5
H.N. Girish
6
Naik L. Laxmana
3
Puttaswamy Madhusudan
7 8
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh, India
  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, AMC Engineering College, Bengaluru, India
  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan, India
  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Navkis College of Engineering, Hassan, India
  5. Department of Information Science and Engineering, Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering, Mysore, India
  6. Department of Studies in Earth Science, University of Mysore, 570006, India
  7. Environmental Engineering and Management Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam
  8. Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam
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Abstract

Metal matrix composites (MMC) are finding application in many fields such as aerospace and automobile industries. This is due to their advantages such as light weight and low cost. Among all the available non-traditional machining processes, wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) is found to be a suitable method for producing complex or intricate shapes in composite materials. In this study, an aluminum metal matrix composite (AMMC) with 6% and 8% weight (wt) fraction of Al2O3 is prepared through the stir casting process. The fabricated AMMC specimen is machined using WEDM, considering various process parameters such as wt % of reinforcement, gap voltage (Vg), peak current (IP) wire tension (WT) and dielectric pressure (Pd). Output responses such as the machining rate (MR) and surface roughness (Ra) of the slots are analyzed by conducting L18 mixed orthogonal array (OA) experiments. The experiments are analyzed using techniques for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Based on the analyses, the optimum combination of process parameters for better MR and Ra is as follows: wt % =  6 gm, Vg = 53 V, Ip = 8 A, WT = 11 g, Pd = 13 bar. The optimum level of process parameters for MR and Ra are 1.5 mm/min and 3.648 µm, respectively. Based on ANOVA, the peak current is found to have a significant influence on MR and Ra. Moreover, based on a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image, the presence of micro-ridges, reinforcement, micro-craters, micro-cracks, recast layers and oxide formation are all analyzed on the surface being machined.

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Authors and Affiliations

T. Mythili
R. Thanigaivelan
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Abstract

The influence of boron carbide and tungsten carbide on the apparent porosity, density, coercive force, hardness and microstructure of metal matrix composite of the Ferro-TiC type, is presented in this paper. The samples of investigated steel/titanium carbide composite were produced by powder metallurgy process, i.e. by powders mixing and compacting followed by sintering in the vacuum furnace. According to the results, steel/titanium carbide composite materials with addition up to 11.9 vol.% of boron carbide are interesting to detailed investigation as well as materials having more than 17.2 vol.% of tungsten carbide because these compositions show significant changes in hardness and coercive force values.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ljerka Slokar Benić
Jadranko Šubić
Žiga Erman

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