The dorsal capsule of the wrist and the DCSS may play a significant role in the conduction of nerve signals transmitted from proprioceptors present in SL to PIN, which is located above the dorsal capsule. Hence, this study aimed to determine if nerve fibers of PIN penetrate inside the dorsal capsule. The dorsal capsules of the wrist were dissected from both sides from 15 cadavers. Eventually, 30 dorsal capsules were dissected. It can be concluded that the PIN nerve fibers penetrate the dorsal capsule of the wrist, as the penetration was noticeable in every part evaluated.
The present study proves that afferent fibers from the mechanoreceptors of the SLIL potentially pass through the DCSS and subsequently through the dorsal capsule of the wrist to the PIN. This knowledge can surely be of great use for hand surgeons that perform procedures on the dorsal wrist.

The article shows results of studies of primary crystallization and wear resistance of Cr-Ni-Mo cast steel intended for work in corrosive

and abrasive conditions. The studies of primary crystallization were conducted with use of TDA method and modified tester allowing

measurement casting cooling time influence on the cooling and crystallization curves of studied alloys. After heat treatment of examined

cast steel wear tests of the samples were conducted on pin-on-disc type device.

Considering the developing role of the friction stir welding in manufacturing industry, a complete study on the process is necessary. Studies on each stage of the process in particular, provide a better understanding of friction stir welding, and specially friction stir spot welding. In this study, plunge stage has been studied by experimental methods for investigating the temperature distribution around the tool during the plunge stage and microstructure changes of the workpiece. Experiments were performed on aluminium 7050 plates with coincident measurement of temperature. In the study, the tool which has a triangle pin is used. The results of this study are used as initial conditions for theoretical analysis of welding process. The results show that the temperature distribution around the tool is quite asymmetric. The asymmetric distribution of temperature is due to nonuniform load distribution underneath the tool and tilt angle of it. The temperatures of the points behind the tool are higher compared with points located forward the tool. Microstructural studies showed that four regions with different microstructures are formed around the tool during the process. These areas were separated based on differences in grain size and elongations. Grains near the tool are elongated in a particular direction that show the material flow direction.

Friction stir welding (FSW) currently contributes a significant joining process for welding aluminium, magnesium, and other metals in which no molten or liquid state were involved. It is well known that aluminium alloys are more effective, promising for different applications light weight, strength and low cost. This study aims to determine how such tools geometry and tool speed can be related to dissimilar material in the joining process. Specifically, it investigates whether the distribution of the weld zone particularly between tool pin profile to rotational speed. In this context, the influence of tool pin profile and tool rotational speed in relation to the mechanical properties and microstructure of friction stir welded. The aim of this study is also to test the hypothesis that better mixing between dissimilar metals at higher tool rotational speed along the weld path. Three different tool profiles were configured with AA5083 and AA7075. During welding, notable presence of various types of defects such as voids and wormholes in the weld region. The results of this work showed that the tool pin profile and weld parameter are significant in determining mechanical properties at different tool rotational speed. The highest tensile strength achieved was about 263 MPa and the defectfree joint was obtained by using the threaded tapered cylindrical pin tool at a rotational speed of 800 rpm. These findings indicate that different tool profiles influence differently on the formation of defects at welds. On this basis, the tool geometry should be considered when designing experimental friction stir welded joint.

In this paper a band notch characteristics reconfigurable UWB leaf shape monopole antenna is reported. The proposed antenna size is 42×32×1.6 mm3 and simulated S11 -10dB impedance bandwidth is from 2.1 to 13.0 GHz. The notch bands are embodied into the designed antenna to suppress Bluetooth and WiFi bands from 2.3-2.7 GHz and 4.6-5.3 GHz. The PIN Diode is loaded to slot on the DGS to achieve notch bands. It has 4.48dB and 1.7dB gain achieved when diode ON and OFF condition. Further, it encompasses a bio-inspired leaf shape patch having high feasibility for deployment in secret and military purposes.

In the present research, the wear behaviour of magnesium alloy (MA) AZ91D is studied and optimized. MA AZ91D is casted using a die-casting method. The tribology experiments are tested using pin-on-disc tribometer. The input parameters are sliding velocity (1‒3 m/s), load (1‒5 kg), and distance (0.5‒1.5 km). The worn surfaces are characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The response surface method (RSM) is used for modelling and optimising wear parameters. This quadratic equation and RSM-optimized parameters are used in genetic algorithm (GA). The GA is used to search for the optimum values which give the minimum wear rate and lower coefficient of friction. The developed equations are compared with the experimental values to determine the accuracy of the prediction.

In the paper the results and analysis of abrasive wear studies were shown for two grades of cast steels: low-alloyed cast steel applied for

heavy machinery parts such as housing, covers etc. and chromium cast steels applied for kinetic nodes of pin-sleeve type. Studies were

performed using the modified in Department of Foundry pin-on-disc method.

Ultra-precision testing is a very important procedure to secure the reliability of the products as well as for the technology development in the areas of semiconductor and display. Accordingly, companies manufacturing equipment for testing of semiconductor and display have been continuously executing researches for the improvement of the performances of test sockets used in test equipment.

Through this study, characteristics of the materials in accordance with the mechanical and electrical properties of Ni-30wt%Co alloy and newly developed Cu-2wt%Be alloy were analyzed in order to select the probe pin material of the socket, which is a key component used in the semiconductor testing equipment. In addition, finite element interpretation was executed by using Ansys Workbench 14.0 to comparatively analyze the finite element interpretation results and experimental results. Experiment was executed for the mechanical properties including tensile strength, elasticity modulus, specific heat, thermal expansion coefficient and Contact Force, for electrical properties, experiment on surface resistance, specific resistance and electrical conductivity was executed to measure the properties. It was confirmed that the results of finite element interpretation and experiment displayed similar trend and it is deemed that the Contact Force value was superior for Be-Co alloy.

Through this study, it was confirmed that the newly developed Be-Co alloy is more appropriate as probe pin material used as the core component of test socket used in the semiconductor testing equipment than the existing Ni-Co alloy.

Friction stir welding is a solid state innovative joining technique, widely being used for joining aluminium alloys in aerospace, marine automotive and many other applications of commercial importance. The welding parameters and tool pin profile play a major role in deciding the weld quality. In this paper, an attempt has been made to understand the influences of welding speed and pin profile of the tool on friction stir welded joints of AA6082-T6 alloy. Three different tool pin profiles (tapered cylindrical four flutes, triangular and hexagonal) have been used to fabricate the joints at different welding speeds in the range of 30 to 74 mm/min. Microhardness (HV) and tensile tests performed at room temperature were used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the joints. In order to analyse the microstructural evolution of the material, the weld’s cross-sections were observed optically and SEM observations were made of the fracture surfaces. From this investigation it is found that the hexagonal tool pin profile produces mechanically sound and metallurgically defect free welds compared to other tool pin profiles.

This paper presents frequency reconfigurable dual band antenna for WiMAX and LTE 2500 band applications using four PIN diode switches. The antenna is compact in size with dimensions of 30 x 30 x 0.8 mm3 and designed on FR-4 dielectric substrate with a partial ground plane. The fabricated antenna operates in the frequency range of LTE and WiMAX (2.5-2.69 GHz and 3.4-3.6 GHz) respectively. The frequencies can be controlled by using PIN diodes and antenna attained the gain ranging of 3.34-4.46 dBi. This designed antenna resonating at 2.52 and 3.49 GHz when the PIN diodes are in ON state and resonating at 2.68 and 3.58 GHz when PIN diodes are in OFF state. The proposed antenna has bidirectional radiation at upper frequency bands and unidirectional at lower frequency bands. The proposed split ring structured antenna has the radiation efficiency of 94.12% at 2.52 GHz and 90.34% at 3.49 GHz in ON state. Antenna providing good agreement between the measured (Antenna measurement setup with VNA) and simulated results (Ansys-HFSS).

While cycloid pin-wheel precision reducers (referred to as RV reducers) are widely used in industrial robots, a widely accepted design standard or verification method of their test platforms is not available. In this study, a comprehensive sliding-separation test platform of RV reducers was developed. The test platform can test various measurement items such as transmission error, static measurement of lost motion, dynamic measurement of lost motion, torsional rigidity, no-load running torque, starting torque, backdriving torque, and transmission efficiency of the RV reducer for robots. The principle and method of dynamic measurement of lost motion tests based on the two-way transmission error method were studied and this test function was successfully integrated with the comprehensive test platform in order to increase the test items of the dynamic performance parameters of RV reducers. The measurement results of the no-load running torque of the RV reducer were consistent with the Stribeck curve. Based on the concept of optimal measurement speed, a decomposition test method of the geometric component of the dynamic measurement of lost motion and the elastic component of the dynamic measurement of lost motion was proposed in the dynamic measurement test of lost motion. Through precision calibration, function test and repeatability test, the results were compared with the data of enterprise’s samples. The consistent results have proved that the test platform met engineering requirements and measurement accuracy requirements. Based on the new test principle, the developed platform can test more parameters of RV reducers with high precision and display the comprehensive test performance.