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Assessment of bioaerosols in urban and rural primary schools using passive and active sampling methodologies

Nuno Canha Susana Marta Almeida Maria do Carmo Freitas Hubert Th. Wolterbeek

Archives of Environmental Protection | 2015 | vol. 41 | No 4 | DOI: 10.1515/aep-2015-0034

Keywords primary schools indoor air quality bioaerosols pollens fungi bacteria urban and rural

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Abstract

People spend most of their time in indoor environments and, consequently, these environments are more significant for the contribution of the daily pollutant exposure than outdoors. In case of children, a great part of their time is spent at school. Therefore, evaluations of this microenvironment are important to assess their time-weighted exposure to air pollutants.

The aim of this study was to assess the children exposure to bioaerosols at schools from two different types of areas, urban and rural. A methodology based upon passive sampling was applied to evaluate fungi, bacteria and pollens, simultaneously with active sampling for fungi and bacterial assessment. Results showed very good correlations between sampling methods, especially for summer season. Passive sampling methodologies presented advantages such as no need of specific and expensive equipment, and they allow achieving important qualitative information.

The study was conducted in different periods of the year to study the seasonal variation of the bioaerosols. Fungi and pollen presented higher levels during the summer time whereas bacteria did not present a seasonal variation. Indoor to outdoor ratios were determined to assess the level of outdoor contamination upon the indoor environment. Levels of fungi were higher outdoor and bacteria presented higher concentrations indoors.

Indoor levels of bioaerosols were assessed in primary schools of urban and rural areas, using the active method along with a passive sampling method. Very good correlations between methods were found which allow the use of the passive sampling method to supply important and reliable qualitative information of bioaerosols concentrations in indoor environments. Seasonal variation in bioaerosols concentrations were found for fungi and pollen. Concentrations of fungi and bacteria above AMV (Acceptable Maximum Value) were found for most of the studied classrooms showing the importance of this microenvironment for the high exposure of children to bioaerosols.

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Authors and Affiliations

Nuno Canha

Susana Marta Almeida

Maria do Carmo Freitas

Hubert Th. Wolterbeek

Changes of the primary schools network in rural areas in the Małopolskie Voivodship over the 2000–2016 period

Marcin Semczuk

Biuletyn KPZK | 2018 | No 272 | 113-124

Keywords network of schools primary school school in rural areas small school school liquidation

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Abstract

The author’s aim was to present actual conditions of rural primary schools functioning and the spatial differentiation of their network reorganization with particular emphasis on the consequences of those schools liquidation change their a governing body other from the local government units (LGU) to local community organizators. The study was focused on rural areas of the Małopolskie Voivodship over 2000–2016 period. In the paper were presented the number of pupils and schools (open and closed) and the school governing bodies structure too. Those data, obtained by the author from the Local Data Banks and the Board of Education in Cracow and were presented for each statistical locality. A population and settlement concentration in many rural areas made costs of schools maintenance higher and higher. Thus school governing bodies faced a difficult decision – either to reorganize the actual school network or to spend more on education from the municipal budget. Most complicated structures is observed in the rural areas showing depopulation and dispersed settlement, the zones of traditional agricultural. In all rural areas of the Małopolskie Voivodship, the number of pupils in primary schools during the analysed period decreased nearly by 30%. Thus 118 small rural schools were closed i.e. in the county Miechów, of 43 schools remained only 21. The number of closed schools would be much higher without a activity of the local communities, which began to take over their schools from the LGU. Within rural areas the Małopolskie Voivodship in 2016, 123 schools were run by local organization i.e. over 11,5% of all the rural primary schools.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Semczuk

Emotional and Psychological Behavior of Children in the Context of Transforming Modern Society

Sergey Khrameshin Natalya Antsiferova Marina Seluch Zukhra Ismailova Svetlana Kozlovskaya

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2021 | vol. 52 | No 2 | 179-187 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2021.137261

Keywords aggressiveness authoritarian hyper-socialization loser syndrome primary school age children social status upbringing model

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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of emotional and psychological behavior indicators in children aged 7-8 years in modern society. The study was conducted in 2018-2019 in Moscow (Russian Federation) and included a total of 600 children of the second – third grades in three secondary schools. The first group included children from families with high social status and higher education of both parents, the second group comprised children from middle- class families with secondary special education of parents, and the third group enrolled children from low-income families with incomplete secondary education of parents. Children were tested for aggressiveness as well as attitudes toward family members. It has been established that in the first group, the model of upbringing was dominated by hyper- socialization of the authoritarian type. In the second group, the model of education was more balanced, symbiosis and cooperation dominated, exceeding the other parameters by 1.3–1.9 times (p ≤ 0.05). In the third group, average and high levels of aggression were stated to be significantly higher – 1.6–2.2 times (p ≤ 0.01). In the third and first groups, there was a direct connection between the frequency of instrumental aggression and negative attitude towards siblings (0.65 and 0.84, respectively).

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Authors and Affiliations

Sergey Khrameshin

Natalya Antsiferova

Marina Seluch

Zukhra Ismailova

Svetlana Kozlovskaya

Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy
Department of State, Municipal Management and Law, Kursk Academy of State and Municipal Service
Department of Psychology and Pedagogy, Amur State University
Department of Professional Education and Physical Education, Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers
Department of Social Work, Russian State Social University

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Assessment of bioaerosols in urban and rural primary schools using passive and active sampling methodologies

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Changes of the primary schools network in rural areas in the Małopolskie Voivodship over the 2000–2016 period

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Emotional and Psychological Behavior of Children in the Context of Transforming Modern Society

Abstract

Bibliography

Authors and Affiliations