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Abstract

Solar cell performance decreases with increasing temperature, heat can reduce output efficiency by 10–25%. The operating temperature plays a key role in the photovoltaic conversion process. Increase in electrical efficiency depends on cooling techniques, in particular photovoltaic modules installed in the high temperature regions. A cooling process using a single nozzle of photovoltaic panel operating under different configurations was simulated. The simulation contains two parts: the first is a thermodynamic investigation of fluid impingement upon the sensor front face. The second is a performance comparison between two types of glass cover. The major result that emerges from this simulation is the effect of a single nozzle arrangement to enhance the cooling process, under a low cadence of impinging droplets in the range 0.1–1.7 m/s.
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Bibliography

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[8] Choubineh N., Jannesari H., Kasaeian A.: Experimental study of the effect of using phase change materials on the performance of an air-cooled photovoltaic system. Renew.Sust. Energ. Rev. 101(2019), 103–111.
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[11] Bahaidarah H., Subhan A., Gandhidasan P., Rehman S.: Performance evaluation of a PV (photovoltaic) module by back surface water cooling for hot climatic conditions. Energy 59(2013), 445–453.
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[13] Rahimi M., Sheyda P.V.E., Parsamoghadam M.A., Masahi M.M., Alsairafi A.A.: Design of a self-adjusted jet impingement system for cooling of photovoltaic cells. Energ. Convers. Manage. 83(2014), 48–57.
[14] Nižetic S., Coko D., Yadav A., Grubišic-Cabo F.: Water spray cooling technique applied on a photovoltaic panel: The performance response. Energ. Convers. Manage. 108(2016), 287–296.
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[17] Mikielewicz D., Muszynski T., Mikielewicz J.: Model of heat transfer in the stagnation point of rapidly evaporating microjet. Archives of Thermodynamics 33(2012), 1, 139–152.
[18] Rusowicz A., Leszczynski M., Grzebielec A., Laskowski R.: Experimental investigation of single-phase microjet cooling of microelectronics. Archives of Thermodynamics 36(2015), 3, 139–147.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hocine Mzad
1
Abdessalam Otmani
1

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, P.O. Box 12, DZ-23000, Algeria
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Abstract

A domestic hot water (DHW) system has been modernized in a multi-family house, located in the southeastern part of Poland, inhabited by 105 people. The existing heating system (2 gas boilers) was extended by a solar system consisting of 32 evacuated tube collectors with a heat pipe (the absorber area: 38.72 m2). On the basis of the system performance data, the ecological effect of the modernization, expressed in avoided CO2 emission, was estimated. The use of the solar thermal system allows CO2 emissions to be reduced up to 4.4 Mg annually. When analyzing the environmental effects of the application of the solar system, the production cycle of the most material-consuming components, namely: DHW storage tank and solar collectors, was taken into account. To further reduce CO2 emission, a photovoltaic installation (PV), supplying electric power to the pump-control system of the solar thermal system has been proposed. In the Matlab computing environment, based on the solar installation measurement data and the data of the total radiation intensity measurement, the area of photovoltaic panels and battery capacity has been optimized. It has been shown that the photovoltaic panel of approx. 1.8 m2 and 12 V battery capacity of approx. 21 Ah gives the greatest ecological effects in the form of the lowest CO2 emission. If a photovoltaic system was added it could reduce emissions by up to an additional 160 kg per year. The above calculations take also emissions resulting from the production of PV panels and batteries into account.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Olczak
ORCID: ORCID
Małgorzata Olek
Dominik Kryzia
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Research related to photovoltaic panels comprises different topics starting with modelling solar cells, finding new maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms, testing existing ones or designing of DC/DC converters for MPPT systems and microgrids that incorporate photovoltaic energy sources. In each of the examples above a deep knowledge of photovoltaic panels is required, as well as a reliable measurement system that can deliver continuous, stable light with enough power to meet standard test conditions (STC) and that can ensure repeatable results. Therefore this paper presents a low-cost solar simulator with a microcontroller-based measurement system, that can be used for various measurements of low-power photovoltaic panels.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Walczak
1
Leszek Bychto
1
Jarosław Kraśniewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Stanisław Duer
2

  1. Koszalin University of Technology, Department of Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Electronics, 2 Śniadeckich St., 75-453 Koszalin, Poland
  2. Koszalin University of Technology, Department of Energy, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, 15–17 Racławicka St., 75-620 Koszalin, Poland

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