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Application of Prefabricated Panels for the Energy Retrofit of Portuguese Residential Buildings Facades: A Case Study

J. Sousa
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2013 | No 3 | 337-357
Keywords Prefabrication Panels Systems Facades Retrofit Low Energy Renovation Sustainability
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Abstract

This article aims to evaluate the potential application of prefabricated panels in energy retrofit of facades in the Portuguese building stock. The fundamentals of this study were part of Annex 50, which was an international ECBCS IEA project, with the purpose of developing an innovative concept of building renovation for the most representative buildings based on prefabricated systems. To analyze the potential application of energy retrofit using prefabricated panels, was important to know the reality of the existing building stock and its morphology. To know the reality of the building stock, an analysis was done based on the existing statistical data and to find the most representative residential buildings, target of the study, three criteria were defined: buildings built before 1990, with 2 to 6 floors and with renovation needs in the exterior envelope.

In the absence of statistical information about buildings morphology, a research work was done in the field. During the collection of data a methodology was developed in which each opening was classified according to a code with three parameters. In the end of the classification, 29 final codes were achieved and was verified that three types of panels have a higher probability of being applied.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Sousa

Algorithmically aided management of structure modularity at the design and execution stage

Krzysztof Nazar Jan Słyk
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 643-657 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2021.138946
Keywords modularity prefabrication tessellation tiling optimization management
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Abstract

The interest in prefabricated building modules is constantly growing due to the increasing possibilities of analysing extensive data sets in computers and the popularity of BIM technology. The ability to manage the position, size and properties of many different elements make it easy to create and evaluate complete modular models at the design stage. Benefits of prefabrication include, among the others, decreased cost, minimisation of environmental impact, and reduced labour on-site. However, making structures and buildings suitable for prefabrication puts additional responsibility on the designer, who needs to choose the modular system, partition the structure and prepare detailed schedules. The article refers to digital control over modular design in the context of the increasing complexity of structures. It focuses on methods and tools that either reduce the designer’s labour or provide him with information that can be used to optimise the structure in terms of efficiency or cost. The article organises the existing trends and presents three experiments on algorithmic control of modular structures to outline the differences in computational methods suitable for particular technologies: masonry, steel, glass and timber construction. The research illustrated in the article was undertaken in response to the need to develop construction technologies in line with the sustainable development trend.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Nazar
1
Jan Słyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, ul. Koszykowa 55, 00-659 Warsaw, Poland

Application of prefabricated concrete in residential buildings and its safety management

L. Jiao X.D. Li
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2018 | Vol. 64 | No 2 | 21-35
Keywords prefabricated concrete residential building safety management
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Abstract

With the development of the society in recent years, there are more and more housing construction areas. The traditional concrete has not been able to satisfy the demand of housing construction. In this study, prefabricated concrete was applied in the design of assembling style houses considering their characteristics, and its economic, environmental and social benefits were analyzed combining risk matrix evaluation method and management strategy. It was found that the use of prefabricated concrete as a building material could effectively shorten the construction period, reduce the construction cost and improve the construction safety, playing a role of energy saving and environmental protection. Therefore it was concluded that prefabricated concrete can improve the efficiency of construction, reduce environmental pollution and save energy. This work provides a reference for the application of prefabricated concrete in residential buildings and its safety management.

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Authors and Affiliations

L. Jiao
X.D. Li

The Concrete Factory House: Tradition of Rational Modernity and Attempts at Interpretation in Contemporary Technology

Marcin Charciarek Jan Dziadek Aleksandra Kubacka
Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury Oddziału Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Krakowie | 2022 | vol. L | 271-294 | DOI: 10.24425/tkuia.2022.144853
Keywords concrete standardization prefabrication single-family house
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Abstract

The research problem of the article refers to the question of the sense of using concrete prefabrication to create a new quality of architecture for single-family houses. Known and referenced projects from the past — from the period of early architectural Rationalism (Modernism and Functionalism) — seem appropriate to show, recall and update the idea of concrete prefabrication of single-family houses in the present day. This point of reference, having its source in the vision of the housing revolution from the beginning of the 20th century, can today be the subject of direct references and the search for further variants of rational patterns of modern prefabrication of single-family houses. The article is based on the most important items from the beginnings of concrete prefabrication technology, including Vers une architecture (1923) by Le Corbusier and articles and manuscripts by Walter Gropius following new concepts in German construction. Newer items include the Gilbert Herbert’s text that summarizes the heritage of Gropius’ prefabrication entitled The Dream of the Factory Made House by Walter Gropius and Konrad Wachsmann (1984).
The research method was the analysis of selected historical and contemporary houses built either in whole or in part in the precast concrete technology (a multiple-case study). The presentation of new examples shows the possibility of adapting the rational ideas and aesthetics of architecture from the early 20th century with the use of the latest concrete technologies. According to the author, the sense of concrete prefabrication in the construction of single-family houses is to return to the idea of ‘developed’ technology rationalization and Modernist architectural aesthetics. Although prefabrication is associated with the domain of economization, modularity, standardization and typification, thanks to advanced technologies, a prefabricated house in the 21st century can be a proof of the multitude of possible configurations.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Charciarek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jan Dziadek
2
ORCID: ORCID
Aleksandra Kubacka
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture
  2. Doctoral School at Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture

The Acoustic Effect of Windows Installed in a Wood Frame Façade

Jacek Nurzyński
Archives of Acoustics | 2023 | vol. 48 | No 2 | 183-190 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2023.145231
Keywords sound insulation lightweight frame building prefabricated façade windows protection against noise
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Abstract

The acoustic effect of windows installed in a prefabricated wood frame façade was considered. Windows inserted into a lightweight wall modify its structural scheme. The research aimed to investigate the possible interaction of the façade’s main components and their actual contribution to the total sound insulation. The principal research question involved the prediction of the acoustic performance of the complete prefabricated panel from the performance of its basic elements, an opaque part and windows. As the frequency-dependent characteristics of the elements differ substantially, the use of single number values for prediction and accuracy was of particular interest. The study is based on laboratory measurements. Initially, two full-scale samples of an opaque wall and four windows were tested separately. Then, several variants of the façade consisting of various combinations of these elements were examined. The results of measurements were juxtaposed and compared with calculated values. The frequency-dependent experimental results were fairly consistent with calculations. The estimations based on single number quantities were also in good agreement with measurements. Thus, it may be concluded that the façade elements did not interact significantly, and the single number calculations give reliable results that can be used in practice.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Nurzyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Building Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland

Assessment of large-panel prefabricated buildings in the social aspect of sustainable construction

Aleksandra Radziejowska Anna Sobotka
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 93-108 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2021.138045
Keywords sustainable construction social assessment large-panel prefabricated buildings operation
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Abstract

A comprehensive assessment of buildings in accordance with the concept of sustainable development requires their analysis in three economic, environmental and social aspects. J It is a multi-criteria assessment, which takes into account many factors and their significance for the purpose of this assessment. Due to the complexity of this assessment, it can be performed due to a particular aspect, and the result obtained is a component of the global quality indicator as an additive function. The article presents the results of research conducted in large-panel buildings (LPB) enabling their assessment due to the social aspect. It is particularly important in the assessment of residential buildings, and the existing large resources of LPB are the basis for choosing them for such assessment According to the PN-EN 16309 + A1: 2014-12 standard, during conducting a social assessment of buildings, six main categories should be taken into account, which include: accessibility, adaptability, health and comfort, impact on the neighborhood, maintenance and maintainability, safety and security. The presented data was obtained as a result of the analysis of the features of selected buildings from the “large panel” located in housing estates in Cracow and Jędrzejów using a computer application. It is based on a mathematical model that was developed as part of a doctoral dissertation.
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Bibliography


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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Radziejowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Sobotka
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. AGH University of Science and Technology in Cracow, Department of Geomechanics, Civil Engineering and Geotechnics, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland

Prefabrication in Władysław Pienkowski’s work as an example of the author’s signature approach to architectural design

Anna Maria Wierzbicka Anita Orchowska Emilian Nagiel
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 355-375 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.140647
Keywords sacred architecture Władysław Pieńkowski prefabrication individual creative approach
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Abstract

This article discusses the use of prefabricated concrete components in the work of the Polish architect Władysław Pienkowski (1907–1991), which are particularly representative of the author’s signature approach to contemporary sacred architecture. The evolution of the prefabricated components used and their properties are presented through the example of 8 churches of his design. They have been analysed in terms of their individual character, the potential to use similar components in a variety of designs and in terms of their aesthetic value. Contemporary and archived photographs, as well as design drawings from the archives of the architect’s family have been used to illustrate the examples. The presented examples prove that the use of prefabricated elements offers a wide range of options in the creation of architecture. Their repetitive nature, when skilfully used, becomes an asset rather than a hindrance in the design of diverse buildings. Drawing attention to this aspect can not only inspire the creation of new buildings, but also contribute to the revitalisation of existing architectural structures.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Maria Wierzbicka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anita Orchowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Emilian Nagiel
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Archicture, ul. Koszykowa 55, 00-659 Warsaw, Poland

Damage mechanism of conventional joints and proposal of a novel joint for hollow-core slab bridges

Yujun Cui Xingwei Xue Hao Yao Xudong Hua Yuanming Huang
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 4 | 571-590 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.143055
Keywords a novel joint failure mechanism joint prefabricated hollow-core slab shrinkage and creep vehicle load and temperature gradient
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Abstract

The prefabricated hollow-core slab bridge is a common bridge. In prefabricated hollow-core slab bridges, joints play an important role in connecting prefabricated slabs and ensuring the integrity of the bridge. However, as the service time of the bridge increases, conventional joints have a large number of typical diseases that affect the safety and durability of bridges. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element model of the entire construction phase is established to investigate the development difference of shrinkage and creep between joints and hollow-core slabs. The effects of vehicle load and temperature gradient on joints were analysed, the failure mechanism of joints was explored, and a novel joint was proposed. The results of a nonlinear analysis showed that the novel joint can effectively improve the mechanical performance of joints and cracks can be effectively controlled. Moreover, the novel joint solves the problem in that the conventional novel joint cannot be vibrated effectively.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yujun Cui
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xingwei Xue
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hao Yao
2
ORCID: ORCID
Xudong Hua
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yuanming Huang
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. School of Transportation and Surveying Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
  2. Guangzhou Communications Investment Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

Problems and challenges of the built environment and the potential of prefabricated architecture

Anna Tofiluk
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 3 | 405 –424 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.146088
Keywords container architecture crisis of the city modular architecture offsite architecture parasiticarchitecture prefabricated architecture
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Abstract

A contemporary European city faces various challenges, and it remains in a permanent state of crisis. The components that create such a situation are subject to change over time. In addition to the existing problems, the inhabitants, authorities, and people involved in designing and transforming the city, including architects, face newchallenges. In recent years, the old problem of a shortage of affordable housing has been coupled with new challenges, including a sudden influx of refugees, climate change and its consequences, and the pandemic. Solutions to these issues are complex and multi-dimensional, and the actions to be taken are of interdisciplinary nature. Prefabricated architecture can be part of these solutions. Prefabricated building technologies, including prefabricated large-panel buildings, modular buildings and mobile structures, can, under appropriate conditions, modernize the process of building new housing. These solutions fit into the idea of sustainable development and can respond to unexpected and dynamically changing circumstances over time (emergency buildings). This paper examines the contemporary urban crisis and possible steps to be taken through the prism of the possibilities offered by the design of prefabricated buildings. The question is what criteria and design strategies should be adopted for prefabricated architecture to meet the demands of a city in crisis? The conducted analyses are universal. Nevertheless, they consider the application of prefabricated solutions in architecture in Poland and the potential for its further development. Therefore, the discussed implementations from the author’s country are given an important role in the text and are shown first against the background of European design practice. Omission of solutions from other continents is a deliberate delimitation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Tofiluk
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland

Analysis of technology, time and costs of three methods of building a single-family house: traditional brick, reinforced concrete prefabrication, timber frame

Grzegorz Wrzesiński Katarzyna Pawluk Marzena Lendo-Siwicka Jan Kowalski
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 23-39 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145250
Keywords single-family house traditionally brick house prefabricated reinforced concrete house timber frame house construction time construction cost
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Abstract

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of technology, time and costs of three methods of building a single-family house; traditional brick, reinforced concrete prefabrication and timber frame. The goal of this study was to determine if prefabricated and timber frame building methods and materials have the potential to replace traditional method of construction in the context of cost and time. For this purpose, a qualitative analysis was performed, including a list of benefits of each of the analysed construction technologies and a quantitative analysis in which the cost of finished houses per 1 m2 of usable area was compared. The analyses were conducted for two single-family houses with similar characteristics using scheduling and cost estimation software. The conducted analyses have shown that the shortest time to build a house is in the prefabricated reinforced concrete technology. The used construction technology from ready-made prefabricated elements affects the time of building house and thus, the costs of its construction. The construction time for the house in case of a timber frame structure and made of ready-made reinforced concrete prefabricated elements is similar but the cost of a timber frame structure is much higher. It takes longest time to build a house in traditional brick technology and requires the involvement of the largest financial resources from all three analysed construction technologies. Despite this, traditional brick technology is the most used in construction in Poland and other Central and Easter Europe countries. This is due to the widespread belief of investors about the durability of a building made in this technology and the habits of investors resulting from a long-standing tradition of construction. However, the study’s results in the world showed that a change in build technology is a step in addressing the concerns of poor quality and reduce construction costs and time, increasing the construction sector’s productivity and sustainability.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Wrzesiński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Pawluk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marzena Lendo-Siwicka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jan Kowalski
1
  1. Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Institute of Civil Engineering, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland

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