Three problems in the taxonomy of Pancratium in Egypt are the lack of publications, a lack of clarity about the relationships between recently distinguished species, and the lack of markers for examining the levels and patterns of variation in rare and endemic species; the latter hinders work in plant conservation genetics. In this study we reassessed the taxonomic status of the Pancratium species of Egypt, and examined morphological and genetic variation within and between species, using specimens from different populations collected throughout its distribution range in the country. Our assessment was based on 38 macromorphological characters mainly representing vegetative parts, flowers, fruits and seeds, in addition to RAPD data. The results revealed five morphologically distinguished Pancratium species in Egypt, of which P. trianthum Herb. is newly recorded. Species identification was confirmed by two phenetic dendrograms generated with 26 quantitative morphological characters and RAPD data, while species delimitation was verified by principal component analysis. The diagnostic floral characters are those of the perianth, corona teeth, pistil, stamens, aerial scape, spathe, and number of flowers. The retrieved RAPD polymorphic bands show better resolution of the morphologically and ecologically closely allied Pancratium species (P. arabicum and P. maritimum), and also confirm the morphological and ecological divergence of P. tortuosum from the other studied species. These results are supported by the constructed UPGMA dendrogram.

The work contains discussions and simulation analyses of the expectation formation processes, taking account of the data revisions. In particular, it contains results of simulations examining statistical properties of the rationality tests and extrapolation processes, with particular focus on their behaviour in the case of short samples and data with measurement errors. The conclusions indicate that the rationality test based on the optimal regression and the proposed adaptive and accelerating tests are the most efficient and flexible. The tests showcasing best properties have been applied to a new set of macroeconomic forecasts for Poland. The results show that there are no grounds for rejecting the hypothesis on the rationality of forecasts derived from the National Bank of Poland (NBP) and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development; however, this property was rejected for the European Commission. What is more, the comparative analysis indicates that only the national institution (NBP) may potentially aim the final readings of the macroeconomic data as the forecasting target. Finally, it transpires that the extrapolative models, albeit simple and intuitively interpreted, generally fail to correctly explain the forecast formation processes regarding the Polish economy.

The two versions of Flaubert’s Un coeur simple, both signed by writer and translator Lalla Romano, prompt a reflection on a practice which lies in the hybrid space between revision and retranslation. Mainly due to extratextual reasons, two often conflicting dynamics emerge from Romano’s interventions in the text and in the paratexts: the tendency to get closer to the source text and, at the same time, the translator’s unusual independence from its stylistic features.

The paper aims at analyzing the practice on the borderline of retranslation and revision carried out by translators who rework their own previous translations. The comparison between the three Italian editions (1999, 2013, 2020) of Olga Tokarczuk’s Prawiek i inne czasy shows how the same translator gradually moved towards a more foreignizing approach, fixings errors and modernizing the language, though not eschewing a domesticating strategy. These re-editions seem to be linked with the growing symbolic capital and contractual power of the writer on the international arena, which arouse the need of more accurate translations and reinterpretations of her works.

We apply Bayesian inference to estimate transformation matrix that converts vector of industry outputs from NACE Rev. 1.1 to NACE Rev. 2 classification. In formal terms, the studied issue is a representative of the class of matrix balancing (updating, disaggregation) problems, often arising in the field of multi-sector economic modelling. These problems are characterised by availability of only partial, limited data and a strong role for prior assumptions, and are typically solved using bi-proportional balancing or cross-entropy minimisation methods. Building on Bayesian highest posterior density formulation for a similarly structured case, we extend the model with specification of prior information based on Dirichlet distribution, as well as employ MCMC sampling. The model features a specific likelihood, representing accounting restrictions in the form of an underdetermined system of equations. The primary contribution, compared to the alternative, widespread approaches, is in providing a clear account of uncertainty.

The main goal of this article is to characterise and compare some aspects of Hilary Putnam’s referential theory of meaning and Robert B. Brandom’s inferential theory of meaning. I will do it to indicate some similarities and differences in these theories. It will provide an opportunity for a deeper understanding of these theories and for a more adequate evaluation of how they describe and explain the process of meaning acquisition of linguistic expressions.

In his theory of meaning Putnam emphasises the importance of reference understood as a relationship which connects linguistic expressions and extra-linguistic (empirical) reality. Brandom acknowledges inference as a main category useful in characterising the meaning of expressions used in premises and a conclusion of inference. But his theory of meaning is criticised for minimalising the role of an empirical component (demonstratives etc.). He tries to defend his standpoint in the anaphoric theory of reference.

Putnam like Brandom claimed that we – as cognitive subjects – are not in a situation in which we learn about the extra-linguistic reality in a direct way. It is the reality itself as well as our cognitive apparatus that play a role in a cognitive process.

Soil erosion has been severely affecting soil and water resources in semi-arid areas like the Mediterranean. In Morocco, this natural process is accelerated by anthropogenic activities, such as unsustainable soil management, overgrazing, and deforestation. With a drainage area of 395,600 ha, the Bouregreg River Watershed extends from the Middle Atlas Range (Jebel Mtourzgane) to the Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (SMBA) dam reservoir south-east of Rabat. Its contrasted eco-geomorphological landscapes make it susceptible to unprecedented soil erosion due to climate change. Resulting changes in erosive dynamics led to huge amounts of solid loads transported to the catchment outlet and, thus, jeopardised the SMBA dam lifespan due to siltation.
The research aims to quantify the average annual soil losses in this watershed using the Revised Universal Equation of Soil Losses (RUSLE) within a GIS environment. To highlight shifts in land use/land cover patterns and their effects on erosional severity, we have resorted to remote sensing through two Landsat 8 satellite images captured in 2004 and 2019. The C factor was combined with readily available local data regarding major erosion factors, e.g. rainfall aggressiveness ( R), soil erodibility ( K), topography ( LS), and conservation practices ( P). The helped to map the erosion hazard and determine erosion prone areas within the watershed where appropriate water and conservation measures are to be considered. Accordingly, from 2004 to 2019, average annual soil losses increased from 11.78 to 18.38 t∙ha ^–1∙y ^–1, as the watershed area affected by strong erosion (>30 t∙ha ^–1∙y ^–1) evolved from 13.57 to 39.39%.

The control of water erosion is an important economic and societal challenge. Reduction of the agronomic potential of the parcels, muddy flows, siltation of dams are harmful consequences that mobilize farmers, water managers, local authorities and scientific researchers. This study focuses on mapping and quantifying seasonal soil losses in the territory of the former Nord-Pas-de- Calais administrative region, using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) which incorporates five factors: rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, topography, land use and erosion control practices. The seasonal (3-months) time scale is chosen to better account for the parameters governing the soil water erosion, especially rainfall and vegetation cover, that show great asynchronous intra-annual variability. Also, high resolution data concerning agricultural plots allows to evaluate which type of culture are the more subject to soil losses. In Nord-Pas-de-Calais, water erosion occurs almost ubiquitously, but the areas characterized by steep slopes are the most at risk (Artois Hills and Flanders), with loss rates up to 54 t∙ha–1∙y–1. The majority of erosion occurs during fall (46% of the computed annual losses of 1.69∙Mt), on plots left bare after harvest (especially corn and beets crops). The study also demonstrates that extending the intercrop technique over the region, and therefore maintaining a fall and winter cover, could reduce the soil losses by 37%.

A project containing suggested amendments to the act of 2010 regulating the work of Commission for Research Integrity (CIR) has been forwarded to the Ministry of Education and Science In August 2022 – no decision has been communicated yet. In April 2022 CIR met with President of PAS prof. J. Duszyński. Current organizational and legislative issues have been discussed as well as means to strenghten the work of CRI. A meeting between CRI and Council for Scientific Excellence was held on 1 August 2022 which dealt with the need to modify the legislation relevant for promotion to full professorship. As pointed out earlier by CRI referees should have access to complete scientific output of a candidate (and not only to its fragments selected by a candidate). In addition, the evaluation should also include ethical aspects of a candidate scientific activity.

Public education is educating influence of wide range media on political beliefs, worldviews and patterns of the everyday life of the audience, and of the potential electorate. The public intellectuals (the Henry A. Giroux concept), significant and respected experts (academics, journalists, politicians) play a special role. The article contains the presentation and analysis of the reaction of American public intellectuals to the election of Donald Trump as President of the United States – from the perspective of critical-emancipatory pedagogy. These are extremely critical to the consequences of D. Trump's choice: Ken Wilber's, Henry A. Giroux’s, Noam Chomsky’s, and several authors in the Berkeley Review of Education 2017/1 publications and speeches are recalled. The author concludes that Poland no longer has to imitate America, because in authoritarian drift (turn) it is ahead of it.