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Where does the ethical component of speaking beings’ nature come from? From their natural language endowment

Andrzej Bogusławski
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2021 | No 1 | 5-13 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2021.136777
Keywords categorical imperative ethics natural language nature speaking beings
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Abstract

The author submits a brief account of his claim concerning the ethical component of the speaking beings’ nature. He voiced these views at a number of places, beginning with his works in the mid‑nineties. As against Kant’s idea of God being the source of moralisches Gefühl, or of his „categorical imperative”, the logically necessary (and thus sufficient) root of speaking beings’ ethical nature must be seen in their language faculty as such (while nothing deprives God of what used to be called „His gift” of that faculty). A linguistic‑analytic reasoning that leads to the above conclusion is presented.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Bogusławski
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. prof. em., Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Neofilologii, Katedra Lingwistyki Formalnej, ul. Dobra 55, 00-312 Warszawa

Deep Learning based Tamil Parts of Speech (POS) Tagger

S. Anbukkarasi S. Varadhaganapathy
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 6 | e138820 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.138820
Keywords POS tagging deep learning model natural language processing Bi-LSTM
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Abstract

This paper addresses the problem of part of speech (POS) tagging for the Tamil language, which is low resourced and agglutinative. POS tagging is the process of assigning syntactic categories for the words in a sentence. This is the preliminary step for many of the Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. For this work, various sequential deep learning models such as recurrent neural network (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) were used at the word level. For evaluating the model, the performance metrics such as precision, recall, F1-score and accuracy were used. Further, a tag set of 32 tags and 225 000 tagged Tamil words was utilized for training. To find the appropriate hidden state, the hidden states were varied as 4, 16, 32 and 64, and the models were trained. The experiments indicated that the increase in hidden state improves the performance of the model. Among all the combinations, Bi-LSTM with 64 hidden states displayed the best accuracy (94%). For Tamil POS tagging, this is the initial attempt to be carried out using a deep learning model.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

S. Anbukkarasi
1
S. Varadhaganapathy
2
  1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, India
  2. Department of Information Technology, Kongu Engineering College, India

Definite descriptions in the argument between P.F. Strawson and Bertrand Russell

Janusz Maciaszek
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2019 | No 4 | 215-241 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2019.130921
Keywords analytic philosophy definite description linguistic turn philosophy of ideal language philosophy of natural language pragmatics presupposition proper name
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Abstract

In the paper I present the famous argument between Peter F. Strawson and Bertrand Russell on definite descriptions. I do not go into details of the two rival solutions to the problem of definite descriptions. Instead I present the controversy against the background of two traditions within analytic philosophy, i.e. the philosophy of natural language (Strawson) and the philosophy of ideal language (Russell). In consequence, the aim of this paper is to sketch the principal features of the two traditions and to indicate their influence on the argument. In the first paragraph I discuss Russell’s theory of descriptions and present it as a result of dramatic changes that he had made in his philosophy before he finally presented them in On Denoting in 1905. The second paragraph deals with the two traditions within analytic philosophy after the linguistic turn and underlines the role of Strawson in the philosophy of natural language. In the third paragraph I analyze in detail Strawson’s arguments against the theory of descriptions and I focus on some details that are usually omitted in standard presentations. The fourth paragraph discusses Russell’s response to Strawson’s objections, i.e. the counter-arguments formulated from the standpoint of philosophy of ideal language. I end with some suggestions about how to reconcile both approaches.

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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Maciaszek
ORCID: ORCID

Towards mass customisation: automatic processing of orders for residential ship’s containers - A case study example

Adam Dudek Justyna Patalas-Maliszewska Jacek Frączak
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 3 | e145562 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.145562
Keywords mass customization residential shipping containers natural language processing automatic processing of orders
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Abstract

Along with changes in customer expectations, the process of ordering a house, especially one built with the most modern technology from prefabricated HQ 40-foot shipping containers, should take place in an atmosphere of free-flowing, customer-friendly conversation. Therefore, it is important that the company producing such a solution has a tool supporting such offers and orders when producing personalized solutions. This article provides an original approach to the automatic processing of orders based on an example of orders for residential shipping containers, natural language processing and so-called premises developed. Our solution overcomes the usage of records of the conversations between the customer and the retailer, in order to precisely predict the variant required for the house ordered, also when providing optimal house recommendations and when supporting manufacturers throughout product design and production. The newly proposed approach examines such recorded conversations in the sale of residential shipping containers and the rationale developed, and then offers the automatic placement of an order. Moreover, the practical significance of the solution, thus proposed, was emphasized thanks to verification by a real residential ship container manufacturing company in Poland.
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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Dudek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Justyna Patalas-Maliszewska
2
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Frączak
3
  1. University of Applied Sciences in Nysa, Armii Krajowej 7, 48-300 Nysa, Poland
  2. University of Zielona Góra, ul. Licealna 9,65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland
  3. Sanpol Sp. z o.o, Sulechowska 27a, 65-119, Zielona Góra, Poland

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