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Effectiveness of grapefruit extract and Pythium oligandrum in the control of bean and peas pathogens

Elżbieta Patkowska
Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2006 | vol. 46 | No 1 | 15-28
Keywords bean pea grapefruit extract Pythium oligandrum control
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Abstract

The purpose of the present work was to estimate the effectiveness of grapefruit extract and Pythium oligandrum in protection of common bean, runner bean and pea from soil-borne pathogenic fungi. The investigated preparations were used for seed dressing and spraying plants at the beginning of anthesis. The results pointed out that the applied products considerably improved emergence, healthiness and yielding of the examined plant species. Besides, Biosept 33 SL showed a better effect than Polyversum. Independently on the species, the fewest plants, with the greatest proportion of infected ones and the smallest yield of seeds were obtained from the untreated control. Alternaria alternata, Fusarium spp., Pythium irregulare, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were frequently isolated from infected roots and stem bases as well as from seeds of bean and pea. Fusarium oxysporum tuned out to be dominant. The proportion of the above listed fungi in the treatments with Biosept 33 SL or Polyversum was smaller than in the control. At the same time, the role of those fungi in infecting the plants of common bean, runner bean and pea treated with Biosept 33 SL was only a little smaller than after using Polyversum.

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Authors and Affiliations

Elżbieta Patkowska

The occurrence of thrips (Thripdae, Thysanoptera) on differentcul ci vars of pea (Pisurn sativurn L.)

Andrzej Wnuk Maria Pobożniak
Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2003 | vol. 43 | No 2 | 77-85
Keywords Pisum sativum L. pea cultivars thrips
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Abstract

In 1999-2001 the occurrence of thrips was analysed on seven cultivars of pea. The samples of leaves, then leaves and flower buds and the flowers were collected from plots. The analyses were initiated when the earliest cultivar (Sześciotygodniowy) began flowering and were repeated every 4-7 days, until the end of flowering. The following species of th rips were found: Franklinie/la intonsa Trybom, Thrips major Uzel, Thrips fuscipennis Hal., Thrips tabaci Lind. and Kakothrips robustus Uzel. The clear differences between the number of thrips on the particular cul tivars of pea were noticed. The most attractive were late cultivars Nike and Telefon as well as middle late Delisa II. It seems that the most important factor effecting on the number of thrips on particular cultivars was rather the start and the end of flowering than the length of the flowering period. The greatest number of thrips was noticed on flowers, from 50% to 77%. The thrips initially were found on leaves and then, as the pea was growing, on the flower buds and flowers. After the emergence of thrips, the analyses should be first initiated on leaves.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Wnuk
Maria Pobożniak

Effectiveness of natural essential oils in monitoring of the occurrence of pea leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis blanchard) in gerbera crop

Romuald Górski
Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2005 | vol. 45 | No 4 | 287-291
Keywords monitoring yellow sticky traps aromatic attractants pea leafminer
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Abstract

The presented studies revealed the usefulness of spruce oil, basil oil, juniper oil and clove oil in monitoring of the occurrence of pea leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis Blanchard). While using above mentioned oils on yellow sticky traps, it was found that the number of trapped insects increased significantly. In relation to the control (traps without any addition of aromatic substance), the increase amounted to: 561.33%, 287.95%, 159.74% and 130.77%, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

Romuald Górski

Controlling Acyrthosiphon pisum L. infestation using products of natural origin in forage pea

Ivelina Nikolova
Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2022 | vol. 62 | No 1 | 22-32 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2022.140293
Keywords control naturalis organic fertilizers pea aphid plastid pigments
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Abstract

The perspective direction in the biological regulation of insect pest populations is the combined use of different products of organic origin including fungal biological control agents. Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of products of natural origin (Aminogreen 24, Nitrogreen, Foliamin and Naturalis − strain ATCC 74040 of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana) and one synthetic insecticide − standard (deltamethrin + thiacloprid), applied alone and in a mixture in the control of Acyrthosiphon pisum in forage pea. The study was conducted in a field experiment during the period 2017 − 2020. Infestation by leaf aphids was estimated by calculating the cumulative insect- -days ( CID). It was found that the combination of Aminogreen 24 + Naturalis had the most pronounced decrease in CID among products over the years from 2017 to 2020 and the average for the period. The greatest, significant reduction in the number of aphids occurred on day 5 (F8.5 = 15.244; p < 0.033) and day 7 (F8.5 = 33.087; p < 0.037) after treatment. On the 14th day, the decrease in CID (57.4% decrease) statistically exceeded the Proteus 110 OD standard (55.3% decrease) (F8.5 = 49.841; p < 0.049). Good protection against A. pisum was also found with Naturalis and Nitrogreen + Naturalis. There was an additive effect between Naturalis and Aminogreen 24 throughout the entire study period. The ratio of chlorophyll a (Chl a) to chlorophyll b (Chl b) and the ratio of green pigments (Chl a + + Chl b) to carotenoids determined that plants treated with Aminogreen 24 + Naturalis and Naturalis had the best physiological state. The combination of Aminogreen 24 and Naturalis gave the largest, significant, increase in stem height, followed by Nitrogreen + Naturalis. The use of Naturalis, alone and in a combination with Aminogreen 24 and Nitrogreen can be a successful alternative to conventional chemical control.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ivelina Nikolova
1
  1. Institute of Forage Crops, Agricultural Academy, Pleven, Bulgaria

Measurement of sprinkled and encapsulated space charge in homo-multilayer dielectric samples using PEA method

Marek Florkowski Maciej Kuniewski
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 2 | e140686 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.140686
Keywords space charge corona discharge encapsulated charge PEA (pulsed electro acoustic) method high voltage insulation diagnostics
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Abstract

High voltage DC insulation plays an important role, especially in power transmission systems (HVDC) but also increasingly on medium voltage levels (MVDC). The space charge behavior under DC voltage has great importance on electrical insulation reliability. This paper reports investigations of encapsulated space charge in homo-multilayer dielectric materials using the pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) method. The charge has been introduced on the homo-layer interface by corona sprinkling prior to encapsulation. Two doses of charge density were accumulated on the dielectric surface in two types of dielectric materials Kapton and LDPE. The polarization DC voltage was applied in 2 min intervals in steps corresponding to an effective electric field strength in a range of 8-40 kV/mm for Kapton and 10-50 kV/mm for LDPE. The PEA-based detected space charge was compared at the initial, reference stage, prior to charge accumulation, and after corona sprinkling of defined charge density. The evaluation was based on the PEA time-dependent charge distributions and charge profiles referring to the DC polarization field strength. The goal of the experiment was to identify the relationship and the character of the known sprinkled and encapsulated charge inside homo-layered materials using the PEA method. According to the observations, the ratio between sprinkled charge densities is proportional to the encapsulated, charge densities measured by the PEA method on the interfacial homo-layer for the Kapton specimen. In the case of LDPE, a fast decrease of interfacial charge was observed, especially at a higher polarization field above 10 kV/mm. The encapsulation of the known charge amount can be extended to different types of multilayer material. The presented methodology might be used also for extended calibration of the PEA measurement system.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Florkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maciej Kuniewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Power Engineering, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

Experimental investigation into material characteristics of pea gravel

Jinliang Zhang Qiuxiang Huang Chao Hu Zhiqiang Wang
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 415-435 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2021.138063
Keywords pea gravel morphological properties uncompacted void content compressive strength digital image processing shield TBM
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Abstract

Pea gravel is a kind of a coarse aggregate with a specific particle size used to fill the annular gap between the lining segments and the surrounding ground when tunnel construction with shield machines is performed in hard rock. The main purpose of the present study is to propose quantitative morphological indices of the pea gravel and to establish their relations with the void content of the aggregate and the compressive strength of the mixture of pea gravel and slurry (MPS). Results indicate that the pea gravel of the crushed rock generally have a larger void content than that of the river pebble, and the grain size has the highest influence on the void ratio. Elongation, roughness and angularity have moderate influences on the void ratio. The content of the oversize or undersize particles in the sample affects the void ratio of the granular assembly in a contrary way. The compressive strength of the MPS made with the river pebble is obviously smaller than that of the MPS made with the crushed rock. In the crushed rock samples, the compressive strength increases with the increase of the oversize particle content. The relations between the morphological properties and the void content, and the morphological properties and the compressive strength of the MPS are expressed as regression functions. The outcomes of this study would assist with quality assessments in TBM engineering for the selection of the pea gravel material and the prediction of the compressive strength of the MPS.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jinliang Zhang
1
Qiuxiang Huang
2
ORCID: ORCID
Chao Hu
2
Zhiqiang Wang
1
  1. Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd. Zhengzhou, Henan, China
  2. State Key Lab of Geohazard Prevention and Environment Protection (SKLGP), Chengdu University of Technology (CDUT), Chengdu, Sichuan, China

Response of Maize, Pea and Radish Roots to Allelochemical Stress

Joanna Gmerek Barbara Politycka
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica | 2011 | vol. 53 | No 1 | DOI: 10.2478/v10182-011-0005-4
Keywords Allelopathic stress p-coumaric acid ferulic acid lipid peroxidation lipoxygenase pea plasma membrane injury radish roots sweet maize
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Abstract

We examined whether allelochemical stress leads to increased lipoxygenase activity in roots of sweet maize (Zea mays L. ssp. saccharata), pea (Pisum sativum L.) and radish (Raphanus sativum L. var. radicula). The lipoxygenase activity of soluble and membrane-bound fractions was assessed in roots after exposure to ferulic and p-coumaric acids. Lipid peroxidation and membrane injury were determined as indicators of stress. Increased lipoxygenase activity of both studied fractions was followed by lipid peroxidation and plasma membrane injury. The results suggest the key role of lipoxygenase in plasma membrane injury during allelochemical stress caused by administration of hydroxycinnamic acids.

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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Gmerek
Barbara Politycka

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