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Effect of Cooling Rate and Pouring Temperature on the Hardness and Wear Resistance of Bronze SAE660

S.E. Vahdat S. Karimifer
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2018 | vol.18 | No 3 | 144–151
Keywords microstructure bearing pouring casting
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Abstract

Metallic bearing alloys have different types, most of which are tin (Babbitt) or bronze based. Bronze bearings are used at heavy duty conditions. The goal of this research is an investigation on the effect of cooling rate and pouring temperature (two important factors in casting production) on the Brinell hardness and pin-on-disc wear resistance (two important properties in bearing applications) of bronze SAE660. The melt had prepared by induction furnace. Then, it had poured in sand mold in four different casting conditions, including pouring temperatures of 950 oC and 1200 oC, and cooling with water and air. Finally, the microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of the SAE660 had investigated. The results indicated that if the maximum hardness, along with the minimum weight loss due to wear (or maximum wear resistance) is required; the contents of intermetallic compounds, lead phase and the solid solution phase should be more. In this way, the samples which are cooled in air and poured at 950 oC have the high hardness and the lowest weight loss.
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Authors and Affiliations

S.E. Vahdat
S. Karimifer

A New Technology of TRIAD Cement-Free Castables – Practical Aspects

B. Cygan J. Dorula J. Jezierski
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2021 | vo. 21 | No 2 | 94-98 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2021.136104
Keywords Cement-free concrete Refractory lining Pouring ladle Pouring device Cast iron
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Abstract

The article presents the new technology of the refractory materials used for the ladles and pouring devices. The aim for solving the majority of the problems that originated from the refractory lining was to develop the group of cement-free TRIAD products by Vesuvius company. The cement-free setting system in the TRIAD products eliminates calcium oxide (CaO) that occurs in low and extra low cement concretes resulting in its higher strength at higher temperatures. The features of the new cement-free castables were described. One of the most unique features of this technology is the porous material structure. Small venting microchannels are formed during the concrete setting process. These micro-channels allow for removing water vapor from the lining without affecting its refractory properties. On the other hand, the diameter of pores is so low that it disallows the penetration of slag and metal into the lining, extends its operating life at the same time facilitates cleaning and removing build-ups. The procedure of the preparation of these materials, as well as the method of building of the lining, were presented. An example of the practical use of these materials in the ductile cast iron foundry was presented, showing the advantages of the new refractory materials over the traditional ones.
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Bibliography

[1] Drevin, J. (2014). Triad – a new range of user-friendly, high-strength refractory concretes. Przegląd Odlewnictwa. 9-10, 390-393. (in Polish).
[2] Rybak, M. (2011). Influence of alumina cement hydration conditions on concrete properties. Piece Przemysłowe & Kotły. 1, 21-25. (in Polish).
[3] Drevin J. (2011). Triad – Triad high-performance castable linings. Foundry Practice. 253(6) 16-20.
[4] Cygan B., Dorula J., Jezierski J. (2018). TRIAD - modern technology of non-cement concrete in cast iron foundry. In Congress Proceedings of the 73rd World Foundry Congress "Creative Foundry", 23rd–27th September 2018 (pp. 561-562). Krakow, Poland: Polish Foundrymen's Association.

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Authors and Affiliations

B. Cygan
1 2
J. Dorula
3
J. Jezierski
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Silesian University of Technology, Department of Foundry Engineering, 7 Towarowa, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  2. Teksid Iron Poland Sp. z o.o., 49 Ciężarowa, 43-430 Skoczów, Poland
  3. Vesuvius Poland Sp. z o.o. , Foundry Division - Biuro Handlowe, Portowa Business Center, 8 Portowa, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

Effect of Cobalt Aluminate Content and Pouring Temperature on Macrostructure, Tensile Strength and Creep Rupture of Inconel 713C Castings

Ł. Rakoczy M. Grudzień R. Cygan A. Zielińska-Lipiec
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2018 | vol. 63 | No 3 | 1537-1545 | DOI: 10.24425/123845
Keywords pouring investment casting lost wax superalloy creep
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Abstract

The effect of cobalt aluminate inoculant addition and melt-pouring temperature on the structure and mechanical properties of Ni-based superalloy was studied. The first major move to control the quality of investment cast blades and vanes was the control of grain size. Cobalt aluminate (CoAl2O4) is the most frequently utilized inoculant in the lost-wax casting process of Ni-based superalloys. The inoculant in the prime coat of moulds and pouring temperature play a significant role in grain size control. The finest surface grains were obtained when the internal surface of shell mould was coated with cobalt aluminate and subsequently pouring was at 1480°C. The influence of selected casting parameters and inoculant addition on mechanical properties was investigated on the basis of tensile, creep and hardness testing. The effect of grain refinement on mechanical properties were consistent with established theories. Tests conducted at ambient temperature indicated a beneficial effect of grain refinement both on tensile strength and hardness. In contrast at elevated temperature during creep, the reverse trend was observed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ł. Rakoczy
M. Grudzień
R. Cygan
A. Zielińska-Lipiec

Hot Tearing, Parameters, and Mould Types for Observation – Review

Akhyar
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2022 | vol. 22 | No 2 | 25-49 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2022.140223
Keywords Hot tearing susceptibility Pouring temperature mould temperature Grain refiner
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Abstract

Hot tearing is a casting defect responsible for external and internal cracks on casting products. This irregular undesired formation is often observed during solidification and freezing. The solidification of molten metal also causes thermal contraction and shrinkage, indicating the occurrence of hot tearing when the alloy is restrained by the mould design. The parameters affecting this process include the pouring and mould temperatures, the chemical composition of the alloy, and the mould shape. Also, the factors affecting hot tearing susceptibility include pouring and mould temperatures, the grain refiner, as well as pouring speed. There are many methods of measuring the level of susceptibility to hot tearing, one of which is the thermal contraction evaluation during metal solidification, observed in cast products through several mould types. This paper discusses the hot tearing overview, the effect of pouring temperature, mould temperature, grain refiner, pouring speed on hot tearing, the type of mould, and criterion for hot tear observation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Akhyar
1
  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Univeritas Syiah Kuala, Jl. Syech Aburrauf No.7, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia

Influence of Tin Bronze Melting and Pouring Parameters on Its Properties and Bells’ Tone

D. Bartocha C. Baron
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2016 | No 4 | DOI: 10.1515/afe-2016-0076
Keywords Tin Bronzes Parameters of melting and pouring Bell’s Tone
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Abstract

The most important feature of bells is their sound. Its clarity and beauty depend, first of all, on the bell’s geometry - particularly the shape

of its profile, but also on the quality of alloy used to its cast. Hence, if the melting and pouring parameters could influence the alloy’s

properties, what influence they would have on the frequencies of bell’s tone. In the article authors present their own approaches to find

answers on that and more questions.

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Authors and Affiliations

D. Bartocha
C. Baron

Evaluation of Casting Shrinkage and Liquid Metal Fluidity of IN-713C Alloy

M. Cieśla R. Findziński P. Gradoń F. Binczyk
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2014 | No 1 | DOI: 10.2478/afe-2014-0002
Keywords Linear shrinkage Fluidity Castability Spiral test Round rod test Pouring temperature IN-713C superalloy Silumin
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Abstract

This paper presents the results of measurements of liquid metal fluidity and linear shrinkage of nickel alloy IN-713C in vacuum induction

melting furnace Balzers VSG-2. Because of limited volume of the furnace chamber special models for technological trials were designed

and constructed to fit in the mould of dimensions 170x95x100mm. Two different designs of test models were proposed: horizontal round

rods and modified spiral. Preliminary studies were carried out for alloys Al-Si. Horizontal round rods test was useful for evaluation of

fluidity of hypoeutectic silumin, however in case of nickel superalloy the mould cavity was completely filled in each test because of high

required pouring temperature. Positive results were obtained from the modified spiral test for all alloys used in the research. Relationship

between the linear shrinkage for the test rod and a specific indicator of contraction defined on a spiral was observed.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Cieśla
R. Findziński
P. Gradoń
F. Binczyk

Estimation of Mold Filling Ability and Volume Deficit Characteristics of Cast Al-Si Alloys

S. Santhi S. Vadayar S. Srinivasan
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2019 | vol. 19 | No 3 | 55-65 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2019.127140
Keywords Cast Al-Si alloys Mold filling ability Volume deficit Pouring temperature Mold coat Correlation coefficient
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Abstract

Production of defect free castings requires good understanding of casting characteristics like mold filling ability and volume deficit characteristic. Pin test piece with cylindrical cores proposed by Engler and Ellerbrok was used to study the mold filling ability. Volume deficit characteristics experiments were conducted using the method designed by Engler. Alloy composition, Mold coat and Pouring temperature were considered as process parameters for the present study and experimental plan has been taken up through design of experiments. The alloy composition is most significant in influencing the mold filling ability, where as pouring temperature is for volume deficit. The Correlation Co-efficient value obtained is -0.98901 indicating strong a negative relation between mold filling ability and volume deficit characteristics. Negative values indicate a relationship between mold filling ability and volume deficit such that as values for mold filling ability increase, for volume deficit decrease.

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Authors and Affiliations

S. Santhi
S. Vadayar
S. Srinivasan

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