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Abstract

This polemic discusses two problematic aspects to the claim of a paradigmatic shift to the new technology-centered symbolic universe, as understood by Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann.
The first problematic aspect is connected to the status quo ante transhumanism (before the postulated paradigmatic shift). By discussing cases from pre-modernity and peak modernity, I point out that the discussed claim does not provide satisfactory understanding of the role of technology in society. My counter-argument is built on cases of technoreligious institutions such as abbeys and rocketry research theoretical circles, using works by David Noble as the starting point.
The second problematic aspect goes back to the fundamentals of Berger and Luckmann’s concept and its relation to ontology. The discussed proposal mixed this framework with the concept of culture from the Margaret Archer system, which led to a shift in ontological positioning. In effect, some preliminaries about the materiality and dynamics of Berger-Luckmann dialectics are harder to trace in the proposal. This results in problems of operationalization and loss of useful theoretical dialogue with post-constructivist tradition.
In the last part of the paper, I sketch other possibilities and challenges for post Berger-Luckman applications in the case of transhumanism and late modernity.

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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Zaród
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Warszawski
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Abstract

This article discusses the question, to what extent the late and post- socialist transformation in Poland can be considered a key stage in the decline of industrial modernity. Setting out from the premise that state socialism constituted a paradigmatic version of industrial or high modernity, it addresses the major discursive rupture that preceded the regime change of 1989: While the workers’ mass movement of Solidarity had embraced political and social imagina-ries typical of industrial modernity in 1980/81, these came to be re-placed by new socio-economic and cultural frameworks by the end of the 1980s. By outlining the spectacular rise of informal trading, as well as the Polish and transnational input into the promotion of grassroot capitalism, the article indicates how Poland’s late and post-socialist transformation was intrinsically linked to the down-fall of industrial modernity and reflects on the historiographical po-tential of this approach.
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Authors and Affiliations

Florian Peters
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Andrzej Walicki’s book: O Rosji inaczej („On Russia in a different way”, 2019) is a crucial item for the Polish reader, because it treats significant issues in Polish and Russian history, as exemplified by ideology based on philosophy and other pivotal issues of contemporary times. Walicki was a prominent expert on Russian thought and on important phenomena of Russian culture. He was well prepared to raise important questions and offer competent new answers. In his book, Walicki focused primarily on modernism which had influenced the development of socialist thought and on the philosophy of the opposition at the so‑called golden age. The main intention of this paper is to make certain additions to the assessment of these phenomena by the Russian Orthodox thought, and especially by those who sustain the position of the conservative Orthodox Church, regardless of the historical moment of its formulation. Modernism stands in opposition to Orthodox dogmatics, anthropology, ecclesiology and patristics. It has its roots in Byzantine Renaissance that migrated to Italy after the fall of Constantinople. Modernism constitutes an important paradigm of post‑medieval culture. It is active in Western culture and influences Russian culture as well. Obviously, Russian culture is attached to the Orthodox Church in a special way, as the Church constitutes a specific genotype of that culture. Modernist influences that are rooted in this specific soil bring forth completely different upshots in Russia from those that emerge in the West. Essential examples of this phenomenon are absolutism, imperialism or Marxist socialism in their Western and Russian versions. These phenomena concern primarily political matters but they clearly show that the ideals of modernism in Russia assume a religious character. However, they were not inherently religious, and should rather be placed in the sphere of myths.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hanna Kowalska‑Stus
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Instytut Rosji i Europy Wschodniej, ul. W. Reymonta 4, 30‑059 Kraków
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Abstract

Since the end of the 2010s, there has been an autofiction boom in Russian prose. The heroes of this literary cross‑genre are artistic projections of the authors, similar while at the same time not similar to their creators. This article presents the female protagonists of two of the most notable autofiction novels of recent years – There Was No Adderall in the Soviet Union (2017) by Olga Breininger and Wound (2021) by Oksana Vasyakina. In addition, the article describes the different life path trajectories of the young heroines. If the journey of Breininger’s artistic projection leads to self‑destruction, then the wanderings of Vasyakina’s artistic projection lead her home.
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Bibliography

References:

«Literatura i zhiznʹ»: avtofikshn kak staryy novyy trend, [v:] https://www.youtube.com/wat·sh?v=t6rhnFLcrjk.

Altashina V.D., Autofiction v sovremennoy frantsuzskoy literature: lego iz ego, «Izvestiya Yuzhnogo federalʹnogo universiteta. Filologicheskiye nauki» 2014, № 3.

Berezina M., Nekrasova M., Nikonova A., Sotnikova D., Segodnya «pisʹmo – eto telo»: o zhenskom avtofikshene v Rossii, [v:] https://prochtenie.org/texts/30650.

Breyninger O., V Sovetskom Soyuze ne bylo adderola, [v:] V Sovetskom Soyuze ne bylo adderola [roman, rasskazy], Moskva 2018.

Bystrova T.A., Geroy sovremennogo italʹyanskogo romana‑avtofikshn: skolʹzheniye po grani, «Vestnik Moskovskogo gorodskogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. Seriya: Filologiya. Teoriya yazyka. Yazykovoye obrazovaniye» 2019, № 4 (36).

Delaume C., La Règle du Je. Autofiction: un essai, Paris 2010.

Ferreira‑Meyers K., Autobiography and Autofiction: No Need to Fight for a Place in the Limelight, There is Space Enough for Both of these Concepts, [in:] Writing the Self. Essays on Autobiography and Autofiction, ed. by K.W Shands, G.G. Mikrut, D.R. Pattanaik, K. Ferreira‑Meyers, Huddinge 2015.

Kun M., Postsovetskaya kazakhstanskaya nemka kak idealʹnyy material dlya sozdaniya «sverkhcheloveka» (o romane Olʹgi Breyninger «V Sovetskom Soyuze ne bylo adderola»), «Sibirskiy filologicheskiy forum» 2019, № 3 (7).

Lejeune P., Le pacte autobiographique, Paris 1975.

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Pisareva E., Oksana Vasyakina: «Dlya menya printsipialʹno nazyvatʹ svoye pisʹmo zhenskim», [v:] https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2021/03/28/oksana‑vasiakina‑dlia‑menia‑printsipialno-nazyvat‑svoe‑pismo‑zhenskim.

Pozdnyakova K., Rozhdennaya v SSSR, [v:] https://portal‑kultura.ru/articles/books/166059-rozhdennaya‑v‑sssr/.

Stryjakowska A., Powieść В Советском Союзе не было аддерола Olgi Breininger z perspektywy autofikcji, „Przegląd Rusycystyczny” 2020, nr 3 (171).

Vasyakina O., Rana, Moskva 2021.

Yuzefovich G., «Rana» Oksany Vasyakinoy – roman o perezhivanii utraty. Avtor proshchayetsya s materʹyu i rassuzhdayet o tom, kak ona povliyala na eye samootsenku, gomoseksualʹnost’ i videniye mira, [v:] https://meduza.io/feature/2021/07/03/rana‑oksany-vasyakinoy‑roman‑o‑perezhivanii‑utraty.

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Authors and Affiliations

Michael Kuhn
1

  1. Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie
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Abstract

The text outlines a project of research on modernism in Poland, of which the key element is the heuristic model as the effect of the social reaction to the processes of modernisation. On the one hand, they caused the belief about their negative impact on European civilisation; on the other hand, they triggered the need for a comprehensive regeneration of humanity and its living space.
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Bibliography

Bolecki Włodzimierz, Modalności modernizmu. Studia, analizy, interpretacje, Warszawa 2012.

Griffin Roger, Modernism and Fascism. The Sense of a Beginning under Mussolini and Hitler, Basingstoke 2007.

Juszkiewicz Piotr, Cień modernizmu, Poznań 2013.

Modernism. Designing a New World. 1914–1939, red. Christopher Wilk, London 2006.

Szczerski Andrzej, Transformacja. Sztuka w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej po 1989 roku, Kraków 2018.

The Cambridge History of Modernism, red. Vincent Sherry, Cambridge 2016.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Juszkiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza, Poznań
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Abstract

The purpose of this article is to present main literary relations between an Italian novelist and playwright Luigi Pirandello and his compatriot, modern writer Antonio Tabucchi, which manifest themselves primarily in the subject matter taken up by Tabucchi: an identity crisis of a literary character. Comparative analysis of the content of the novels One, No One, and One Hundred Thousand and Pereira Maintains shows, that the ‘disciple’ of Pirandello not only liked to reach for a similar subject matter, but also referred to the poetics used by the Sicilian.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dawid Wincław
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Abstract

Brasilia. A city that is a utopia. An experiment. A political act. A city that is a symbol and a manifesto. Built because of an idea and boldly cast deep inland. And although it was built in the 1960’s, it still elicits strong emotions. This masterfully planned city was meant to be a model centre and an aesthetic symbol of new modernist thought, as well as the key to the success of Brazil’s young society. Over sixty years have passed since signing the founding act of the city by the socialist and populist Juscelino Kubitschek. How is this urban masterwork, the symbol of Brazilian postmodernism, that once surprised and enchanted the entire world, developing today? What is left of the imaginings and assumptions of functionalists? Can we state that this globally unique experiment was successful?
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Authors and Affiliations

Beata Malinowska-Petelenz
Mariusz Twardowski
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Abstract

The article presents two generations of Chinese architects (architects of the so-called First and Second Wave) operating in the post-Mao period, that is, since the reforms of Deng Xiaoping. The main purpose of the article is to present the works of the youngest architects of the Second Wave and try to characterize them. Examples illustrating the article are the realizations of such offices as: META-Project (Wang Shuo), TAOA (Tao Lei), ZAO/standardarchitecture (Zhang Ke), Zhao Yang Architects and DnA_Design and Architecture (Xu Tiantian). Selected projects are certainly an inspiring example of the experimental Chinese architecture of recent years – critical architecture, which in response to the mistakes of previous years, associated with extensive modernization of cities, tried to rebuild the relationship with the lost tradition, direct and focus its attention to problems of locality and man and his heritage in the modern world. The article was compiled on the basis of source materials obtained directly from architectural offices as part of the author’s work on the exhibition Contemporary Architecture of China, Localized Modernism. The author together with prof. Wang Lu (Tsinghua Univ., Beijing) were co-curators of this first presentation of Chinese architecture in Poland. The exhibition was presented at the Manggha Museum, its opening was accompanied by the Architecture Biennial in Krakow in 2017.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Ingarden
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Abstract

The conflict between modernism and post-modernism is one of the defining philosophical debates of the latter half of the 20th century. Proponents of modernism, striving to uphold the banner of the Enlightenment, have sought to undermine dogmatism while maintaining the tenability of certain inviolable principles. Proponents of post-modernism, similarly seeking to advance emancipation, have seen “principles” as inherently antithetical to the achievement of the professed goals of the Enlightenment. In Habermas and Derrida – prime speakers of these respective camps – this debate reached a crescendo. Yet, in both of them, we see that the respective positions of modernism and post-modernism are essentially systemically incommensurable, whereby the position of each side is undermined – in the view of the other side – by its own stance.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lance W. Garmer
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Abstract

The article will consider the possibility of using sources in modernising the biological study of existence in history on the basis of selected trends of “modern historiography”. The problem of sources is considered in the context of the use of anthropology of knowledge, historical anthropology, microhistory, and chaos theory in historical-medical research. In this process, I see an opportunity to look for new research spaces and, therefore, ask new questions to source messages or to search for new ones. Therefore, it is important not to forget about the need to base the narrative on the source while introducing methodological innovations.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tadeusz Srogosz
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Abstract

In these remarks I recall the attempts of pointing out the relations between philosophy and modernity in sciences in three distinctively differing point of view, that is the achievements of “the Enlightened Age” (in the sense of Ernst Cassirer), phenomenological philosophy (in the sense of Edmund Husserl) and the classicist conservatism (in the sense of Allan Bloom). In each of these cases an importance of those relations is being acknowledged. However it is not just differently evaluated and justified, but also the diagnoses and forecasts related to it look differently either.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Drozdowicz
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The paper discusses three stages in the development of hunting. Initially hunting had an adaptive value and contributed to the process of evolution of humanoids. When animals were domesticated hunting rituals still constituted an important element of cultural identity and were subject to various transformations due to the pressure from the state and the church. In the contemporary world, under the influence of ecology we witness the emergence of a new ethics which changes man’s relationship to animals. Hunting cannot be reconciled with the morality of modern humanity. Some people demand a complete ban on hunting or that only bloodless tradition should be continued.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zdzisława Piątek
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Abstract

Modern technologies have been revolutionizing industries for years, providing competitive advantages to companies. As a technology based on decentralization, Blockchain becomes a tool to support and secure processes and transactions in industries such as mining and power engineering. It also supports supply chain processes, which are particularly important in today's mining business. The use of advanced cryptography methods results in increased cyber security in entities that implement such solutions. The use of Blockchain technology carries a strong message, both to competitors and customers, about intensifying work on authentication and process traceability. This publication focuses on defining the trust gap problem in the mining industry and on examples of the use of technology in data traceability processes. The mining industry is beginning to use technologies which had been previously available only in the theoretical realm. The ongoing development towards a smart industry entails a number of studies and expert assessments, aimed to integrate knowledge from the mining and IT areas. The combination of these research areas leads to an increase in the value of both the companies implementing modern technologies and traditional companies that implement such applications in their value chain. Based on the analyzed articles, two main areas of consideration in the context of the extractive industry were distinguished: systems that track and secure the flow of data in specific mining processes and systems that monitor and secure information on processes which support the raw materials supply chain.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Leśniak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Arkadiusz Jacek Kustra
1
ORCID: ORCID
Elżbieta Królikowska
2

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
  2. Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa S.A., Jastrzębie-Zdroje, Poland
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Abstract

The article presents the project and realization of Ivigna (in Merano, Italy) aerial cable car project designed by architect Roland Baldi. The boxed form has been boldly and confidently introduced into the surrounding mountains, despite distancing itself from standard references to genius loci of the natural landscape. This project presents an avant-garde, innovative and reliable approach to the composition of architecture in the context of a mountain landscape. Despite the severity of forms, a kind of architectural rhythm and lightness of shaping the object introduced in the context of an open space can be sense here. It is essential to seek new forms and technologies for communing with nature and culture, in order to shape interesting modernist architecture, entering the twenty-first century.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Kronowski
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Abstract

In the 19th and in the first half of the 20th century numerous parks were built all over Europe, which, though different in many aspects, still show certain similarities in space structure and composition. The question is, whether late modern public parks, built in the second half on the 20th century follow the classical design and composition „rules”? How did the extremely functionalist design approach of the era after WW2 influence park design? The answer is the result of a detailed analysis on space structure and composition principles of the parks built in these times. In this research I analyzed according to specific criteria the Jubileum Park in Budapest, one of the most prominent work of the late modern period in Hungary. The 12 ha Jubileum Park (built in 1965) is located in the heart of Budapest, on the top of Gellért Hill, next to river Danube. Laying high above the city on an exposed hillside, the park offers a broad view of the whole city. The structure of the park is basically determined by the extreme topography, and one of the great value of the park is the natural looking grading, which determines the space structure and fits to the natural terrain very nicely, and the walkway system, which fits to the contour lines and explores the whole site. Fitting to the windy and exposed hilltop position, in space division the terrain in the most appealing, the plantation is only secondary. From formal point an interesting feature is the dominance of two dimensional elements with characteristic shape, like flowerbeds or ornamental pools and the curves of the walkway system. Though the main function of the park is to underline the fantastic visual potential with providing viewpoints, there are some playgrounds as well. For the visitor of today the specialty of the park celebrating the 50th anniversary this year, is, that – disregarding some minor changes – there were no alterations since it exists. As a first step I analyzed the space structure of the park, putting an extra emphasis on the existence or lack of any axis, on the accentuation of the park entrances, on the space organization inside the park and on the existence/lack of hierarchy. Important aspect of analysis was the connection of the park to connecting urban fabric and green surfaces nearby. The next step was to compare the results with other parks built in former times, but having similar natural setting. The goal of the research is to determine, how much the spatial composition of Jubileum Park is different from the spatial composition of classical parks. The results might help to realize, what kind of spatial composition and space structure is typical of late modern parks. It would be important to preserve these space structural specialties of the Jubileum Park during a more and more urgent renovation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Eszter Bakay
Dorottya Varró
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Abstract

Contemporary challenges related to rapid urbanization, migration, deepening inequalities and climate change inspire to contemplate the future of dwelling. The article aims to present particular solutions in housing that use advantages created by the relation to the water. The aquatic neighbourhoods become a field of experience for residential architecture, where traditional systems are enriched with new elements and solutions. Some of these solutions can be brought back to the sys-tem and improve the overall catalogue of answers for the development of traditional dwelling.

The analysis discusses contemporary housing projects 1998–2005 and includes: the program overview, basic numerical parameters, accessibility details and relation to the context. Current water-related examples are accompanied by a reference to standard solutions developed in the modern era. All presented designs use traditional components of dwelling program, grouping day zone elements and separate them from private spaces. In basic parameters development is visible in bigger areas of living space. In terms of accessibility housing on or close to water gives new opportunities, as well as in relation to the context.

The paper presents research on different types of dwelling located by the water, with particular emphasis on functional and architectural advantages, which may be used to improve contemporary housing models. The proposed guidelines can be used in further studies on housing typologies in aim to develop more open and flexible spatial layouts.

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Authors and Affiliations

Karolina Tulkowska-Słyk
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Abstract

In the early modern period, there were around 40 religious confraternities in the agglomeration of Cracow, one of the oldest and most important being the Confraternity of the Holy Rosary at the Dominican Church of the Holy Trinity. It is not known when it was founded, but it was probably already operating in the late Middle Ages. In 1600, this confraternity, existing “ab immemorabilis tempore”, was reformed by Fr. Abraham Bzowski, who on this occasion prepared and published an extensive dissertation, having the character of its “statutes”. From 4 February 1601 the seat of the renewed confraternity was in the Chapel of the Three Kings, at the far end of the northern nave of the church. It contained the Brotherhood’s altar which was transferred, probably after 1688, to the church of St. Giles and placed on the altar’s stone in the apse of the presbytery. The altar contained the holy picture of the Virgin Mary of the Salus Populi Romani type, connected by tradition established in the first half of the 17th century with Pope Clement VIII, who was to grant it indulgences. Bernard Maciejowski, then Bishop of Łuck, later Bishop of Cracow and finally Primate, is considered as the donor of the painting. Every first Sunday in October, the Cracow copy of the Roman image was carried out by the brothers out of the chapel and in a solemn procession around the Main Square. This custom was linked to the victory of the Christian fleet over the Turkish one near Lepanto in 1571, after which Pope Pius V established its liturgical memory (7 October). In Poland, this tradition gained a new dimension after to the successful defence of the Chocim fortress against the Turks in 1621. The devotion to the Rosary was cultivated not only in the Brotherhood’s chapel, but also in the Conventual Church, where the altar of the Holy Rosary stood to the left of the choir entrance. Symmetrically to it, on the right side of the rainbow arcade stood the altar of the Confraternity of the Holy Name of Jesus, founded in 1585 by Fr. Bartłomiej of Przemyśl. Its aim was to eradicate the sinful custom of swearing oaths, and because of the connections with the Confraternity of the Holy Rosary it was called the Archconfraternity of the Rosary of the Most Holy Name of Jesus. The spreading of the rosary prayer by the Order went beyond the Conventual Church. A special role in this work was played by the Gothic Church of St. Giles, which the Dominicans took under their protection in 1588. An important caesura in the history of the Archconfraternity of the Holy Rosary was the move to a new spacious oratory, which was erected on the site of the medieval Chapel of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, at the far end of the southern nave of the church. One of the reasons for undertaking this new work is considered to be the desire to commemorate the victory of John III Sobieski over the Turks at Vienna on 12 September 1683. The opulent decor and interesting ideological programme have only partially survived, but they can be reconstructed on the basis of preserved written sources, as can be the character of the Brotherhood’s celebrations. Particularly interesting monuments include those connected with the so-called Century of the Rosary, established with the consent of Pope Innocent XII (1694). It was a congregation of 100 brothers and 100 sisters, whose task was to pray continuously for the souls suffering in Purgatory. Among other things, a book of this association has been preserved, which contains illuminations showing the salutary effects of the prayer of the Rosary.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof J. Czyżewski
1
Marek Walczak
2

  1. Zamek Królewski na Wawelu
  2. Uniwersytet Jagielloński
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Abstract

The book outlines the artistic events accompanying the large sports events in 1928: the 9th Olympic Games in Amsterdam and the 1st Summer Spartakiad in Moskow and 2nd Summer Spartakiad planned in Prague, which, however, was cancelled. The organization, character, and cultural influence of these events are outlined, while selected works of art connected to these events are analysed in meticulous detail. The author points out the general differences between the Olympic Games and the Spartakiads both in the approach to sports events, and the accompanying artistic events. The Olympic Games stressed the individualistic approach to art and creative work, and encouraged international competition. The Spartakiads were aiming at collective approach to both art and sports, which were seen not as competition between nations, but a collective effort of the Proletariat.

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Authors and Affiliations

Helena Postawka-Lech
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Abstract

The aim of the research was implementation of fibre Bragg grating sensors and the Aramis system to monitor strain, displacement and stress values in new materials used in the building industry. Selected elements of a residential building made of the Polytech material with a 60% content of the EPS granulate from recycling were tested: a prefabricated wall with a lintel, a reinforced concrete floor slab, a lintel, a reinforced concrete column and a wall. Long-term testing was also carried out taking account of changes in environmental conditions. The methodology of the research was based on the development of purpose-made dedicated FBG strain sensors, laboratory calibration and the embedding of the sensors in the tested element structure. The proposed system of continuous measurements made it possible to determine real strain, displacement and stress values in selected elements of the Polytech structure for a facility founded in a difficult geotechnical terrain (subsoil).
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Juraszek
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Bielsko-Biała, Departament of Civil Engineering, Willowa 2 Street, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
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Abstract

Interpretative strategies are explored as a type of textual strategies alongside narrative and receptive ones. We illustrate modern, prose‑bound interpretative strategies targeting various types of perception and aesthetic delight. The interpretative strategies of modern Ukrainian and Polish prose are affected by the author’s choice of the convention lines implemented in the story, and the types of perception the story is targeting. These parameters help implement the story’s semantic structure, which determines the way it is interpreted by the reader. The reader’s own life, emotional, and receptive experience builds a criterion for the story’s maturity. The reader’s interpretative effort is seen in the text as a game which is divided into separate milestones and requires a shift in the interpretative vector at each of them or implies the reader’s ability to perceive the virtual worlds of the rhizomatic plot that maps a modern person’s mental processes. The ability to notice in one text various interpretative strategies constitutes one of the ways for the reader to take aesthetic delight as well as building within them man‑world interaction skills, the ability to accept the world’s uncertainty, someone else’s different attitude.
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Authors and Affiliations

Iryna Kropyvko
1

  1. Дніпро, Дніпровський національний університет ім. Олеся Гончара
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Abstract

The Heptachor (Гептахор) studio was a leading early 20 th-century Russian modern dance school committed to a revival of the art of dance and the development of new forms of musical movement and new concepts of artistic creation. In the years 1914–1934, it was the centre of the Musical Movement dance school, experimenting with a wide range of artistic, educational and therapeutic practices. The aim of the article is, first, to present the history of the Heptachor studio on the basis of the recollections and memoirs of its co-founder Stephanida Rudneva, contemporary documents and archive materials, and, second, to analyze the typical creative process narratives included in those sources.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anastasia Nabokina
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Katedra Antropologii Literatury i Badań Kulturowych UJ
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Abstract

The putting on of spectacular ceremonies finalizing the acts of beatification and canonization of Stanisław Kostka, taking place in the principal Jesuit centers of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, was an important artistic activity of modern times. The content programs of the decorations which accompanied the celebrations between 1606 and 1726, known to us from written sources, reflect the propaganda of the Kostka ceremonies. The oldest occasional decorations and outdoor shows taking place in the city of Jarosław had been organized on the initiative of his relative Anna née Kostka Ostrogska. They were organized in connection with the proclamation of Stanisław Kostka as Blessed by Pope Paul V in 1606. The theme of the decorations accentuated the importance of the moral values of this ascetic follower of the Counter-Reformation Church, while the widely used language of allegory defined his individual spiritual values and illustrated scenes from his life and miracles.
However, Stanisław Kostka soon became seen as an advocate of the Polish Lithuanian-Commonwealth in its military struggles in the East, especially in the conflict with the Ottoman Porte. After the victory of Chocim (Khotyn) in 1621 he was revered as the patron saint of the Polish knighthood, and after the victory at the Battle of Chocim in 1673 he was rapidly proclaimed (in 1674) one of the main patrons of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It was this aspect of Kostka’s promotion that was used in the decorative themes of his thanksgiving ceremonies after the closing of the beatification process and the decree of canonization by Pope Clement XI in 1714. The decorations of the Jesuit Church in Lublin, described in detail in the records of the Society of Jesus (1715), explained and glorified the new role of the young saint. His role as a guarantor of peace and stability of the Commonwealth, revealed in God’s eternal plans, was presented through astral configurations and complicated semantic systems. Kostka’s canonization, which had raised the importance of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, as being linked to the papacy and the Catholic faith, was seen as the culmination of a great historical message and the revelation of the secret given to Poland, also recognizable through astral configuration.
The military and diplomatic triumph over the Ottoman Porte was considered a breakthrough moment, opening a period of happiness achieved thanks to Kostka’s intervention and the support of Heaven. The result of a united front in the battle with a common enemy was to achieve a state of happiness that strengthened the ecclesiastical and monarchical order, an idea taken up by the decorations seen in Jarosław and Vilnius, amongst others. The ad hoc political content was moved to the sphere of the monastic political philosophy and historical theology.
An allusion to the happy future that mathematicians had supposedly predicted was also included in the decorations. After the partition of Poland and the dissolution of the Jesuit order, the revival of the fading cult of Stanislaw Kostka took place in the Second Polish Republic, particularly during the jubilee celebrations of the 200th anniversary of his canonization in 1927. This was seen in the ceremony of bringing his relics from Rome to the new church in Rostków, which was attended by the President of the Republic of Poland Ignacy Mościcki. However, there was a significant change in semantics as Stanisław Kostka was now described as the patron saint of children and youth, frequent Holy Communion and felicitous vocational choices.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janina Dzik
1

  1. Kraków
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Abstract

The article directly and indirectly refers to anthropological and philosophical texts which strive to discover and present the gender factor as important in the light of the humanities. The author refers to “Literackie nie-nazywanie. Onomastykon polskiej prozy współczesnej” (Literary Not-naming. Onomasticon of the modern Polish prose) by Magdalena Graf and indicates the femininity factor as a relevant one also in onomastics.

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Katarzyna Skowronek
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Abstract

The paper gives an evidence that construction of contemporary objects at the interface with the historic urban space, may be a way to renew and revitalize areas which require it. Such action may be a strong and valuable catalyst for the functional and visual transformation of a given fragment of urban space. It can also contribute to the increase of social activity within it. Research shows that public facilities from the turn of the 20th and 21st century, which were built using innovative architectural technologies and constructional solutions, are the buildings which provide great opportunities to contrast with historical architecture. This can be achieved due to their significant scale and rank in the urban space. The analyzes show that design based on the principle of contrast is the right solution for the degraded historic urban space. The replenishment of the old tissue should be carried out with the emphasis on the identity of the times in which we live, without creating architecture which could literally imitate historical objects or compete with them. Because of this contrast and diversity, new fragments of the city can become a counterweight or a valuable background to the existing historical tissue. Contemporary buildings located in a historical context are not only enhancing the values of cultural heritage but can also become a grateful element of the urban space and a strong accent of modernity and innovation in the city.

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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Malinowska

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