Search results

Filters

  • Journals
  • Authors
  • Keywords
  • Date
  • Type

Search results

Number of results: 140
items per page: 25 50 75
Sort by:
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

A trial to determine the atmospheric precipitants and their role as the element of pollutants budget in transport of pollutants into water ecosystems has been presented. Total dawnfall method were used with sedimentary funnels of 0.28 m2 . The pH, conductivity, ammonia, nitrites, nitrates, organic nitrogen, phosphates, organic carbon, chlorides, sulphates, calcium, magnesium and heavy metals (iron, zinc, lead and cadmium) were determined. The analysis results are similar to the results obtained at other sample points of Upper Silesia. The range of pollutant concentration changes indicate the objective factors for the analysis results dispersion. With the method apllied, only average values of concentration can be used for the evaluation of the chemical status of downfall waters and atmospheric air. The atmospheric precipitants thought underestimated are siginificant source for pollutants (nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals) introduced directly to the trophogenical zone of water ecosystem. In the case of the Kłodnica hydro-junction reservoirs, the loads of nitrogen and phosphorus from atmospheric precipitations are determined as "dangerous surface loading". The presence of considerable loads of magnesium in the precipitations indicates the possibility of chemical precipitation of polyphosphates from epilimnion zone, and are consequence the quicker transportation of phosphorus to the bottom sediments. It can activate the intra-reservoir enrichment process.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Kostecki
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The distribution of heavy metals in the bonom sediments has been determined, It has been shown that they are spaciously differentiated. The differentiation is a result of water movement, eutroficat ion, bioaccurnulation and anthropoprcsion processes. As a result of specific water movement the area of intensity of the heavy metals accumulation was created. This area (about 150 ha) is located in the northwest part of the reservoir. The maximal concentrations of heavy metals for this region are: for cadmium 30 mg Cd/kg, for nickel 55 mg Ni/kg, for chromium 130 mg Cr/kg, for lead 160 mg Pb/kg, for copper 1000 mg Cu/kg, for zinc 1300 mg Zn/kg. The localization of the most polluted areas is essential for possible reclamation procedures to improve water and overall ecosystem quality.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Kostecki
Eligiusz Kowalski
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

In 1999, in comparison to 1979, oxygen conditions in the Przemsza River improved. The maximal concentrations of BOD decreased about 20 times, whereas minimal concentrations from 3 to 10 times. On the basic changes of COD it was found that the quantity of recalcitrant pollutants is the same as 10 years ago, the salinity of water is also the same. The volume of ammonia and nitrites has decreased. The probable cause of decrease of nitrates was the reduction of fertilisers levels in the basin area of the Przemsza River. The suspended solids concentrations in the water are abatemanted. The water quality of the river gets worse along the river, coupe especially near the towns of Mysłowice and Jelen.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Antoni Deryło
Maciej Kostecki
Piotr Szilman
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

PAHs belong to a group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The article is a survey of literature concerning the PAH content in uncooked as well as processed and cooked food. PAHs/POPs are very common cancerogenic and mutagenie pollutants. They can reach food through the consecutive links of the food chain. Hence they create a serious health hazard. The quoted literature indicates that these pollutants are very common in uncooked as we! processed and cooked food. PAHs occurring in plant matter are usually adsorbed on the surface of the leaves or roots. In some cases they also uptake to plants. Plant contamination is caused mainly by air deposition. As far as processed and cooked food is concerned the PAH content depends on its preparation. Extremely intense PAH contamination is in smoked fish and meat as well as products prepared over open name (e.g. barbecue). Cereal and vegetables are the main PAH sources in a human diet.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Patryk Oleszczuk
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This paper presents possibilities for of numerical modelling of biomass combustion in a commercially available boiler. A sample of biomass was tested with respect to its physical and chemical properties. Thermogravimetry studies of biomass were carried out. Computer simulation makes it possible to analyse complex phenomena which are otherwise difficult to observe. The aim of this work was to model biomass combustion to predict the amount of pollutants generated (NOx, CO, SO2) in the exhaust gases coming out from boilers The calculations were made using the CHEMKIN program. Results of calculations were performed taking into account the influence of temperature, pressure and residence time.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Aneta Magdziarz
Małgorzata Wilk
Monika Zajemska
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

If we throw something into a river, how long will it take to reach a certain location downstream? We talk to Prof. Ian Guymer from the University of Sheffield about our increasingly complex models of this deceptively simple problem.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Ian Guymer
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Results of testing air quality in the vicinity of Gliwice transport routes arc presented in the paper. Assessment of air contamination with nitrogen dioxide from motor transport, for typical conditions dominating in big cities of high transit movement without any ring roads was the studies objective. Presented results will be used in the future to determine the impact of opening the ring road on air quality in the city. In the studies, the passive method of sampling, with further application of spectrophotometric technique to determine nitrogen dioxide concentration, was used. Average annual nitrogen dioxide concentrations were based on average daily concentrations measured from July 2004 to June 2005 at 16 measuring points. As they meet conditions for random distribution of measuring days and cover the measuring time, they were treated as average concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in a calendar year and were compared with a permissible concentration to make an assessment of air quality..
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Żak
Anna Loster
Barbara Kozielska
Edyta Melaniuk-Wolny
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber is widely used to prevent pollution flashover with its excellent hydrophobicity and hydrophobicity transfer. However, RTV coatings are at the risk of deterioration and failure in heavily polluted operating environment. In this paper, RTV coated insulators with different suspension heights operating in coal ash polluted areaswere sampled. Pollution degree, pollution composition and aging degree of coatings were tested. The result shows that the insoluble pollution contains Al(OH)3 filler precipitated from RTV coating, which indicates the aging of the RTV coating. The top surface coating is more affected by ultraviolet and rainwater than the bottom surface resulting in more serious degradation. As the pollution degree of the lower phase insulator is heavier than that of the upper phase insulator, the erosion effect of pollution on the RTV coating is more intense. The fillers and rubber molecules of RTV continuously precipitate into the pollution layer, leading to further aging. Therefore, the overall aging degree of the lower insulator coating is more serious than that of the upper insulator coating.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Lei Lan
Lin Mu
Yu Wang
ORCID: ORCID
Xiaoqing Yuan
Wei Wang
ORCID: ORCID
Zhenghui Li
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The paper presents the results of the research on particle size distribution of dust emitted from drybottom boilers burning pulverized coal. A cascade impactor separated fly-ash particles into seven size fractions with the following equivalent aerodynamic diameters: 0.38; 0.88; 1.9; 2.9; 6.3; 10.0 μm. Cumulative size-specific emission factors were determined. In order to obtain some information on the trace elements distribution in the fly-ash size-fraction concentration of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Zr, Sr, Pb, Br was determined in the samples collected. The elemental analysis was performed by Proton Induced X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy. Small mass loadings obtained from the cascade impactor, which are often insufficient for other analytical methods, are well within the sensitivity range of the PIXE/RBS analysis. The results of the research concerning one of the domestic power stations arc presented as an example.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Staisz
Bogusław Rajchel
Jan Konieczyński
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The paper presents a new method of calculating the mixing length of pollutants, based on the coefficient of the degree of concentrations levelling. Two models have been used: of Bielski and of Boczar of advective transport of pollutants with transverse dispersion. A method of determining the coefficient a,, in Bielski's formula for rectangular or other concentration distribution of pollutants in the initial cross-section has been given. The differences which will occur when determining using any of these methods the mixing length and the concentration distribution on the width of water-course are analysed. It has been noticed, that the differences are due to the different method used when deriving the formula (9) and (11). It has been found, that in order to shorten the mixing length the pollutants should be disposed, as far as possible, near the river axis and also in such a way as to make the formed zone of inflow of pollutants, of the width 2L, as large as possible.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Bielski
Agnieszka Gońka
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The objective of this research was to estimate the content of 16 PAHs (US EPA list) in plants (com and willow) cultivated in sewage sludge-amended soil. An ultrasonic method and dichloromethane have been used to extract total PAHs content. The solid phase extraction was performed to purify sample extracts. HPLC and UV detection were employed to separate and quantify the studied PAHs. On the basis of the obtained results a bioconcentration factor was calculated. The contents of 16 PAH in plants ranged from 5.83 to 33.8 μg/kg d.m., with a dominant share of low molecular weight PAHs. The application of sewage sludge caused an increase in the PAH content in plants in relation to the dose applied. However, even the highest doses of sewage sludge did not led to the increase of PAI-ls content in plants above the level which may be hazardous for human health. The bioconccntration factors were on the level notted by others authors and ranged from 0.04 to 0.38 for the sum of 16 PAH.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Patryk Oleszczuk
Stanisław Baran
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The objective of this research was to estimate bioavailable forms of choosen PAHs in sewage sludgeamended light soil. To estimate amount of bioavailable forms of PAHs the soil has been extracted with 25% tetrahydrofuran solution in water. Ultrasonic method and dichloromethane have been used to extract total content of PAHs. Influence of sludge dose on bioavailable PAHs content has been evaluated. Bioavailability of PAHs has been related to organic matter content in sewage sludge. High correlation between log Kow and level ofbioavailable forms of PAH's in soil has been noticed.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Baran
Patryk Oleszczuk
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The paper presents results of research concerning operating of five small wastewater treatment plants working in two different technologies: hydrobotanical wastewater treatment plant and constructed wetland. Each object was designed for the treatment of domestic sewage after preliminary mechanical treatment in a septic tank. Hydrobotanical wastewater treatment plants and one of constructed wetland beds were built for treating sewage produced in educational institutions and resort. In the article attention is paid to possibility of exceeding the maximum allowable concentration of pollutants for three main indicators of pollution: BOD5, COD, and total suspension. The reduction of these indices is required by the Regulation of the Minister of Environment [14] for wastewater treatment plants with PE < 2000. In addition, the paper presents the effects of wastewater treatment to reduce biogens. The best quality of outflow was reached by outflows from constructed wetland treatment plants. None of the observed objects fulfilled the requirements in terms of allowable concentrations for total suspension. The most effective were objects operating in technology of “constructed wetland”.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Pawęska
Krzysztof Kuczewski
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This article presents data on the anthropogenic air emissions of selected substances (CO2, SO2, total suspended particles (TSP), dioxins

and furans (PCDD/F), Pb and Cd) subject to reporting under the Climate Convention (UNFCCC) or the Convention on Long-range

Transboundary Air Pollution (UNECE CLRTAP). It also presents the national emissions of these substances in 2014 by the major source

categories and defines the share of metal production in these emissions. Analysis is based on national emission inventory reports. Most

important source of air emission in case of CO2 and SO2 is 1.A.1 Energy industries category. TSP and PCDD/F are emitted mainly from

fuel combustion in small sources (i.a. households). Emission of heavy metals (Pb and Cd) is connected mostly with 1.A.2. Manufacturing

industries and construction category. Metallurgy is significant source of emission only for lead and cadmium from among all considered

substances. The shares of particular sectors in the national emissions of given pollutants are important, in view of the possible reduction

measures and the determination in which industries they could bring about tangible results.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

I. Kargulewicz
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The presents paper determination of 16 PAHs in collected samples of soil or plants and investigation of sorption process dynamics. The investigation included plants growing on shoulder of road and on cultivated field. As accumulations of quality of environment cabbage, parsley, carrot, cucumber, dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), plantain (Plantago major) and colfsfoot (Tussilago farfara) were used. The samples were collected at a defined distance to the main road E8 (Moscow - Berlin), near Siedlce. A total PAHs concentration in soil and cabbage samples collected in the distance 5 m to the road was 1.5 I μg/kg (total carcinogenic PAHs = 556.03 ng/kg) and 358.90 ng/kg (total carcinogenic = I 01.17 ng/kg) respectively. On the other hand, total PAHs in samples collected in 15 m distance to the road was 136.46 ng/kg for soil (total carcinogenic = 27.30 ng/kg) and 87.20 ng/kg for cabbage (total carcinogenic= 12.17 ng/kg).
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Mariusz Kluska
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

People rarely consider where their tap water comes from, or how much of it is actually available. At the same time, it is people who are most often responsible for water pollution. Problems involving the contamination of water-supply areas in Poland are scrutinized by an “intervention team” of experts at the Polish Hydrogeological Survey.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzta Woźnicka
Rafał Janica
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Sometimes just a single spark of curiosity can be the beginning of a successful scientific career, says Prof. Lidia Morawska, Professor at the Queensland University of Technology and Director of the International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health (ILAQH).
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Lidia Morawska
1 2

  1. Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Queensland, Australia
  2. International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health– ILAQH
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Too much liberty to produce and consume will lead the human race to ruin; the clothing industry is unfortunately increasingly contributing to this – says Magdalena Płonka from the University of Economics and Human Sciences (AEH) in Warsaw.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Płonka
1

  1. University of Economics and Human Sciences (AEH) in Warsaw
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

What is smog, what does it consist of, and where does it come from? How badly polluted is the air in Poland in relation to other countries in Europe?

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Wojciech Kamiński
Joanna Strużewska
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The aim of the study is to present the FAPPS (Forecasting of Air Pollution Propagation System) based on the CALPUFF puff dispersion model, used for short-term air quality forecasting in Krakow and Lesser Poland. The article presents two methods of operational air quality forecasting in Krakow. The quality of forecasts was assessed on the basis of PM10 concentrations measured at eight air quality monitoring stations in 2019 in Krakow. Apart from the standard quantitative forecast, a qualitative forecast was presented, specifying the percentage shares of the city area with PM10 concentrations in six concentration classes. For both methods, it was shown how the adjustment of the emissions in the FAPPS system to changes in emissions related to the systemic elimination of coal furnaces in Krakow influenced the quality of forecasts. For standard forecasts, after the emission change on June 7, 2019, the average RMSE value decreased from 23.9 μg/m3 to 14.9 μg/m3, the average FB value changed from -0.200 to -0.063, and the share of correct forecasts increased from 0.74 to 0.91. For qualitative forecasts, for the entire year 2019 and separately for the periods from January to March and October to December, Hit Rate values of 5.43, 2.18 and 3.48 were obtained, the False Alarm Ratios were 0.28, 0.24 and 0,26, and the Probability of Detection values were 0.66, 0.75, and 0.74. The presented results show that the FAPPS system is a useful tool for modelling air pollution in urbanized and industrialized areas with complex terrain
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Chlebowska-Styś, A., Kobus, D., Zathey, M. & Sówka, I. (2019). The impact of road transport
  2. on air quality in selected Polish cities, Ecol. Chem Eng. A. 26(1–2), pp.19–36
  3. CIBSE TM41 (2006). Degree-days: theory and application, The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers 222 Balham High Road, London SW12 9BS
  4. Dresser, A.L. & Huizer, R.D. (2011). CALPUFF and AERMOD model validation study in the near field: Martins Creek revisited, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 61, pp. 647–659. DOI:10.3155/1047-3289.61.6.647.
  5. EEA Report 9/2020 (2020). Air quality in Europe — 2020 report (https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2020-report/(25.02.2022)).
  6. EMEP/CEIP (2018). Present state of emission data; https://www.ceip.at/status-of-reporting-and-review-results/2019-submissions
  7. ETC/ACM (2013). Technical Paper 2013/11 (R. Rouil, B. Bessagnet, eds). How to start with PM modelling for air quality assessment and planning relevant to AQD
  8. Gawuc, L., Szymankiewicz, K., Kawicka, D., Mielczarek, E., Marek, K., Soliwoda, M. & Maciejewska, J. (2021). Bottom–Up Inventory of Residential Combustion Emissions in Poland for National Air Quality Modelling: Current Status and Perspectives, Atmosphere 12, no. 11: 1460. DOI:10.3390/atmos12111460
  9. Ghannam, K. & El-Fadel, M. (2013). Emissions characterization and regulatory compliance at an industrial complex: an integrated MM5/CALPUFF approach. Atmos. Environ. 69, pp.156–169. DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.022.
  10. GMES Mapping Guide for a European Urban Atlas v.1.01, (2010). (http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data )
  11. Godlowska, J., Tomaszewska, A.M., Kaszowski, W. .& Hajto, M. J. (2012) Comparison between modelled (ALADIN/MM5/CALMET) and measured (SODAR) planetary boundary layer height. in: Proc. ICUC8 – 8th International Conference on Urban Climates, 6-10.08.2012, Dublin, Ireland, 255 (http://smog.imgw.pl/pdf/255.pdf )
  12. Godłowska, J. (2019). The impact of meteorological conditions on air quality in Krakow. Comparative research and an attempt at a model approach. Seria: Monografie Instytutu Meteorologii I Gospodarki Wodnej Państwowego Instytutu Badawczego, p. 104, ISBN: 978-83-64979-29-3 9 (In Polish) (https://www.imgw.pl/sites/default/files/2019-12/wplyw-warunkow-meteorologicznych-na-jakosc-powietrza-w-krakowie.pdf )
  13. Godłowska, J. & Kaszowski, W. (2019): Testing various morphometric methods to determine vertical profile of wind speed in Krakow, Poland, Bound.-Layer Meteorol., 172, pp.107-132 DOI:10.1007/s10546-019-00440-9
  14. Grimmond, C. S. B. & Oke, T. R. (1999). Aerodynamic Properties of Urban Areas Derived from Analysis of Surface Form, J. Appl. Meteorol.38, 1262- 1292. DOI:10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<1262:APOUAD>2.0.CO;2
  15. Holnicki, P., Kałuszko, A., Nahorski, Z., Stankiewicz, K. & Trapp, W. (2017). Air quality modeling for Warsaw agglomeration, Arch. Environ. Prot. 43, pp. 48–64. DOI:10.1515/aep-2017-0005 .
  16. Jiřík, V., Hermanová, B., Dalecká, A., Pavlíková, I., Bitta, J., Jančík, P., Ośródka, L., Krajny, E., Sładeczek, F., Siemiątkowski, G., Kiprian, K. & Głodek Bucyk, E. (2020). Wpływ zanieczyszczenia powietrza na zdrowie ludności w obszarze polsko-czeskiego pogranicza. Opole 2020, ISBN 978-83-7342-714-3 (In Polish and Czech)
  17. Juda-Rezler, K. (2010) New challenges in air quality and climate modeling. Arch. Environ. Prot. 36, pp.3–28.
  18. Juginović, A., Vuković, M., Aranza, I. et al. (2021). Health impacts of air pollution exposure from 1990 to 2019 in 43 European countries. Sci Rep 11, 22516. DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-01802-5.
  19. Kanda, M, Inagaki, A, Miyamoto, T, Gryschka, M. & Raasch, S. (2013). A new aerodynamic parametrization for real urban surfaces. Bound.-Layer Meteorol.148, pp.357–377.DOI:10.1007/s10546-013-9818-x
  20. Oleniacz, R. & Rzeszutek, M. (2018). Intercomparison of the CALMET/CALPUFFmodeling system for selected horizontal grid resolutions at a local scale: a case study of the MSWI Plant in Krakow, Poland. Appl. Sci. 8, 1–19. DOI:10.3390/app8112301.
  21. PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Modeling System (https://a.atmoswashington.edu/~ovens/newwebpage/mm5-home.html (26.02.2022))
  22. Rood, A.S. (2014). Performance evaluation of AERMOD, CALPUFF, and legacy air dispersion models using the Winter Validation Tracer Study dataset. Atmos. Environ. 89, pp.707–720. DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.02.054.
  23. Rzeszutek M. (2019). Parameterization and evaluation of the CALMET/CALPUFF model system in near-field and complex terrain– Terrain data, grid resolution and terrain adjustment method, Sci. Total Environ 689, pp.31–46, DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.379
  24. Samek, L., Styszko, K., Stegowski, Z., Zimnoch, M., Skiba, A., Turek-Fijak, A., Gorczyca, Z., Furman,P., Kasper-Giebl, A., Rozanski, K. (2021) Comparison of PM10 Sources at Traffic and Urban Background Sites Based on Elemental, Chemical and Isotopic Composition: Case Study from Krakow, Southern Poland. Atmosphere, 12, 1364. DOI:10.3390/atmos12101364
  25. Scire, J. S., Robe, F. R., Fernau, M. E. & Yamartino R. J. (2000a). A user’s guide for the CALMET Meteorological Model (Version 5.0). Earth Tech, Inc., Concord, MA
  26. Scire, J. S., Strimaitis, D. G. & Yamartino R.J. (2000b). A user’s guide for the CALPUFF Dispersion Model (Version 5.0). Earth Tech, Inc., Concord, MA
  27. Schlünzen, K.H. & Sokhi, R.S. (2008). Overview of Tools And Methods For Meteorological And Air Pollution Mesoscale Model Evaluation And User Training. Joint Report by WMO and COST Action 728, GURME. pp. 116.
  28. Termonia, P., Fischer, C., Bazile, E., Bouyssel, F., Brožková, R., Bénard, P., Bochenek, B., Degrauwe, D., Derková, M., El Khatib, R., Hamdi, R., Mašek, J., Pottier, P., Pristov, N., Seity, Y., Smolíková, P., Španiel, O., Tudor, M., Wang, Y., Wittmann, C.& Joly, A. (2018). The ALADIN System and its canonical model configurations AROME CY41T1 and ALARO CY40T1 . Geosci. Model Dev., 11, pp.257–281. DOI:10.5194/gmd-11-257-2018
  29. Thunis, P., Miranda, A., Baldasano, J.M., Blond, N., Douros, J., Graff, A., Janssen, S., Juda-Rezler, K., Karvosenoja, N., Maffeis, G., Martilli, A., Rasoloharimahefa, M., Real, E., Viaene, P., Volta, M. & White, L. (2016). Overview of current regional and local scale air quality modelling practices: assessment and planning tools in the EU. Environ. Sci. Policy. 65, pp.13–21. DOI:10.1016/j.envsci.2016.03.013.
  30. WHO global air quality guidelines. Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021
  31. Yessad K. (2019). Basics about ARPEGE/IFS, ALADIN and AROME in the cycle 46t1r1 of ARPEGE/IFS (http://www.umr-cnrm.fr/gmapdoc/IMG/pdf/ykarpbasics46t1r1.pdf /28.02.2022
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Jolanta Godłowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kamil Kaszowski
1
Wiesław Kaszowski
1

  1. Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The main source of spatial information on concentration and deposition of air pollutants in Poland is the continental scale EMEP model with 50 km x 50 km grid. The coarse resolution of the EMEP model may be insufficient for regional scale studies. A new proposal is the application of the national scale atmospheric transport model FRAME (Fine Resolution Atmospheric Multi-pollutant Exchange), originally developed for the United Kingdom. The model works with 5 km x 5 km spatial resolution and the air column is divided into 33 layers. FRAME was used here to assess the spatial patterns of yearly averaged air concentrations, and wet and dry deposition of sulphur and nitrogen compounds for the area of Poland. This study presents preliminary results of the modeling of the yearly average concentrations as well as dry and wet depositions of SO,, NO, and NH, for Poland. FRAME results were compared with available measurements from the monitoring sites and national deposition budget with the EMEP and IMGW estimates. The results show close agreement with the measured concentrations expressed by determination coefficient close to O. 7 for both SO, and NO . The dry and wet deposition budgets for FRAME are also in close agreement with the EMEP and GIOŚ estimates. The FRAME model, despite its relatively simple meteorological parameterizations, is well suited to calculate the spatial pattern of annual average concentration and yearly deposition of atmospheric pollutants which was earlier presented for the UK and was shown in this paper for Poland. The model can also be used to analyze the impact of individual point sources or different emission sectors on spatial pattern of air concentration and deposition as well as testing the changes in deposition resulting from future emissions reduction scenarios.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Kryza
Marek Błaś
Anthony J. Dore
Mieczysław Sobik
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Contamination of the natural environment with petroleum pollution is still a frequent and particularly dangerous phenomenon, thus there is a need to remove these pollutants. Various types of mineral sorbents (silicate minerals, zeolites, perlite, diatomite, clay rocks) are highly valued in remediation processes due to their affordable, big selectivity and high efficiency. However, many sorbents are not resistant to moisture, which limits their use. The hydrophobization process improves the effectiveness of sorbents used in a humid environment. The DAMSORB produced by IM-POL was hydrophobized with a methanolic stearic acid solution. The use of cheap stearic acid as a modifier is economically advantageous. The evaluation of the hydrophobic properties of the modified material was performed on the basis of the results obtained from the tests: water absorption, floating on the water surface and the contact angles were determined. Tests of the sorption of petroleum-derived compounds were performed on the basis of three procedures: in accordance with the technical sheet of the leading producer of hydrophobic sorption materials in Poland, the Westighouse’s method in the oil layer and the Westighouse’s method on a flat surface. The modified sorbent floats on the surface of the water very well. The average value of the contact angle for the modified sample is 104 degrees. Material is super hydrophobic. In the water environment, the hydrophobized samples have a higher absorption capacity in relation to oil contaminations compared to the raw material. Features of the modified sorbent, such as good buoyancy on the water surface, low affinity to water and better absorption of oil from the solution, make it possible to use the material to remove petroleum contamination from water and highly moist surfaces.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Elżbieta Vogt
1
ORCID: ORCID
Karolina Topolska
1

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The research system of soils for evaluation of the ecological state of farm-land soils in Poland is presented in this paper. Granulometrie composition, pH, organic matter content and the content of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in soils were determined. On the basis of existing criteria (tab. 1) the state of soil pollution with heavy metals for separate provinces and whole country was estimated. The average heavy metal contents (mg/kg) in surface layer of soils in Poland are as follows: Cd-0.21, Cu-6.5, Ni-6.2, Pb-13.6, and Zn-32.4. The farm-land soils of Poland generally contain natural and slightly elevated level of the investigated heavy metals. This allows to produce high quality of agricultural materials appropriate for consumption and feeding of animals.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Henryk Terelak
Arkadiusz Tujaka
Teresa Motowicka-Terelak

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more