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Abstract

The reason for undertaking this study was to determine the possible involvement of natural convection in the global heat transfer, that occurs in the heated steel rods bed. This problem is related to the setting of the effective thermal conductivity of the bars bed. This value is one of the boundary conditions for heating modeling of steel rods bundles during heat treatment. The aim of this study was to determine for which geometry of the bed bars, there will be no free convection. To analyze the problem the Rayleigh criterion was used. It was assumed that for the value of the number Ra < 1700 convection in the bed bars does not occur. For analysis, the results of measurements of the temperature distribution in the unidirectionally heated beds of bars were used. It has been shown, that for obtained, during the test, differences of temperature between the surfaces of adjacent rods, convection can occur only when the diameter of the rod exceeds 18 mm.

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Authors and Affiliations

Rafał Wyczółkowski
Dorota Musiał
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Abstract

Porous materials are used in many vibro-acoustic applications. Different models describe their perfor- mance according to material’s intrinsic characteristics. In this paper, an evaluation of the effect of the porous and geometrical parameters of a liner on the acoustic power attenuation of an axisymmetric lined duct was performed using multimodal scattering matrix. The studied liner is composed by a porous ma- terial covered by a perforated plate. Empirical and phenomenal models are used to calculate the acoustic impedance of the studied liner. The later is used as an input to evaluate the duct attenuation. By varying the values of each parameter, its influence is observed, discussed and deduced
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Authors and Affiliations

Chokri Othmani
Taissir Hentati
Mohamed Taktak
Tamer Elnady
Mohamed Haddar
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Abstract

Characterization of sound absorbing materials is essential to predict its acoustic behaviour. The most commonly used models to do so consider the flow resistivity, porosity, and average fibre diameter as parameters to determine the acoustic impedance and sound absorbing coefficient. Besides direct experimental techniques, numerical approaches appear to be an alternative to estimate the material's parameters. In this work an inverse numerical method to obtain some parameters of a fibrous material is presented. Using measurements of the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient and then using the model proposed by Voronina, subsequent application of basic minimization techniques allows one to obtain the porosity, average fibre diameter and density of a sound absorbing material. The numerical results agree fairly well with the experimental data.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jesus Alba
Romina del Rey
Jaime Ramis
Jorge Arenas
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Abstract

Lined ducts with porous materials are found in many industrial applications. To understand and simulate the acoustic behaviour of these kinds of materials, their intrinsic physical parameters must be identified. Recent studies have shown the reliability of the inverse approach for the determination of these parameters. Therefore, in the present paper, two inverse techniques are proposed: the first is the multilevel identification method based on the simplex optimisation algorithm and the second one is based on the genetic algorithm. These methods are used of the physical parameters of a simulated case of a porous material located in a duct by the computation of its acoustic transfer, scattering, and power attenuation. The results obtained by these methods are compared and discussed to choose the more efficient one.
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Bibliography

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8. Ben Souf M.A., Kessentini A., Bareille O., Taktak M., Ichchou M.N., Haddar M. (2017), Acoustical scattering identification with local impedance through a spectral approach, Compte Rendus Mécanique, 345(5): 301–316, doi: 10.1016/j.crme.2017.03.006.
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17. Hentati T., Bouazizi L., Taktak M., Trabelsi H., Haddar M. (2016), Multi-levels inverse identification of physical parameters of porous materials, Applied Acoustics, 108: 26–30, doi: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2015.09.013.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kani Marwa
1 2
Amine Makni
1
Mohamed Taktak
1 2
Mabrouk Chaabane
2
Mohamed Haddar
1

  1. Laboratory of Mechanics, Modeling and Productivity (LA2MP), National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
  2. Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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Abstract

The role of capillary pumping on the course of cleaning porous materials containing liquid contaminants using supercritical fluids was investigated numerically. As a specific process to be modelled, cleaning of porous membranes, contaminated with soybean oil, using supercritical carbon dioxide as the cleaning fluid (solvent) was considered. A 3D pore-network model, developed as an extension of a 2D drying model, was used for performing pore scale simulations. The influence of various process parameters, including the coordination number of the pore network, the computational domain size, and the external flow mass transfer resistance, on the strength of the capillary pumping effect was investigated. The capillary pumping effect increases with increasing domain size and decreasing external flow mass transfer resistance. For low coordination numbers of the pore network, the capillary pumping effect is not noticeable at macro scale, while for high coordination numbers, the opposite trend is observed – capillary pumping may influence the process at macro scale. In the investigated system, the coordination number of the pore network seems to be low, as no capillary pumping effects were observed at macro scale during experimental investigation and macro-scale modelling of the membrane cleaning process.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Krzysztoforski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Karim Khayrat
2
Marek Henczka
3
Patrick Jenny
2

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
  2. ETH Zurich, Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
  3. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, ul. Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Thermally induced free vibration of sandwich beams with porous functionally graded material core embedded between two isotropic face sheets is investigated in this paper. The core, in which the porosity phase is evenly or unevenly distributed, has mechanical properties varying continuously along with the thickness according to the power-law distribution. Effects of shear deformation on the vibration behavior are taken into account based on both third-order and quasi-3D beam theories. Three typical temperature distributions, which are uniform, linear, and nonlinear temperature rises, are supposed. A mesh-free approach based on point interpolation technique and polynomial basis is utilized to solve the governing equations of motion. Examples for specific cases are given, and their results are compared with predictions available in the literature to validate the approach. Comprehensive studies are carried out to examine the effects of the beam theories, porosity distributions, porosity volume fraction, temperature rises, temperature change, span-to-height ratio, different boundary conditions, layer thickness ratio, volume fraction index on the vibration characteristics of the beam.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Tran Quang Hung
1
Tran Minh Tu
2
ORCID: ORCID
Do Minh Duc
1

  1. Faculty of Civil Engineering, The University of Da Nang - University of Science and Technology, Da Nang, Vietnam
  2. Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Abstract

When studying porous materials, most acoustical and geometrical parameters can be affected by the presence of uncertainties, which can reduce the robustness of models and techniques using these parameters. Hence, there is a need to evaluate the effect of these uncertainties in the case of modeling acoustic problems. Among these evaluation methods, the Monte Carlo simulation is considered a benchmark for studying the propagation of uncertainties in theoretical models. In the present study, this method is applied to a theoretical model predicting the acoustic behavior of a porous material located in a duct element to evaluate the impact of each input error on the computation of the acoustic proprieties such as the reflection and transmission coefficients as well as the acoustic power attenuation and the transmission loss of the studied element. Two analyses are conducted; the first one leads to the evaluation of the impacts of error propagation of each acoustic parameter (resistivity, porosity, tortuosity, and viscous and thermal length) through the model using a Monte Carlo simulation. The second analysis presents the effect of propagating the uncertainties of all parameters together. After the simulation of the uncertainties, the 95% confidence intervals and the maximum and minimum errors of each parameter are computed. The obtained results showed that the resistivity and length of the porous material have a great influence on the acoustic outputs of the studied model (transmission and reflection coefficients, transmission loss, and acoustic power attenuation). At the same time, the other physical parameters have a small impact. In addition, the acoustic power attenuation is the acoustic quantity least impacted by the input uncertainties.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hanen Hannachi
1 2
Hassen Trabelsi
1
Marwa Kani
1 2
Mohamed Taktak
3 4
Mabrouk Chaabane
2
Mohamed Haddar
2

  1. Laboratory of Mechanics, Modeling and Productivity (LA2MP), National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
  2. Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
  3. Laboratory of Mechanics, Modeling and Productivity (LA2MP), National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
  4. Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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Abstract

Duct silencers provide effective noise reduction for heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. These silencers can achieve an excellent sound attenuation through the attributes of their design. The reactive silencer works on the principle of high reflection of sound waves at low frequencies. On the other hand, the dissipative silencer works on the principle of sound absorption, which is very effective at high-frequencies. Combining these two kinds of silencers allowed covering the whole frequency range. In this paper, the effect of liner characteristics composed of a perforated plate backed by a porous material and geometry discontinuities on the acoustic power attenuation of lined ducts is evaluated. This objective is achieved by using a numerical model to compute the multimodal scattering matrix, thus allowing deducing the acoustic power attenuation. The numerical results are obtained for six configurations, including cases of narrowing and widening of a radius duct with sudden or progressive discontinuities. Numerical acoustic power attenuation shows the relative influence of the variation in the values of each parameter of the liner, and of each type of radius discontinuities of ducts.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dhouha Tounsi
1
Wafa Taktak
2
Raja Dhief
1 3
Mohamed Taktak
1 3
Mabrouk Chaabane
3
Mohamed Haddar
1

  1. Mechanics, Modelling and Production Laboratory (LA2MP), Mechanical Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
  2. National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
  3. Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Abstract

Filtering Respiratory Protective Devices (FRPD) is not typically evaluated for exposure to volatile compounds, even though they significantly affect their protective performance. Such compounds are released into the atmosphere by industrial processes and pose serious health risks in people inhaling them. The adsorbent materials currently used to prevent those risks include activated carbon (AC). Zeolites and mesoporous silica materials (MCM) are very popular among the sorption materials. Due to their physical and chemical properties, they are able to adsorb significant amounts of volatile compounds from air. The melt-blown technology was used to produce filtering nonwovens with modifiers. As a result, polymer nonwoven structures with modifiers in the form of AC, zeolite (NaP1 type), molecular sieves (SM, SM 4Å) and mesoporous silica materials (MCM-41) were produced. The use of ACs (AC1 from Zgoda and AC2 from Pleisch) and their mixtures with others modifiers allowed to obtain satisfactory sorption, protective and utility properties. The longest breakthrough time against cyclohexane (approx. 53 min) was afforded by a variant containing AC, against ammonia (approx. 12 min) for the variant with AC2 and a mixture of AC2 and MCM-41. In the case of acetone vapor satisfactory breakthrough times were found for the variants with AC2 and AC1+SM (~20–25 min.). The present work deals with scientific research to improve workers’ and society’s health and safety by pursuing a better working life, and creating a safe social environment.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Brochocka
1
Aleksandra Nowak
1
Rafał Panek
2
Paweł Kozikowski
1
Wojciech Franus
2

  1. Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
  2. Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland

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