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Abstract

The article considers issues of ensuring sustainable agricultural production by increasing reliability of an irrigation sys-tem and water security. The article describes results of hydraulic tests performed at the water outlet with a vertical move-ment valve member. Resistance coefficients and hydrodynamic effects at the water outlet were determined experimentally. The study devel-oped a method for calculating hydromechanical transient processes in the water outlet at the stop and start of the pump. The paper substantiates the new construction of a water outlet facility with a vertical displacement of the breakdown valve. Such a design better corresponds to peculiarities of the operation of pumping stations and, if there are water pipes of considerable diameter, it has a positive effect on transition hydrodynamic processes by reducing the number of failures and downtime by up to 10%.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Ievgenii Gerasimov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Henrikh Herasymov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Oleg Pinchuk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, 11 Soborna St., 33028 Rivne, Ukraine
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Abstract

Between 2004 and 2017, multiple studies on the herbicide resistance of weeds were conducted by the Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute in Poland. Weed seeds, collected from fields located in various regions of Poland where herbicide use was ineffective, were used in studies conducted under greenhouse conditions. A total of 261 loose silky bent (Apera spica-venti L.) samples were found to be herbicide resistant, which translates to 52.4% of the fields under study. Nearly 50% of the analyzed samples exhibited resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides. Resistance to acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors was found in 18 fields, whereas resistance to photosystem II (PSII) inhibitors (isoproturon) was found in 12 fields. Herbicide resistance of blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) occurred in 26 of the fields under study. In addition, resistance of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) to acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitors occurred in 10 spring cereal crops. In the case of winter wheat, resistance of cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.) to tribenuron-methyl occurred in 23 fields. Scentless chamomile (Matricaria inodora L.) and field poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.) were resistant to tribenuron-methyl in four and three fields, respectively, of winter wheat. In the case of sugar beet, three biotypes of fat hen (Chenopodium album L.) and two biotypes of redroot amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) were resistant to metamitron. Horseweed (Conyza canadensis L.), which grows on railway tracks, exhibited resistance to glyphosate. This paper reviews all studies conducted in Poland on weed resistance. Based on the results, maps of weed resistance in Poland were created.

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Authors and Affiliations

Kazimierz Adamczewski
Kinga Matysiak
Roman Kierzek
Sylwia Kaczmarek
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of studies on local resistance coefficients (ζ). The study used pipe aerators with filling made according to the Polish patent PL235924. The hydraulic investigations were performed in real working conditions of a water treatment plant in a testing rig built in the Scientific and Research Water Station of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW). The investigation encompassed two plastic pipe aerators of an internal diameter 101.6 and 147.6 mm with steel Białecki rings of 12 and 25 mm in diameter. Measurements of pressure difference (Δp) in the investigated aerators were performed at volumetric water flows ( Q) selected from the range 2–20 m 3∙h –1 with the interval 2 m 3∙s –1. The values of ζ were determined according to the PN-EN 1267:2012 standard. The investigation showed that the ζ depends both on an internal diameter of the plastic pipe aerator and the diameter of Białecki steel rings. The values of ζ increase with a decrease of the internal diameter of the pipe aerator and a decrease of the ring diameter.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Kalenik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Chalecki
2
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Wichowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Adam Kiczko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Chmielowski
3
ORCID: ORCID
Martyna Świętochowska
4
ORCID: ORCID
Joanna Gwoździej-Mazur
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitary Engineering, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Life Science – SGGW, Institute of Civil Engineering, Department of Mechanics and Building Structures, Warsaw, Poland
  3. University of Science and Technology in Krakow – AGH, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, Department of Gas Engineering, Krakow, Poland
  4. Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Department of Water Supply and Sewage Systems, Białystok, Poland

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