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Aerobic biodegradation of norfloxacin and ofloxacin by a microbial consortium

Łukasz Jałowiecki Grażyna Płaza Helene Ejhed Monika Nawrotek
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2019 | vol. 45 | No 4 | 40-47 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2019.130240
Keywords biodegradation antibiotics norfloxacin ofloxacin bacterial-fungal consortium green compost
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Abstract

Since fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics are extensively used both in human and veterinary medicine their accumulation in the environment is causing increasing concern. The aim of the study was to isolate a microbial consortium resistant to ofl oxacin and norfl oxacin and able to biodegrade both antibiotics. Green compost was used as a source of microorganisms. The biodegradation effi ciency was monitored by changes of antibiotics concentrations and toxicity. The microbial consortium was composed of two bacterial isolates: Klebsiella pneumoniae (K2) and Achromobacter sp. (K3) and two fungi Candida manassasensis (K1) and Trichosporon asahii (K4). All the isolates were characterized as highly resistant to both antibiotics – ofl oxacin and norfl oxacin. FQs were supplied individually into the culture medium in the presence of an easily degradable carbon source – glucose. Biodegradation of norfl oxacin was much faster than ofl oxacin biodegradation. During 20 days of the experiment, the norfl oxacin level decreased by more than 80%. Ofl oxacin was generally biodegraded thereafter at relatively slow biodegradation rate. After 28 days the ofl oxacin level decreased by 60%. Similarly, the toxicity of biodegraded antibiotics decreased 4-fold and 3.5-fold for norfl oxacin and ofl oxacin, respectively. The ability of the bacterial-fungal consortium to degrade antibiotics and reduce toxicity could help to reduce environmental pollution with these pharmaceutical.

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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Jałowiecki
Grażyna Płaza
Helene Ejhed
Monika Nawrotek

Composition of norfloxacin-resistant bacteria and isolation of norfloxacin-degrading bacteria in subtropical aquaculture ponds in China

Lutian Mao Lifen Chen Xirui Wang Zhongbao Xu Hui Ouyang Biyou Huang Libin Zhou
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2022 | vol. 48 | No 4 | 95-101 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2022.143712
Keywords high-throughput sequencing norfloxacin antibiotic resistant bacterium pond culture
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Abstract

To analyze the composition of norfloxacin-resistant bacteria and norfloxacin-degrading bacteria in pond water and sediment in subtropical China, the composition of antibiotic resistant bacteria in pond water and sediment enriched with norfloxacin-containing medium was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. Sediment and water samples were collected from 3 fish ponds in subtropical China, and domesticated with norfloxacin, subsequently norfloxacin-resistant bacteria through high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA, and isolated norfloxacin- degrading bacteria. Our results showed that the pond sediment and water contain a variety of norfloxacin-resistant bacteria, mainly from Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi. Moreover, we isolated two norfloxacin-degrading bacteria (NorXu-2 and NorXu-3). The norfloxacin-degrading rate by NorXu-2 and NorXu-3 in the culture mediums with 200 μg/mL was the highest, which was up to 49.71% and 35.79%,respectively. When the norfloxacin concentration was 200 μg/mL, NorXu-2 and NorXu-3 had the best norfloxacin-degrading effect at pH of 6, and the degradation rates were 53.64% and 45.54%, respectively. Moreover, NorXu-3 exhibited a good tolerance to high NaCl concentration. These results not only provided basic data for the follow-up study of the molecular mechanism of antimicrobial microbial degradation, but also provided potential norfloxacin degrading bacteria for norfloxacin removal and bioremediation in aquaculture environment.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lutian Mao
1
Lifen Chen
1
Xirui Wang
1
Zhongbao Xu
1
Hui Ouyang
1
Biyou Huang
1
Libin Zhou
1
  1. Huizhou University, Huizhou City, China

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