During the years of observations pedatory arthropods of Arachnida, Chrysopidae, Heteroptera, Coccinellidae, and Syrphidae were collected from Myzocallis coryli Goetze colonies. Arachnida constituted the most numerous group followed by predatory bugs of Heteroptera.

In1993–1997 the occurrence of predatory syrphids inthe cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) colonies was observed on the nine different cabbage vegetables: savoy cabbage cv. Vertus, white cabbage cv. Amager, red cabbage cv. Langendijker, brussels sprout cv. Maczuga, cauliflower cv. Pionier, blue kohlrabi cv. Masłowa, white kohlrabi cv. Delikates, kale cv. Zielony Kędzierzawy and broccoli cv. Piast. The number of aphids as well as amount of aphidophagous Syrphidae feeding in their colonies on the different cabbage vegetables were compared. The species compositionwas also estimated. Eight species of Syrphidae were collected: Episyrphus balteatus (Deg.), Sphaerophoria scripta (L.), S. rueppelli (Wied.) S. menthastri (L.), Metasyrphus corollae (Fabr.), Scaeva pyrastri (L.), Syrphus vitripennis (Meig.), Paragus quadrifasciatus (Meig.). In the all years of observation the dominant species were E. balteatus (Deg.), S. scripta (L.) and S. rueppelli (Wied.). The highest number of syrphid larvae were collected from cabbage aphid colonies on the white and savoy cabbage.

The effects of two native isolates of Beauveria bassiana, AM-118 and BB3, were evaluated on the predatory coccinellid, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri by measuring several developmental parameters and intermediary metabolism. Treatment with both isolates significantly increased the length of each developmental stage compared to the control except for the eggs and adults. The preovipositional period in the adults treated with BB3 significantly increased compared to those treated with AM-118 and the control. Other parameters, including longevity, length of oviposition period and fecundity, showed no significant differences between treatments. Although there were no significant differences in the parameters of net reproduction rate ( R₀) and gross reproduction rate ( GRR) between the control and fungal treated C. montrouzieri, the intrinsic rate of population increase ( r) and finite rate of population (λ) for the control treatments were significantly higher. The activities of both aminotransferases in the larvae and the adults treated with both isolates significantly increased 96 hours post-treatment compared to the control. Although similar results were recorded for acid phosphatase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity showed no significant differences in larvae and adults between the treatments. The amount of protein significantly decreased in the larvae and the adults treated with both isolates after 96 hours, while the amount of triglyceride significantly reduced in the treated larvae compared to control. No significant differences were observed in adults. Our results indicated that both native isolates of B. bassiana may affect life fitness of C. montrouzieri but isolate AM-118 was more compatible than BB3.

The main goal of robot path planning is to design an optimal path for a robot to navigate from its starting point to its goal while avoiding obstacles and optimizing certain criteria. A novel method using marine predator algorithm which is used in the field of robot path planning is presented. The proposed method has two steps. First step is to build a mathematical model of path planning while second step is optimization process using marine predator algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed method works well and has good performance in different situations. Therefore, this method is an effective method for robot path planning and related applications.

In 1993–1997 the occurrence of cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) and predators from Cecidomyiidae, Coccinellidae and Chrysopidae was observed on the nine different late cabbage vegetables; Savoy cabbage cv. ‘Vertus’, white cabbage cv. ‘Amager’, red cabbage cv. ‘Langendijker’, brussel sprouts cv. ‘Maczuga’, cauliflower cv. ‘Pionier’, blue kohlrabi cv. ‘Masłowa’, white kohlrabi cv. ‘Delikates’, kale cv. ‘Zielony Kędzierzawy’ and broccoli cv. ‘Piast’. Among the examined predators only the cecidomyiid – Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rond. (Cecidomyiidae) played an important role in reducing the number of cabbage aphids. The cruciferous species had no impact on the density of A. aphidimyza population, and females laying eggs. The size of aphid colonies on cabbage leaves played the most important role.