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Abstract

Article deals with the problem of technology selection for construction project. Three criteria were proposed: cost, time and technological complexity. To solve the problem, fuzzy preference relations were used. Authors present an algorithm supporting multi-criteria decision-making process. The algorithm creates fuzzy preference relations on the basis of the fuzzy comparison: “xᵢ is better than xj”.Then, with the use of criteria weights it creates general fuzzy preference relation, finds all non-dominated (admissible) alternatives and the best one among them. The algorithm consists of 7 steps. Authors show application of the proposed algorithm – example calculations.

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Authors and Affiliations

N. Ibadov
J. Rosłon
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Abstract

During the planning and controlling of the construction process, most attention is focu sed on risk analysis, especially in the context of final costs and deadlines of the investment. In this analysis, the primary and most significant concern is the proper identification and quantification of events, which on a certain level of probability may affect the development process. This paper presents the result of a risk analysis for a particular building object, made after completion of the investment and accepting it for use. Knowledge of the planned values and the actual investment process allowed for the identification of the events and their effects that in this case have significantly disrupted the investment process. The limited total cost of the investment project in question had a considerable impact on the progress of the project execution. Despite three transitions of administrative procedures, the opening date of the shopping centre was delayed by only three weeks.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Lendo-Siwicka
M. Połoński
K. Pawluk
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Abstract

In the Polish spatial planning law one of basic principles is to preserve spatial order. However, the analysis of the law and its implementation show, that instead of spatial order, overall circumstances promote disorder. The analysis covers the law adopted in 2018, which aimed at boosting the development of housing. Findings show, that the new law may rather promote chaos in urban space. One of the drawbacks is undermining of the spatial order by creating the possibility of adopting resolutions pertaining to housing and accompanying services, that are contradictory to provisions of master plans.

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Authors and Affiliations

Elżbieta Czekiel-Świtalska
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Abstract

Transport and Space in Socio-Economic Life. This paper deals with key issues arising when transport is confronted with chaotic socio-economic environments. Nowadays especially urbanised areas are facing some crucial issues concerning urban planning under conditions of spatial chaos. Transport, having an important role in connecting the space of social and economic life, is a mean to reduce spatial chaos but is also subjected to the impacts chaotic socio-economic forces have. Within this research the interrelation between transport and disordered environment in which transport has to operate is addressed in regard to: transport infrastructure investment planning, traffic congestion management, transport accessibility, accidents and transport safety and impact of transport on the environment. It is the expected role of transport system to reduce chaos, especially in urban areas. But to what degree transport is actually fulfilling this task? In fact in many places badly organized transport might add to the problem instead of solving it. The effect the chaotic spatial organisation has on transport accessibility influences daily economic and social activity of people. Specifically there are numerous cost drivers activated by chaotic transport development resulting mainly in higher costs of moving people and goods, negative impact on value of time in transport processes, direct costs involved like more intensive fuel and material consumption or heightened depreciation of vehicles. Transport could be also perceived as a source of many significant external effects for society and environment, which entails valid environmental costs. The list of transport external effects is relatively long. This is due to the fact that transport is also one of the most important sectors of the modern industrialized economy and modern society. Poorly planned transport system adds to the already chaotic socio-economic setup. This is especially visible in cities where different layers of chaos can interfere and create dangerous synergies. Due to the lack of adequate space management, and this is the case in the discussed spatial chaos, environmental and social externalities are growing, which leads to higher social costs, which every citizen pays for in the final bill. On the other hand well planned transport system should help to curb chaotic socio-economic environment. Thus the key problem analysed in this paper is whether and how transport system could be an ordering force planned and enforced in effective way in order to reduce chaos created by other activities or rather an additional negative effect within the whole spectrum of chaos drivers.
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Authors and Affiliations

Przemysław Borkowski
Jan Burnewicz
Aleksandra Koźlak
Barbara Pawłowska
Agnieszka Ważna
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Abstract

Classical planning in Artificial Intelligence is a computationally expensive problem of finding a sequence of actions that transforms a given initial state of the problem to a desired goal situation. Lack of information about the initial state leads to conditional and conformant planning that is more difficult than classical one. A parallel plan is the plan in which some actions can be executed in parallel, usually leading to decrease of the plan execution time but increase of the difficulty of finding the plan. This paper is focused on three planning problems which are computationally difficult: conditional, conformant and parallel conformant. To avoid these difficulties a set of transformations to Linear Programming Problem (LPP), illustrated by examples, is proposed. The results show that solving LPP corresponding to the planning problem can be computationally easier than solving the planning problem by exploring the problem state space. The cost is that not always the LPP solution can be interpreted directly as a plan.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Galuszka
1
Eryka Probierz
1

  1. Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

The starting point of the study on the problems, dilemmas and hopes for effective implementation of revitalization projects in Polish cities was the conviction that revitalization is one of the processes affecting the development and changes in the spatial and functional fabric of cities. Revitalization is defined as a deliberate and purposeful process, the effect of which is to restore life in the dysfunctional and degraded parts of cities. Taking up such a topic required an answer to the question about the nature of revitalization and its aspects. The focus of the study was on the problems of revitalization that stem from the legal and socio-economic situation and the dilemmas faced by local government authorities of Polish cities. The introduction to these considerations is the brief outline of the revitalization of Polish cities in the period after World War II, while the conclusion deals with the fears and hopes related to revitalization activities that are presently initiated. The discussion takes into account the existing, critically assessed, legal regulations on revitalization.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Gasidło
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Abstract

Spatial Disorder vs. Data Collection on Spatial Planning in Poland. The article deals with the issue of spatial disorder as a consequence of lack of information about spatial planning in local government administration units. An efficient monitoring system of spatial planning on the local level is indispensable for the effective implementation of public policies, development strategies and operational programmes. Lack of full knowledge of land use leads to irrational and unsustainable use of resources in municipalities. The activities of public statistics in the field of the quality of information on spatial management concern the quality and methods of obtaining data, while adjusting the information available to the needs of authorities responsible for spatial planning at all levels.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Pieniążek
Michał Orleański
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Abstract

This paper presents optimisation of a measuring probe path in inspecting the prismatic parts on a CMM. The optimisation model is based on: (i) the mathematical model that establishes an initial collision-free path presented by a set of points, and (ii) the solution of Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) obtained with Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO). In order to solve TSP, an ACO algorithm that aims to find the shortest path of ant colony movement (i.e. the optimised path) is applied. Then, the optimised path is compared with the measuring path obtained with online programming on CMM ZEISS UMM500 and with the measuring path obtained in the CMM inspection module of Pro/ENGINEER® software. The results of comparing the optimised path with the other two generated paths show that the optimised path is at least 20% shorter than the path obtained by on-line programming on CMM ZEISS UMM500, and at least 10% shorter than the path obtained by using the CMM module in Pro/ENGINEER®.

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Authors and Affiliations

Slavenko M. Stojadinovic
Vidosav D. Majstorovic
Numan M. Durakbasa
Tatjana V. Sibalija
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Abstract


One of the ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere is to minimise the production of fossil fuels energy, which, among others, can be achieved through gradual closure of hard and brown coal mines. However, such transformation comes with economic and social problems as well as structural changes. This article is a case study based on the objectives of the Spatial Development Plan for the Central Coal Region (CRW) – Lublin Coal Basin (LZW), developed as a consequence of the discovery of significant hard coal deposits in the north-eastern part of the Lublin voivodeship in the 1960’s. In retrospect, it can be observed that the overly ambitious objectives of the CRW-LZW urban plan were implemented only to a limited extent.
This article aims to compare the original urban planning objectives with the current development of the industrial district and to indicate the cause for such a significant limitation of the realisation of the originally planned investment. Also, the article endeavours to simultaneously emphasize which factors should be specially considered, when planning such large-scope investments, that also broadly influence demographic and urban structure of the region and the way it is functioning.
The analysis was carried out in the context of economic difficulties and the political crisis at the turn of the 1970s and 1980s, the changes in the country’s political and economic system, as well as the principles of the socio-economic concept of sustainable development implemented at the end of the 20th century, and the currently prevailing circular economy. The characteristics and analysis of the adopted design solutions were carried out, the assessment of the extent to which the planned investment was completed and what factors influenced its current condition. The collected data is summarized and compared in a table. The conclusions may prove helpful in establishing the direction of Lublin Coal Basin the development in the coming years. The described solutions and experiences may constitute the theoretical basis for accurate forecasting of the scope of similar investments in the future.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Tomasz Dmitruk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lublin University of Technology, 38D Nadbystrzycka Str., 20-618 Lublin, Poland
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Abstract

The first post-war, comprehensive Gdynia Downtown Plan was at the same time one of the first spatial development plans in Poland defining the directions of transformation of multifunctional downtown structures in the new system and legal realities. It was the Plan of the Polish Breakthrough related to the realities of the downtown area of Gdynia. The study area included the Gdynia Valley limited by the hills of Kamienna Góra, Redłowo and Chylońskie Forests with the development of a complete pre-war city developing in accordance with the fi rst plan of Adam Kuncewicz from 1925 in the zone of 3 km, counted from the center of the inner port. The aim of the plan was to look for centralizing potential in the fi eld of research. This concept was treated as a power degree related to the then existing state, as well as the possibility of further development or transformation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Barbara Bańkowska
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Abstract

The concept of green infrastructure is currently being applied in management of the environmental space of cities, regions and even countries. In Poland this concept is known, as evidenced by increasing number of papers on the subject. The purpose of the article is to determine, whether and to what extent the concept is used in the spatial structure planning of Polish cities. The research was focused on analysing Studies of Conditions and Directions of Spatial Development prepared lately in three Polish cities: Gdańsk, Łódź and Wrocław.
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Authors and Affiliations

Barbara Szulczewska
1

  1. Institute of Urban and Regional Development
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Abstract

This paper presents a synthesis of research in the field of social activity in development of urban public spaces. Interest in social participation in which many groups sees a remedy to the problems of the city - including spatial chaos - has many causes. One of them is the lack of trust in the social side to the profession of architecture. The article indicates the possible cause of this state for which it was flawed legislation and the planning system, which in practice is not conducive to the formation of order, harmony and beauty, but facilitate the implementation of the narrow groups of interests, bringing the rank of designer as creator of the role of the investor's decision executor.

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Authors and Affiliations

Miłosz Zieliński
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Different social and professional groups have different perspectives on space and spatial planning, which is in turn reflected in their differing understanding of the law and differing approach to regulations that shape the spatial order.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej J. Nowak
1

  1. West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
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Abstract

Budowanie miast nie jest zajęciem dla każdego. Aby na tym polu działać z powodzeniem potrzebne są umiejętności, z których pożytek staje się dobrem publicznym. Umiejętności – zdobywane wraz z wiedzą i doświadczeniem, nakładającymi się na wrodzone zdolności: intelekt, wyobraźnię, wrażliwość artysty. Ale również owo dobro publiczne, a więc akceptowane i właściwie pożytkowane dzieło sztuki budowy miast nie zaowocuje w każdych okolicznościach. Trudno sobie wyobrazić zadowolenie nomadów z mieszkania w dzielnicy willowej. Nie znaczy to jednak, aby urbaniści tworzyć mieli „pod publiczkę” – wprost przeciwnie! Jak w każdej sztuce, tak i w tej, odbiorca powinien otrzymać od twórcy dzieła nieco więcej niżby się spodziewał. Celem planowania jest ład przestrzeni. Jego ustawową definicję trudno wykorzystać jeśli chodzi o mieszczące się w niej „wymagania kompozycyjno-estetyczne”. Od czasów Witruwiusza określano je jako venustas a więc pożądany powab przestrzeni. Dziś, z rzadka używając synonimu „piękno” – podchodzimy do tego tak, jakby nie wypadało o tym mówić, jakbyśmy zapomnieli, że sztuka budowy miast może przynieść piękno w otoczeniu człowieka! Wobec trudno uchwytnego – w urzędowej nowomowie – meritum, zastępuje się je gąszczem wymagań dotyczących między innymi skali opracowania, oprogramowania komputerowego, zakresu uzgodnień, skutków finansowych itp. Zupełnie tak, jakbyśmy chcieli dokonać wyboru miss na podstawie zaświadczeń lekarskich kandydatek. Tymczasem kryteria te powinny być jedynie dopuszczające do uczestnictwa w konkursie, zaś laureatem i zleceniobiorcą powinien być ten, kto zaprojektuje najpiękniejszą kompozycję przestrzenną,
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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksander Bӧhm
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Abstract

The basic resource of urban planning is space, which as a result of transformation has a direct impact on socio-economic development and quality of life. The author’s purpose was to define planning solutions for urban spatial policy, which can raise the quality of living, especially in the residential environment. In connection with the above, the literature of the subject was analysed and examples of good spatial policy and urban development in the living environment were shown. Particular attention was paid to the planning solutions in Paris and Vienna, as well as to the examples of the new living environment creation in some Scandinavian cities.

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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Włoch-Szymla
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Abstract

Maritime spatial planning is quite a new field that emerged as an idea only after 2000, with the first practical implementation after 2010. In Polish legislation, the first entries regarding the possibilities of this type of planning appeared in 2003. For the next ten years resources of necessary knowledge and human competences had been created. In this way, a considerable amount of knowledge in the field of maritime spatial planning was accumulated in Poland, and our country has become one of the leaders in scientific research in this field. Poland has enriched the MSP methodology and has proposed many new and pioneering solutions. In 2016, the Directors of Maritime Offices began developing a coherent draft of maritime spatial plan for Polish maritime areas in the part relating to the exclusive economic zone, the territorial sea and parts of internal sea waters (including the Gulf of Gdańsk) on a scale of 1: 200,000. The work on the preparation of this draft plan was coordinated on behalf of all offices by the Director of the Maritime Office in Gdynia, and the work was assigned to a Consortium consisting of the Maritime Institute in Gdańsk and the Maritime Fisheries Institute – National Research Institute in Gdynia. The Polish plan is included in the top ten plans in the world and is one of the first to have a decision-making and not indicative character. The Polish planning process has resulted in the development of many innovative solutions that are worth wider dissemination. The presented study aims to identify key problems and formulate conclusions regarding spatial planning of Polish maritime areas, as well as to propose the most important directions for further planning work. The analytical material that is the subject of the study are experience and solutions adopted in our country for maritime spatial planning.

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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Matczak
Joanna Pardus
Feliks Pankau
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Abstract

The aim of the work was to develop a prioritizing and scheduling method to be followed in small and medium-sized companies operating under conditions of non-rhythmic and nonrepeatable production. A system in which make to stock, make to order and engineer to order (MTS, MTO and ETO) tasks are carried out concurrently, referred to as a non-homogenous system, has been considered. Particular types of tasks have different priority indicators. Processes involved in the implementation of these tasks are dependent processes, which compete for access to resources. The work is based on the assumption that the developed procedure should be a universal tool that can be easily used by planners. It should also eliminate the intuitive manner of prioritizing tasks while providing a fast and easy to calculate way of obtaining an answer, i.e. a ready plan or schedule. As orders enter the system on an ongoing basis, the created plan and schedule should enable fast analysis of the result and make it possible to implement subsequent orders appearing in the system. The investigations were based on data from the non-homogenous production system functioning at the Experimental Plant of the Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Refractory Materials Division – ICIMB. The developed procedure includes the following steps: 1 – Initial estimation of resource availability, 2 – MTS tasks planning, 3 – Production system capacity analysis, 4 – ETO tasks planning, 5 – MTO orders planning, 6 – Evaluation of the obtained schedule. The scheduling procedure is supported by KbRS (Knowledge-based Rescheduling System), which has been modified in functional terms for the needs of this work assumption.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bożena Skołud
1
Agnieszka Szopa
2
Krzysztof Kalinowski
1

  1. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poland
  2. The Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Refractory Materials Division in Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

During studying and mathematical description of the trends of urbanized territories development as ecological and town-planning systems there were several vague similarities founded between its major parameters change periodicity and other physical values, having undulatory nature. Obtained counterparts had predetermined interest for search of fundamental basics of urbanization. It turned out that all laws of Nature has the same basis – power permanence rule. This law is known in philosophy as principle of «change of unchangeable», in ecology – as a law of ecosystem self-regulation, in accordance to which at conditions of insufficient occupancy of the territory the population amount growths, and at conditions of over-occupancy it decreases. According to research, also development attributable to the dynamics of urbanized territories is noticeable, in which all the four types of physical interactions are expressed to a certain degree. These and other results of research have allowed to articulate the main principles of ecological space «urban physics» content, which have proven to be coordinated with the postulates of new single field physics (Bishkek version). The above-mentioned have allowed to lay down the theoretical foundation for an occurrence of a new branch in the science of townplanning i.e. wave urbanistics, as a science of management by unduly processes of territories development in order to provide a conditions of their sustainable development.
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Authors and Affiliations

Iryna Ustinova
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Abstract

Urban agriculture and horticulture, although accompanying cities since the dawn of history, has become a newly defined issue of their development in the last quarter century. This applies to the development of the economic as well as social and spatial sphere. In Poland, urban agriculture, treated as a conscious activity of entrepreneurs and private individuals, as well as the subject of the authorities’ interest, has not yet acquired full citizenship. It still remains in the sphere of considerations of scientists who are thinking about how to define the phenomenon in Polish conditions, as well as the possibilities and limitations of introducing this type of enterprise into the economic, social and spatial structures of the city. The purpose of the article is to identify problems and issues related to the possibility of introducing urban agriculture issues to urban spatial planning.
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Authors and Affiliations

Renata Giedych
1
Barbara Szulczewska
2

  1. Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie, Instytut Inżynierii Środowiska, Katedra Architektury Krajobrazu, ul. Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa
  2. Instytut Rozwoju Miast i Regionów, ul. Targowa 45, 03-728 Warszawa
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Abstract

The subject discussed in this paper is the evolution of the ideas of organic development in urban planning, focused on the waterfront areas. The paper also aims to analyze and interpret current trends in urban water waterfront planning, which are infl uenced by the contemporary ideas related to environmental issues, landscape planning, new technologies in the fi eld of building design and civil- and hydroengineering or application of the renewable energy sources.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Władysław Paszkowski
Izabela Kozłowska
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Abstract

The main purpose of this article is to present facts related to the history of Port Praski located on the right bank of the Vistula river in Warsaw, which is currently being built. The subject of the consideration is the area and development of the former Port Praski, which project and the fi rst works began after the First World War. It’s spatial and functional connections with the downtown area and surroundings are also key issue. The article presents plans, concepts, projects and investments, furthermore theirs level of implementation. Signifi cant eff ort was made to answer the research questions concerning social expectations regarding the function and the direction of Port Praski development. In the final part of the article was made a comparison of existing revitalization works in Port Praski with HafenCity – the district of Hamburg, where the revitalization project has been already implemented for 20 years. However, comparative analysis revealed several signifi cant differences, allowed to conclude that Polish model of revitalization is only a partially identical with the approach applied in Western Europe.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krystyna Guranowska-Gruszecka
Monika Kordek
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Abstract

The article attempts a comparison of two harbor districts, in Gdansk and in Hamburg. In 2013, a multiannual program - IBA Hamburg (International Building Exhibition) - was completed. The IBA, initiated with the a concept of the Leap over the Elbe River, part of the Growing City development agenda, addressed the problem of restructuring the port-nearby zones in Harburg and Wilhelmsburg, which have been recognised as areas of high potential in metropolitan development. The concept of metrozones (intra-peripheries or intra border zones), similarly to the term in-between City (German: Zwischenstadt), describes the current problems associated with the strive for creation of an original, but efficient and compact European city. Restructuring of the harbor districts enables new development of the urbanized, but never planned as urban space, areas. Shaped in accordance with the technological capabilities and with the regulation standards and norms of the second half of the 20th century, nowadays the areas form the resultative landscape, burdened with the image of an unfriendly or even dangerous zones. In the era of high technology, metrozones are becoming valuable intra-city developmental areas, opened to alternative urban programs, avoiding the homogenising global trends. In connection with the above, the article describes the situation of the area organized around Nowy Port in Gdansk.

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Authors and Affiliations

Gabriela Rembarz

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