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The Relevance of Civility Today

Barbara Misztal
Studia Socjologiczne | 2024 | No 1 | 5-26 | DOI: 10.24425/sts.2024.149314
Keywords market respect civil society democracy civility
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Abstract

The paper emphasizes the contemporary relevance of civility, understood as a respectful way of treating the other and recognition of people’s differences and sensibilities. It outlines the sociological importance of civility as being connected with its role as both a normative guidance orienting us towards prescriptive ideals and as an empirical concept with important social impact on identities and actions. The paper examines Adam Smith’s theory which roots civility in a commercial society, analyses Elias’s (1994) history of civility as the folding of the logic of the civilizing process, and it debates theories linking the idea of civility to civil society. In conclusion, emphases are put on the importance of civility, seen as the act of respectful engaging with people across deep divisions, for the quality of democracy.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Barbara Misztal
1
  1. University of Leicester

Taking Xanthippe’s Side

Katarzyna Kasia
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2020 | Nr 1 (65) Tenderness | 78-79 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2020.135934
Keywords Xanthippe Socrates tender narrators disregard respect tenderness
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Kasia

Taking a cue from Norwid…

Zofia Ratajczak
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2020 | Nr 1 (65) Tenderness | 73-77 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2020.135933
Keywords tenderness at work professional relationships respect emotional support likeability tenderness
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Abstract

On the importance of tenderness towards others in workplace relationships.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zofia Ratajczak

The problem of envy in the context of principles of justice and Rawls’s construction of the original position

Adrian Kuźniar
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2021 | No 4 | 259-273 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2021.138986
Keywords difference principle egalitarianism envy J. Rawls self‑respect theory of justice
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Abstract

The paper analyses and develops John Rawls’s defence of his theory of justice against the conservative objection that egalitarian conceptions of social justice are an expression of envy. The defence involves the following claims: (1) The content of the difference principle does not match an essential property of envy. (2) The parties in the original position are not motivated by envy. (3) None of the conditions imposed on the original position arise from envy. Next, it is argued that there are reasons to suppose that the parties in the original position would choose a more egalitarian principle of distributive justice than the difference principle. These reasons are grounded in the claim that self respect is the most important primary good and in the fact that the level of economic inequalities is negatively correlated with self respect among the least advantaged members of society. It is shown that even though the content of the more egalitarian principle matches the essential property of envy, the conservative objection remains unjustified.
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Bibliography

Crocker J., Blanton H. (1999), Social Inequality and Self‑Esteem: The Moderating Effects of Social Comparison, Legitimacy, and Contingencies of Self‑Esteem, w: T.R. Tyler, R.M. Kramer, O.P. John (red.), The Psychology of the Social Self, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, s. 171–191.
Krauss M.W., Park J.W. (2014), The Undervalued Self: Social Class and Self-‑Evaluation, „Frontiers of Psychology” 5, s. 1–9.
Nozick R. (2010), Anarchia, państwo, utopia, przeł. P. Maciejko, M. Szczubiałka, Warszawa: Fundacja Aletheia.
Rawls J. (2009), Teoria sprawiedliwości. Wydanie nowe, przeł. M. Panufnik, J. Pasek, A. Romaniuk, przekład przejrzał i uzupełnił S. Szymański, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Schoeck H. (1969), Envy: A Theory of Social Behavior, London: Secker and Warburg.
Tesser A. (1988), Toward a Self‑Evaluation Maintenance Model of Social Behavior, „Advances in Experimental Social Psychology” 21, s. 181–227.
Wilkinson R., Pickett K. (2011), The Spirit Level: Why Greater Equality Makes Societies Stronger, New York: Bloomsbury Publishing.
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Authors and Affiliations

Adrian Kuźniar

Can we be happy in a poorly‑ordered society, or what is the value of self‑respect according to John Rawls?

Barbara Grabowska
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2021 | No 4 | 107-120 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2021.138977
Keywords happiness justice J. Rawls self‑respect sense of self‑worth
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Abstract

John Rawls claims that self‑respect is arguably the most important of social primary goods. It has two aspects: the sense of self‑worth and confidence in one’s abilities. Both attitudes presuppose formation and completion of a reasonable life plan. Realization of a life plan is a stepping stone to personal achievement and happiness. Self‑respect implies acceptance of two rules of justice. Those rules presuppose an equal distribution of the social prerequisites for the growth of self‑respect. Self‑respect supports the sense of justice as well as political and social stability. A well‑ordered society makes it possible for everyone to achieve self‑respect through realization of an ambitious life plan, in accordance with Aristotelian conception of virtue. Virtue is also a prerequisite of happiness. In a poorly‑ordered society achievement of happiness is thwarted by socio‑economic inequality and artificial restrictions on selection of the life plans.
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Bibliography

Alexy R. (1987), John Rawls’ Theorie der Grundfreiheiten, w: W. Hinsch (red.), Zur Idee des politischen Liberalismus. John Rawls in der Diskussion, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
Chmielewski A. (2001), Społeczeństwo otwarte czy wspólnota?, Wrocław: Oficyna Wydawnicza Arboretum.
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Gawkowska A. (2004), Biorąc wspólnotę poważnie. Komunitariańskie krytyki liberalizmu, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo IFiS PAN.
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Leschke M. (1995), Die Beiträge von John Rawls und James Buchanan zum Aufbau einer demokratischen Grundordnung, w: I. Pies, M. Leschke (red.), John Rawls’ politischer Liberalismus, Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck).
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Zink J.R. (2011), Reconsidering the Role of Self‑Respect in Rawls’s „A Theory of Justice”, „The Journal of Politics” 73 (2), s. 331–344.
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Authors and Affiliations

Barbara Grabowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Fosa Staromiejska 1a, 87‑100 Toruń

Stability and positivity with respect to part of the variables for positive Markovian jump systems

L. Socha
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2019 | 67 | No. 4 | 769-775 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2019.130186
Keywords hybrid system Lyapunov method Markov jump system stability and positivity with respect to the part of variables
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Abstract

The stability and positivity of linear positive Markovian jump systems with respect to part of the variables is considered. The methodologies of stability of positive systems with known transition probabilities based on common linear copositive Lyapunov function and stability of linear systems with respect to part of the variables are combined to find sufficient conditions of the stochastic stability and positivity of Markovian jump systems with respect to part of the variables. The results are extended for a class of nonlinear positive Markovian jump systems with respect to part of the variables. An example is given to illustrate the obtained results.

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Authors and Affiliations

L. Socha

Some applications of the generalized Laplace transform and the representation of a solution to Sobolev-type evolution equations with the generalized Caputo derivative

Mustafa Aydin Nazim Mahmudov
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2024 | 72 | 2 | e149170 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2024.149170
Keywords degenerate evolution equation Sobolev generalized Laplace transform fractional derivative with respect to another function Mittag-Leffler type function
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Abstract

We introduce the Sobolev-type multi-term μ-fractional evolution with generalized fractional orders with respect to another function. We make some applications of the generalized Laplace transform. In the sequel, we propose a novel type of Mittag-Leffler function generated by noncommutative linear bounded operators with respect to the given function and give a few of its properties. We look for the mild solution formula of the Sobolev-type evolution equation by building on the aforementioned Mittag-Leffler-type function with the aid of two different approaches. We share new special cases of the obtained findings.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mustafa Aydin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nazim Mahmudov
2 3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Muradiye Vocational School, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Tu¸sba 65080 Van, Turkey
  2. Department of Mathematics, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta 99628 T.R. North Cyprus, Turkey
  3. Research Center of Econophysics, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Istiqlaliyyat Str. 6, Baku 1001, Azerbaijan

Individual´s self-image and selected preconditions for its advancement

Alena Vališová
Studia Pedagogiczne | 2017 | tom LXX | 217-226
Keywords Self-consciousness self-evaluation self-respect self-appreciation self-recognition self-confidence self-realization psychical hygiene praise positive access active life position
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Abstract

The presented article points to the issues of self-consciousness and the possibilities of its development. It defines in this context also concepts of self-evaluation, self-respect, self-appreciation, self-recognition, self-confidence and self-realization. In the text, it is emphasized that self-consciousness is related to the awareness of one´s own psychophysical and social identity - I myself and the world and my place in it. An important means for the development of the healthy self-consciousness is also praise. In the conclusion of the article, attention is paid to the psycho-hygiene as prevention of the failure.

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Authors and Affiliations

Alena Vališová

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