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Abstract

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of thermal stratification together with variable viscosity on free convection flow of non- Newtonian fluids along a nonisothermal semi infinite vertical plate embedded in a saturated porous medium. The governing equations of continuity, momentum and energy are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and then solved by using the Runge-Kutta-Gill method along with shooting technique. Governing parameters for the problem under study are the variable viscosity, thermal stratification parameter, non-Newtonian parameter and the power-law index parameter.The velocity and temperature distributions are presented and discussed. The Nusselt number is also derived and discussed numerically.
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Authors and Affiliations

M.B.K. Moorthy
K. Senthilvadivu
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Abstract

Deep bed filtration is an effective method of submicron and micron particle removal from the fluid stream. There is an extensive body of literature regarding particle deposition in filters, often using the classical continuum approach. However, the approach is not convenient for studying the influence of particle deposition on filter performance (filtration efficiency, pressure drop) when non-steady state boundary conditions have to be introduced. For the purposes of this work the lattice-Boltzmann model describes fluid dynamics, while the solid particle motion is modeled by the Brownian dynamics. For aggregates the effect of their structure on displacement is taken into account. The possibility of particles rebound from the surface of collector or reentrainment of deposits to fluid stream is calculated by energy balanced oscillatory model derived from adhesion theory. The results show the evolution of filtration efficiency and pressure drop of filters with different internal structure described by the size of pores. The size of resuspended aggregates and volume distribution of deposits in filter were also analyzed. The model enables prediction of dynamic filter behavior. It can be a very useful tool for designing filter structures which optimize maximum lifetime with the acceptable values of filtration efficiency and pressure drop.

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Authors and Affiliations

Rafał Przekop
Leon Gradoń
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Abstract

Aerosol filtration in fibrous filters is one of the principal methods of accurate removal of particulate matter from a stream of gas. The classical theory of depth filtration of aerosol particles in fibrous structures is based on the assumption of existing single fibre efficiency, which may be used to recalculate the overall efficiency of entire filter. Using “classical theory” of filtration one may introduce some errors, leading finally to a discrepancy between theory and experiment. There are several reasons for inappropriate estimation of the single fibre efficiency: i) neglecting of shortrange interactions, ii) separation of inertial and Brownian effects, ii) perfect adhesion of particles to the fibre, iv) assumption of perfect mixing of aerosol particles in the gas stream, v) assumption of negligible effect of the presence of neighbouring fibres and vi) assumption of perpendicular orientation of homogenous fibres in the filtration structure. Generally speaking, “classical theory” of filtration was used for characterization of the steady - state filtration process (filtration in a clean filter, at the beginning of the process) without deeper investigation of the influence of the nternal structure of the filter on its performance. The aim of this review is to outline and discuss the progress of deep-bed filtration modelling from the use of simple empirical correlations to advanced techniques of Computational Fluid Dynamics and Digital Fluid Dynamics.

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Authors and Affiliations

Rafał Przekop
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Abstract

The results of investigations of humidity migration in near surface layers of sand mould during processes of penetration and drying of protective coatings are presented in the hereby paper. The process of the humidity exchanging between surroundings and moulding sands as porous materials, is widely described in the introduction. In addition, the humidity flow through porous materials, with dividing this process into stages in dependence of the humidity movement mechanism, is presented. Next the desorption process, it means the humidity removal from porous materials, was described. Elements of the drying process intensity as well as the water transport mechanisms at natural and artificial drying were explained. The innovative research stands for measuring resistance changes of porous media due to humidity migrations was applied in investigations. Aqueous zirconium coatings of two apparent viscosities 10s and 30s were used. Viscosity was determined by means of the Ford cup of a mesh clearance of 4mm. Coatings were deposited on cores made of the moulding sand containing sand matrix, of a mean grain size dL = 0.25 mm, and phenol-formaldehyde resin. Pairs of electrodes were placed in the core at depths: 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12 and 16 mm. Resistance measurements were performed in a continuous way. The course of the humidity migration process in the core surface layer after covering it by protective coating was determined during investigations. Investigations were performed in the room where the air temperature was: T = 22˚C but the air humidity was not controlled, as well as in the climatic chamber where the air temperature was: T = 35˚C and humidity: H = 45%. During the research, it was shown that the process of penetration (sorption) of moisture into the moulding sand is a gradual process and that the moisture penetrates at least 16 mm into the sand. In the case of the drying (desorption) process, moisture from the near-surface layers of the moulding sand dries out much faster than moisture that has penetrated deeper into the sand. Keywords: Core, Sand mould, Porous medium, Humidity migration, Protective coatings, Resistance measurement
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Bibliography

[1] Pigoń, K., Ruziewicz, Z. (2005). Physical chemistry. Phenomenological foundations. Warszawa: PWN, (in Polish) [2] Zarzycki, R. (2005). Heat transfer and mass movement in environmental engineering. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowo-Techniczne. (in Polish) [3] Płoński, W., Pogorzelski, J. (1979). Building physics. Warszawa: Arkady. (in Polish) [4] Świrska-Perkowska, J. (2012). Adsorption and movement of moisture in porous building materials under isothermal conditions. Warszawa: Komitet Inżynierii Lądowej i Wodnej PAN. (in Polish) [5] Kubik, J. (2000). Moisture flows in building materials. Opole: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Opolskiej. (in Polish) [6] Gawin, D. (2000). Modeling of coupled hygrothermal phenomena in building materials and elements. Łódź: Politechnika Łódzka. (in Polish) [7] Rose, D. (1963). Water movement in porous materials. Part 1: isothermal vapour transfer. British Journal of Applied Physics. (14), 256-262. DOI:10.1088/0508-3443/14/5/308. [8] Rose, D. (1963): Water movement in porous materials. part 2: the separation of the components of water movement. British Journal of Applied Physics. (14), 491-496. DOI: 10.1088/0508-3443/14/8/310. [9] Marynowicz, A., Wyrwał, J. (2005). Testing the moisture properties of selected building materials under isothermal conditions. Warszawa: INB ZTUREK. (in Polish) [10] Kiessl, K. (1983) Kapillarer und dampffoermiger Fauchtetransport in mahrschichtigen Bauteilen. Essen: Dissertation. University Essen. [11] Politechnika Gdańska. The process of drying food substances - laboratory exercises. Retrieved January, 2022, from https://mech.pg.edu.pl/documents/4555684/4565480/suszenie.pdf (in Polish). [12] Baranowski, J., Melech, S., Adamski, P. (2002). Temperature and humidity control systems in the processes of drying food products. Zielona Góra: VI Sympozjum Pomiary i Sterowanie w Procesach Przemysłowych. (in Polish) [13] Ważny, J., Karyś, J. (2001). Protection of buildings against biological corrosion. Warszawa: Arkady. (in Polish) [14] Brooker, D., Bakker-Arkema, F., Hall, C. (1992). Drying and Storage of Grains and Oilseeds. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. [15] Reeds, J. (1991). Drying. ASM International Handbook Committee. 131-134. [16] Pel, L., Sawdy, A. & Voronina, V. (2010). Physical principles and efficiency of salt extraction by poulticing. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 11(1), 59-67. DOI:10.1016/j.culher. 2009.03.007. [17] Hii, C., Law, C. & Cloke, M. (2008). Modelling of thin layer drying kinetics of cocoa beans during artificial and natural drying. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. 3(1), 1-10. [18] Zych, J. & Kolczyk, J. (2013). Kinetics of hardening and drying of ceramic moulds with the new generation binder – colloidal silica. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 13(4), 112-116. DOI: 10.2478/afe-2013-0093. [19] Kolczyk J. & Zych J. (2014). The kinetics of hardening and drying of ceramic molds with a new generation binder - colloidal silica. Przegląd Odlewnictwa. 64(3-4), 84-92. (in Polish) [20] Zych, J., Kolczyk, J. & Jamrozowicz, Ł. (2015). The influence of the shape of wax pattern on the kinetics of drying of ceramic moulds. Metalurgija. 54(1), 15-18. ISSN 0543-5846. [21] Jamrozowicz, Ł., Zych, J. & Kolczyk, J. (2015). The drying kinetics of protective coatings used on sand molds. Metalurgija. 54(1), 23-26. ISSN 0543-5846. [22] Jamrozowicz, Ł. & Siatko, A. (2020). The assessment of the permeability of selected protective coatings used for sand moulds and cores. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 20(1), 17-22. DOI: 10.24425/afe.2020.131276. [23] Jamrozowicz, Ł., Kolczyk-Tylka, J. & Siatko, A. (2018) Investigations of the thickness of protective coatings deposited on moulds and cores. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 18(4), 131-136. DOI: 10.24425/afe.2018. 125182. [24] Zych, J. & Snopkiewicz, T. (2010). Drying and hardening of ceramic moulds used in a modern investemnt casting technique – investigations of the process kinetics. Foundry Journal of the Polish Foundrymen's Association. 9-10, 506-512. [25] Zych, J., Snopkiewicz, T. (2018). Method for study the drying process self-hardening molding sand or core compound. Patent PL 228373 B1.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ł. Jamrozowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
J. Zych
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Department of Moulding Materials, Mould Technology and Cast Non-Ferrous Metals, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

Mathematical analysis for 3D Williamson nanofluid flow past a bi-directional stretched surface in Darcy-Forchheimer permeable media constitutes the focus of this study. The novelty of the proposed model is augmented by the addition of thermal and solutal stratification with chemical species and variable thermal conductivity. Calculations of the suggested model are conducted via the renowned homotopy analysis method (HAM). The results obtained are validated by comparing them in a limiting form with an already published article. Excellent harmony is achieved in this regard. Graphical structures, depicting impacts of assorted arising parameters versus the profiles involved are also provided. It is noticed that the velocity profile is a dwindling function of the Williamson parameter and Hartmann number. It is also stated that the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux exhibits conventional Fourier and Fick’s laws behavior when both coefficients of thermal and concentration relaxations are zero.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Ramzan
H. Gul
M. Zahri
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Abstract

This paper concerns the analytical investigation of the axisymmetric and steady flow of incompressible couple stress fluid through a rigid sphere embedded in a porous medium. In the porous region, the flow field is governed by Brinkman's equation. Here we consider uniform flow at a distance from the sphere. The boundary conditions applied on the surface of the sphere are the slip condition and zero couple stress. Analytical solution of the problem in the terms of stream function is presented by modified Bessel functions. The drag experienced by an incompressible couple stress fluid on the sphere within the porous medium is calculated. The effects of the slip parameter, the couple stress parameter, and permeability on the drag are represented graphically. Special cases of viscous flow through a sphere are obtained and the results are compared with earlier published results.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Krishna Prasad Madasu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Priya Sarkar
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Raipur-492010, Chhattisgarh, India
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Abstract

This article concerns fully developed laminar flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in a long composite cylindrical channel. Channel consist of three regions. Outer and inner regions are of uniform permeability and mid region is a clear region. Brinkman equation is used as a governing equation of motion in the porous region and Stokes equation is used for the clear fluid region. Analytical expressions for velocity profiles, rate of volume flow and shear stress on the boundaries surface are obtained and exhibited graphically. Effect of permeability variation parameter on the flow characteristics has been discussed.

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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Sanjeeva Kumar Singh
1
Vineet Kumar Verma
1

  1. Department of Mathematics and Astronomy, University of Lucknow, India.

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