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Abstract

The work is intended to extend the application of a smart transformer on a radial distribution system. In this paper, an updated algorithm on the backward/forward power flow is introduced. The so-called direct approach of power flow is employed and analyzed. In addition, the paper focused on integrating a smart transformer to the network and solving the updating network also using the direct approach load flow. The solution of the smart transformer using the direct approach power flow method is quite straightforward. This model is applied to radial distribution systems which are the IEEE 33- and IEEE 69-bus systems as a case study. Also, the paper optimizes the best allocation of the smart transformer to reduce the power losses of the grid.
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Bibliography

[1] Coster E., Myrzik J.M., Kruimer J., Kling W., Integration Issues of Distributed Generation in Distribution Grids, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 99, no. 1 (2011).
[2] Sood K., HVDC and FACTS Controllers: Applications of Static Converters in Power Systems, Springer (2004).
[3] Anan V., Sanjeev Kumar Mallik S.K., Power flow analysis and control of distributed FACTS devices in power system, Archives of Electrical Engineering, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 545–561 (2018).
[4] Wang J., Huang A., Sung W., Liu Y., Baliga B., Smart grid technologies, IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 16–23 (2009).
[5] Liserre M., Buticchi G., Andresen M., De Carne G., Costa L., Zou Z., The Smart Transformer: Impact on the Electric Grid and Technology Challenges, IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 46–58 (2016).
[6] Freedman D., Smart transformers-controlling the flow of electricity to stabilize the grid, MIT Technology Review, 10 Emerging Technologies Breakthroughs, pp. 44–45 (2011).
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[8] Belivanis M., Bell K., Coordination of phase-shifting transformers to improve transmission network utilisation, in 2010 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe), IEEE, pp. 1–6 (2010).
[9] Teng J.-H., A direct approach for distribution system load flow solutions, IEEE Trans Power Delivery, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 882–887 (2003).
[10] Shirmohammadi D., Hong H.W., Semlyen A., Luo G.X. , A compensation-based power flow method for weakly meshed distribution and transmission networks, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 753–62 (1988).
[11] Cano J.M., Rejwanur M., Mojumdar R., Norniella J.G., Orcajo G.A., Phase shifting transformer model for direct approach power flow studies, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 91, pp. 71–79 (2017).
[12] Mahmoud I.M., Swief R., Abdelsalam T., Tuned Hyper Reconfiguration Analysis applying Plant Growth Algorithm, 2019 21st International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON), Tanta University, Cairo, Egypt, pp. 884–889 (2019).
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[14] Samman M.A., Mokhlis H., Mansor N., Mohamad H., Suyono H., Sapari N.M., Fast Optimal Network Reconfiguration with Guided Initialization Based on a Simplified Network Approach, IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 11948–11963 (2020).
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Authors and Affiliations

Ibrahem Mohamed A. Mahmoud
1 2
Tarek Saad Abdelsalam
2
Rania Swief
2

  1. Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
  2. Electrical Power and Machine Engineering Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Abstract

Feeder reconfiguration (FR), capacitor placement and sizing (CPS) are the two renowned methods widely applied by the researchers for loss minimization with node voltage enrichment in the electrical distribution network (EDN), which has an immense impact on economic savings. In recent years, optimization of FR and CPS together can proficiently yield better power loss minimization and save costs compared to the individual optimization of FR and CPS. This work proposes an application of an improved salp swarm optimization technique based on weight factor (ISSOT-WF) to solve the cost-based objective function using CPS with and without FR for five different cases and three load levels, subject to satisfying operating constraints. In addition, to ascertain the impact of real power injection on additional power loss reduction, this work considers the integration of dispersed generation units at three optimal locations in capacitive compensated optimal EDN. The effectiveness of ISSOT-WF has been demonstrated on the standard PG&E-69 bus system and the outcomes of the 69-bus test case have been validated by comparing with other competing algorithms. Using FR and CPS at three optimal nodes and due to power loss reduction, cost-saving reached up to a maximum of 71%, and a maximum APLR of 26% was achieved after the installation of DGs at three optimal locations with the significant improvement in the bus voltage profile.
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Authors and Affiliations

G. Srinivasan
ORCID: ORCID
K. Amaresh
1
Kumar Reddy Cheepathi
1

  1. Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, KSRM College of Engineering, Yerramasupalli, Kadappa – 516003, Andhra Pradesh, India

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