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Wastewater Purification by an Organic Soil and Grass-Mixture

Urszula Kotowska Teresa Włodarczyk Barbara Witkowska-Walczak Cezary Sławiński
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2009 | vol.35 | No 3 | 21-33
Keywords organic soils wastewater purification grass-mixture
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Abstract

The paper presents results of a study concerning ammonium and nitratc(V) fixation by soil irrigated with municipal wastcwatcrs ( 1 - 60 mm and 2 doses - 120 mm) and estimation or the possibility or using organic soil and grass-mixture for the wastewater treatment. It was found that the studied soil and the plant applied showed a very high capacity or binding ammonium ions (up to 96%), and lower in the case ofnitrates(V) (up to 71 %). It was also demonstrated that the single irrigation dose was better utilized compared to the double dose.
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Authors and Affiliations

Urszula Kotowska
Teresa Włodarczyk
Barbara Witkowska-Walczak
Cezary Sławiński

The use of a laser diffractometer to analyse the particle size distribution of selected organic soils

Grzegorz Straż
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 3 | 521 –539 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.146095
Keywords laser diffraction particle size distribution organic soils soft soils
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Abstract

This paper deals with the problem of determining the particle size distribution of selected organic soils from the vicinity of Rzeszów (Poland), using a laser diffractometer method, the knowledge of which will allow to determine the degree of differentiation or similarity of the tested organic soils in this aspect. The HELOS Laser Diffractometer manufactured by Sympatec GmbH was used for the tests. For proper analysis, the researches results in the form of graphs were grouped according to the content of organic substances in accordance with the standard classification. The conducted research was primarily aimed at presenting the grain differentiation and particle size distribution in terms of the applied method and comparing the test results of samples of selected, different organic soils, prepared using the same dispersion procedure and carried out in exactly the same test conditions, generated using capabilities of a diffractometer. Summing up, the laser diffractometer method presented in the article, although not fully verified in the case of organic soils, seems to be a the perspective method with capabilities allowing it to be nominated as an exceptionally useful method for the investigations of soft soils, including organic soils.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Straż
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Rzeszow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture Civil Engineering, al. Powstanców Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland

Evaluation of the unit weight of organic soils from a CPTM using an Artificial Neural Networks

Grzegorz Straż Artur Borowiec
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 259-281 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2021.138055
Keywords soil unit weight artificial neural networks organic soils organic content cone penetration test
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Abstract

This paper discusses the use of mechanical cone penetration test CPTM for estimating the soil unit weight of selected organic soils in Rzeszow site, Poland. A search was made for direct relationships between the empirically determined the soil unit weight value and cone penetration test leading parameters (cone resistance qc, sleeve friction fs. The selected, existing models were also analysed in terms of suitability for estimating the soil unit weight and tests were performed to predict the value soil unit weight of local, different organic soils. Based on own the regression analysis, the relationships between empirically determined values of soil unit weight and leading parameters cone penetration test were determined. The results of research and analysis have shown that both existing models and new, determined regression analysis methods are poorly matched to the unit weight values determined in laboratory, the main reason may be the fact that organic soils are characterized by an extremely complicated, diverse and heterogeneous structure. This often results in a large divergence and lack of repeatability of results in a satisfactorily range. Therefore, in addition, to improve the predictive performances of the relationships, analysis using the artificial neural networks (ANN) was carried out.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Straż
1
ORCID: ORCID
Artur Borowiec
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Rzeszow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture Civil Engineering, Powstańców Warszawy 12 Av., 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland

The effect of methodology on determining the liquid limits values of selected organic soils

Grzegorz Straż
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 459-477 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.140180
Keywords casagrande cup cone penetrometer laser diffractometer liquid limit organic soils plasticity chart
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Abstract

This paper discusses the use of the Casagrande Cup and Cone Penetrometer Methods for determining the liquid limit of selected organic soils in in the south-eastern region of Poland in laboratory conditions in accordance with the latest standard guidelines. 10 methods established on the basis of literature materials were used to interpret the test results: 4 for test in the Casagrande Cup and 6 for the Cone Penetrometer. The results were compared and used to determine the parameters necessary to assessment of consistency of all type of soils, e.g.: plasticity index ���� (%), consistency index ���� (–) or liquidity index ���� (–). The knowledge of these parameters makes it possible to determine the degree of plasticity of the tested soils using the Cassagrande chart. The conducted research and analyses have shown that the results of determining the liquid limit using the selected methods are not always comparable. The application of calculation methods based on the results of laboratory tests organic soils carried out in accordance with the procedures of the one standard (PN-B-04481: 1988), in the case of interpretation with Method No. 5 and Method No. 7, generated results with the widest range and the highest values in relation to the reference values (Method No. 1). In terms of the suitability of a given method, the type of tested soil, extremely complicated, diverse and heterogeneous structure turned out to be important, and most importantly, the content of organic parts, as evidenced by the results of consistency determination.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Straż
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Rzeszow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture Civil Engineering, al. Powstanców Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland

Moisture content of peat-moorsh soils with special attention to periods of drought

Ryszard Oleszczuk Jan Jadczyszyn Janusz Urbański Ewelina Zając Andrzej Brandyk Jacek Niedźwiecki
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2023 | No 59 | 234-247 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2023.148448
Keywords climatic water balance moorsh organic soils soil moisture content soil water potential
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Abstract

The paper presents the course of variability of the moisture content of the top layers in shallow (45 cm) and medium-deep (90 cm) peat-moorsh soil profiles in the years 2015–2019 against the background of the same meteorological conditions and a similar level of the groundwater table. The relative precipitation index ( RPI) classifies the years 2015 and 2016 as dry, 2017 as wet, and 2018 and 2019 as average. For periods of atmospheric droughts, the average daily climatic water balance ( CWB) ranged from –5.30 to –1.35 mm∙d –1. The water table did not fall below 90 cm b.g.l. during the entire study period, and the range of its fluctuations was 8 cm greater in the shallow than in the medium-deep profile. The range of moisture at different depths varied significantly and ranged from approx. 6% in periods of drought to about 80% in wet periods. Soil moisture throughout the measurement period was above the plant available water range (p F > 4.2). The occurrence of soil drought in the shallow peat-moorsh soil profile had a range of up to 40 cm, and in the medium-deep profile of up to 30 cm. The sequence of no-precipitation days and the maximum amount of daily evapotranspiration during them determine the possible timing of drought; however, it is the precipitation distribution in individual months, considered in the current CWB values, that ultimately determine the formation of soil water resources at the research site.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard Oleszczuk
1 2
Jan Jadczyszyn
3
Janusz Urbański
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ewelina Zając
4
ORCID: ORCID
Andrzej Brandyk
5
Jacek Niedźwiecki
3
  1. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
  3. Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
  4. University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, Department of Land Reclamation and Environmental Development, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
  5. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Water Center, Warsaw, Poland

Determination of the characteristic values of the undrained shear strength of organic soils according to Eurocode 7

Maria Jolanta Sulewska Zbigniew Lechowicz
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2024 | vol. 70 | No 1 | 37-50 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2024.148899
Keywords characteristic value of the parameter Eurocode 7 field vane test organic soils statistical procedure undrained shear strength
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Abstract

The paper presents the methods of determining the characteristic value on the basis of the standards: PN-B-03020:1981, PN-EN 1997-1:2008, prEN 1997-1:2022-09 and Schneider formula. Determination of the characteristic value of the undrained shear strength τfu was carried out using statistical method on the basis of the prEN 1997-1:2022-09 standard and Schneider formula. The statistical calculations were based on the results of field vane tests carried out in organic subsoil of test embankment in Antoniny test site before loading and after the 2nd embankment stage. In order to determine the undrained shear strength τfu of organic soils from field vane tests, the measured values of shear strength τf v were corrected using the average values of correction factors μ = μ(lab) determined on the basis of triaxial compression, simple shear and triaxial extension tests. The analysis of the calculation results shows that with relatively numerous data sets, large values of the coefficient of variation Vx result in significantly lower characteristic values of τfu obtained according to prEN 1997-1:2022-09, compared to the values obtained according to the Schneider formula. In the case of few data sets, for which high values of the coefficient kn are obtained, with high values of the coefficient of variation Vx , the comparison of the values according to prEN 1997-1:2022-09 with the values obtained according to the Schneider formula shows the greatest differences.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maria Jolanta Sulewska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zbigniew Lechowicz
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E St., 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
  2. Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland

The trend of changes in soil organic carbon content in Poland over recent years

Urszula Zimnoch Paulina Bogusz Marzena Sylwia Brodowska Jacek Michalak
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2024 | 50 | 1 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2024.149430
Keywords organic matter soil pH soil carbon sequestration climate change mitigation organic soil carbon soil carbon cycle
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Abstract

The article analyzes soil organic carbon (SOC) content of in Poland from 2015 to 2021. The research aims to determine SOC levels and their dependence on soil agronomic categories and drought intensity. Soil samples from 1011 farms across 8 Polish voivodships were collected for analysis, all from the same agricultural plots. SOC determination was conducted using the Tiurin method. The results indicate a low SOC content nationwide (0.85-2.35%). Heavy soils exhibited higher SOC accumulation compared to light soils. Moreover, significant drought impact led to decreased SOC content in affected regions. Scientific evidence underscores a declining trend in organic carbon stock within agricultural soils, attributed to natural soil changes and unsustainable management practices. This decline is concerning given the crucial role of SOC in soil health, quality, and crop productivity. Therefore, it is imperative to monitor and address areas with low SOC levels to enhance SOC abundance. Furthermore, when used as a whole-cell biocatalyst in a low-cost upflow MFC, the Morganella morganii-rich SF11 consortium demonstrated the highest voltage and power density of 964.93±1.86 mV and 0.56±0.00 W/m3, respectively. These results suggest that the SF11 bacterial consortium has the potential for use in ceramic separator MFCs for the removal of penicillin and electricity generation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Urszula Zimnoch
1 2
Paulina Bogusz
1 3
Marzena Sylwia Brodowska
1
Jacek Michalak
4
  1. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
  2. Complexor Fertilizer Group, Stawiski, Poland
  3. Fertilizers Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network–New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Puławy, Poland
  4. Regional Chemical and Agricultural Station in Łódź, Poland

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