CFD technique was used to determine the effect of a stent-graft spatial configuration and hematocrit value on blood flow hemodynamic and the risk of a stent-graft occlusion. Spatial configurations of an endovascular prosthesis placed in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) for numerical simulations were developed on the basis of AngioCT data for 10 patients. The results of calculations showed that narrows or angular bends in the prosthesis as well as increased hematocrit affects blood flow reducing velocity and WSS which might result in thrombus development.
The article describes and compares two OFDM based communications schemes for reducing the effects of the combination of Narrowband Interference (NBI) and Impulsive Noise (IN), which are noise types typical in Power Line Communication (PLC). The two schemes are Modified BPSK-OFDM (called MBPSK, for brevity) and QFSK-OFDM (called QFSK, for brevity), which are non-conventional OFDM schemes. We give a description of the two schemes, showing how they are derived and also show their similarities and eventually compare their performances. Performance simulation results, in terms of bit error rate, are given to compare the systems under the effect of IN and NBI. The popular Middleton Class A model is used for modelling IN. The results show that MBPSK scheme outperforms the QFSK scheme in terms of minimum distance, and hence in terms of bit error probability when no preprocessing is performed. However, under clipping/nulling, both schemes eventually reach the bit error rate floor.