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Number of results: 27
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Abstract

The presence of the spare parts stock is a necessity to ensure the continuity of services. The supply of spare parts is a special case of the global supply chain. The main objective of our research is to propose a global spare parts management approach which allows decision makers to determine the essential points in stock management. Thus, it is important for the stock manager to evaluate the system considered from time to time based on performance indicators. Some of these indicators are presented in the form of a dashboard. The presentation of this chapter chronologically traces the progress of our research work. In the first part, we present the work related to the forecast of spare parts needs through parametric and statistical methods as well as a Bayesian modelling of demand forecasting. To measure the appreciation of the supply of spare parts inventory, the second part focuses on work related to the evaluation of the performance of the spare parts system. Thus, we concretize the link between the management of spare parts and maintenance in the third part, more precisely, in the performance evaluation of the joint -management of spare parts and maintenance, in order to visualize the influence of parameters on the system. In the last section of this chapter, we will present the metaheuristic methods and their use in the management of spare parts and maintenance and make an analysis on work done in the literature.
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Authors and Affiliations

Oumaima Bounou
1
Abdellah El Barkany
1
Ahmed El Biyaali
1

  1. Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Morocco
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Abstract

The paper concerns a risk assessment and management methodology in critical infrastructures. The aim of the paper is to present researches on risk management within the experimentation tool based on the OSCAD software. The researches are focused on interdependent infrastructures where the specific phenomena, like escalating and cascading effects, may occur. The objective of the researches is to acquire knowledge about risk issues within interdependent infrastructures, to assess the usefulness of the OSCAD-based risk manager in this application domain, and to identify directions for further R&D works. The paper contains a short introduction to risk management in critical infrastructures, presents the state of the art, and the context, plan and scenarios of the performed validation experiments. Next, step by step, the validation is performed. It encompasses two collaborating infrastructures (railway, energy). It is shown how a hazardous event impacts the given infrastructure (primary and secondary eects) and the neighbouring infrastructure. In the conclusions the experiments are summarized, the OSCAD software assessed and directions of the future works identified.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Białas
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Abstract

The article aims to study the determinants of the energy policy implementation process from

risks and danger perspectives by building the risk management system model. The research methodology

is based on the application of the risk map to the energy policy. Our results confirmed

that the risk map could be applied in the energy industry to identify the risks and to implement the

energy policy risk management system model which will prevent critical uncertainties and risk

structure, identified from the risk map as well as bring the energy industry to the future state by

implementing scenarios and strategies, developed by the World Energy Council. The research limitations

are that the main limits are concerned with the lack of the evaluation results of the energy

policy risks aimed for the system management of the changes which these risks may introduce. No

empirical study has been conducted. The application of the risk map is related in a major part to

the enterprise level with financial and technical purposes of changes. In the research we made an

attempt to develop the managerial recommendations for the regulators on how to make a transitions

of risks to opportunities of introducing and managing changes in the framework of the energy

policy risk management system model. The originality/ value of the paper consists firstly, in the innovativeness

of applying the tool of matrix forecasting to the energy sector; secondly, in providing

a supporting tool to policy-makers and managers decisions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Iryna Nyenno
ORCID: ORCID
Natalia Selivanova
Natalya Korolenko
Vyacheslav Truba
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Earth Pressure Balanced shields are currently the most utilized tunnelling machines throughout around the world. The possibility of using conditioning agents that change the mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of a soil, changing it into a plastic paste and thus permitting soil pressure applications at the tunnel face, is the key point to explain the increasing utilization of this technology. Despite its great importance, not much laboratory researches can be registered on soil conditioning, particularly for cohesionless soils. The conditioning criterion is usually defined on the basis of a trial-and-error procedure developed directly at the job sites. A test that is able to simulate the extraction of soil from the bulk chamber with the screw conveyor inclined upwards, as in real machines, can offer a quantitative indication of the conditioned soil behavior for EPB use. The characteristics of the device and the results obtained on many different types of soil are discussed in order to point out the great importance and quality of results that can be achieved using the proposed test device.

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Authors and Affiliations

Luca Borio
Daniele Peila
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Abstract

Based on China’s resource endowment and coal mine disaster statistics, it has been found that there are many deficiencies in the management of disasters and risks in mining areas in China. Therefore, to scientifically and effectively manage mining areas, based on the theory of internal control, this paper systematically analyzes the risks of mining areas in the context of various factors and relevant suggestions. From the occurrence of mine risk to the occurrence of damage, the importance of risk management is highlighted. In accordance with the five selection principles of evaluation indicators (goal principle, comprehensiveness principle, scientificity principle, timeliness principle and focus principle) as well as the five elements of internal control (control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication and supervision), a mining area risk managementframework of human-machine-environment-management – disturbance is constructed, and twentyseven secondary risk indicators are divided. The criteria for determining the risk level and the risk response process have been established, and a more systematic and accurate mine risk management system under the theory of internal control has been formed. Finally, based on four key technologies, a dual prevention and control mechanism is formed around the system risk and job risk management system. This provides new methods and ideas for the prevention and control of coal mine safety risks and the containment of disasters and accidents.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hailong Mu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Shangjiu Meng
2
Miao Wang
3
Shengjun Zhang
4

  1. Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, China; Heilongjiang Province Hydraulic Research Institute, China
  2. Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, School of Mining Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, China
  3. Heilongjiang Province Hydraulic Research Institute, China
  4. Infrastructure Branch of the Third Construction Engineering Company LTD of China Construction Second Engineering Bureau, China
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Abstract

One of the most important natural phenomena that causes harmful damage around the world is the occurrence of sudden and severe floods. There are various solutions to deal with floods. Among the structural measures of flood risk management, we can mention the construction of levee, detention basin, channel modification, and a combination of the mentioned measures. Manafwa is a flood-prone area in Uganda currently protected by a 6.6 m high levee. Unfortunately, the existing levee does not have ideal performance, and the probability of failure is very high. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to compare seven flood management measures in the flood-prone area of Manafwa and to select the best flood risk management proposal. These management measures are: 1) construction of a levee with a height of 6.5 m, 2) construction of a levee with a height of 7 m, 3) construction of a levee with a height of 7.5 m, 4) construction of a levee with a height of 8 m, 5) channel modification, 6) detention basin and 7) a combination of structural measures of channel modification and detention basin. The results show that although building a levee with a height of 8 m is more expensive than other options, but it reduces the expected annual flood damage to about USD30.5 thous.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ngakan K.A. Dwijendra
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ali Majdi
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Udayana University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Architecture, Bali 80361, Indonesia
  2. Al-Mustaqbal University College, Department of Building and Construction Techniques Engineering, Hilla, Iraq
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Abstract

The paper features some aspects of providing information security and business continuity to public administration by means of an integrated computer-aided management system OSCAD. The system is based on international standards ISO/IEC 270001 and BS 25999 (ISO 22301). First, the significance of information security and business continuity issues in public administration was presented along with a short introduction to the applied standards. Then the possibilities of the OSCAD system were discussed together with the examples how the system can solve the problems encountered by public administration.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Białas
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Abstract

With the emergence of climate change and the increasing human intervention in the global climate, floods have affected different parts of the world. In practice, floods are the most terrible natural disaster in the world, both in terms of casualties and financial losses. To reduce the adverse effects of this phenomenon, it is necessary to use structural and non-structural methods of flood risk management. One of the structural methods of flood control is to allocate a certain part of reservoir dams to flood control. In order to safely exit the flood from the dam reservoir, the spillway structure should be used. One of the important issues in designing a spillway structure is reducing its construction costs. In order to safely exit the flood with a specified return period from the dam reservoir, as the length of the spillway decreases, the height of the water blade on the spillway increases. In other words, decreasing the spillway length increases the height of the dam and its construction and design costs. In this study, the design and comparison of the performance of two glory spillways and lateral spillways have been considered. The results showed that for a given length for the drain edge of both types of spillways, the height of the water blade on the glory spillway is always higher than the lateral spillway. For example, when a 10,000-year-old flood occurs, it is about 8 m.
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Authors and Affiliations

I Made Sukerta
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tzu-Chia Chen
2
ORCID: ORCID
Jonni Mardizal
3
Mahmood Salih Salih
4
ORCID: ORCID
Isnaini Zulkarnain
5
ORCID: ORCID
Md Zahidul Islam
6
ORCID: ORCID
Mohammed Sabeeh Majeed
7
ORCID: ORCID
Ahmed Baseem Mahdi
8
ORCID: ORCID
Dhameer Ali Mutlak
9
ORCID: ORCID
Surendar Aravindhan
10
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Agriculture and Business Faculty, JL. Kamboja 11A, Denpasar, Bali, 80361, Indonesia
  2. Ming Chi University of Technology, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
  3. Universitas Negeri Padang, Faculty of Engineering, Padang, Indonesia
  4. University of Anbar, Upper Euphrates Basin Developing Center, Ramadi, Iraq
  5. Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, Samarinda, Indonesia
  6. International Islamic University Malaysia, Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws, Civil Law Department, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  7. Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan, Iraq
  8. Al-Mustaqbal University College, Anesthesia Techniques Department, Babylon, Iraq
  9. Al-Nisour University College, Radiology and Sonar Techniques Department, Baghdad, Iraq
  10. Saveetha University, Department of Pharmocology, Chennai, India
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Abstract

The transport system is considered the “backbone” of the urban development. Along with the rapid economic development, the urban road transport system is being paid attention and invested by Hanoi city. By the year 2050, The Hanoi municipal government is expected to complete and hand over for use about 317 urban road transport projects. Due to the high demands of social and economic efficiency, the urban road transport projects in Hanoi face many risks. In which, there are 13 high dangerous risks for the urban road transport project in Hanoi. These risks have the high probability and severity impacted on the outcome of the projects. The project participant’s risk management standpoint will determine the solutions to respond the respective risks, thereby affecting the results of the project. In this paper, the authors compare the risk management standpoint of three main project participants, including owner/project management board, consultant and main contractor/subcontractor. The difference of the risk management standpoint is shown clearly by the project participants’ assessments of 13 high dangerous risks.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nguyen Quoc Toan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nguyen Thi Thuy
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dinh Tuan Hai
2
ORCID: ORCID
Pham Xuan Anh
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Construction Economics and Management, No. 55 Giai Phong Street, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi, Vietnam
  2. Hanoi Architectural University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Km 10, Nguyen Trai Street, Thanh Xuan District, Hanoi City, Vietnam
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Abstract

Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) technology is a highly complex process connected with high risk and uncertainty due the high variability underground strata, often limited access to specialised equipment, dynamic natural environment, technical disruptions, human factor and changes in economic environment that further complicate the gathering of reliable information and data. This work presents a new risk evaluation model tailored for HDD technology, in which failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) modelling were applied. This paper focuses on 15 human risk factors and 9 equipment risk factors in HDD technology. The proposed approach takes into account not only the probability of the risk factor occurrence, but also its severity and the possibility of detecting faults, which were not clearly separated and analyzed in the previous works. Application of the proposed model shows the relationship between occurrence, severity and detection for the analyzed failures. Moreover, many detection possibilities for the identified failures were presented. The calculated risk priority numbers allowed to rank HDD failures and identify the most critical risks for which one should look for risk treatment possibilities beyond risk cause reduction, such as risk effect reduction, risk transfer, risk elimination or active risk retention.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maria Krechowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wacław Gierulski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Stephen Loneragan
2
Henk Kruse
3

  1. Kielce University of Technology, Poland
  2. HDD Engineering, Australia
  3. Deltares, the Netherlands
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Abstract

The European standards, developed extensively over last 30 years, are driven by the need for continuous evolution and their Authors’ pursuit of better EU-wide quality in civil engineering – combining safety, economy, and sustainable development. The adoption of theory of reliability as the basis for design has played a major role in shaping current geotechnical practice. However, it requires from practitioners a greater understanding of underlying uncertainties. Furthermore, a number of alternative approaches, not generally used in structural design, are also allowed, as some situations in geotechnical engineering require an individual approach. Moreover, the current trends in geoengineering increase the importance of risk assessment and management. The paper presents general philosophy guiding the geotechnical design and pointing to some of the ideas introduced by Eurocode 7 and its requirements, in relation to preexisting practice of geotechnical design in civil engineering.

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Authors and Affiliations

W. Bogusz
T. Godlewski
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Abstract

This paper focuses on the analysis of selected risks as part of investments in the power

engineering at the initial (tender) stage of the life cycle in the context of the method of

project management by the Contractor. The study was carried out on the basis of an

analysis of over 500 tenders in the power engineering, from the last 5 years, taking into

account future forecast data. The analysis carried out in this article was aimed at achieving

specific and unique goals and results aimed at creating a useful product, which is the

Contractor’s offer in the power engineering, taking into account the most significant risks.

The result of this article is to support the project team in implementing risk management

in the project at the tender stage. For this purpose, the risks with their basic parameters

were defined, which allowed for the development of a risk matrix taking into account the

data obtained in the tender procedures of leading electric power distributors. Based on

the proposed risk quantification criteria, a list of remedial actions was prepared for all risk

types listed in this article. In addition, the aspects of possible elimination/reduction of the

impact of the most significant risks that occur at the analyzed stage of the investment life

cycle were developed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Michal Borecki
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Abstract

The aim of the article is to present the issue of risk and related management methods, with a particular emphasis on the conditions of investment in energy infrastructure. The work consists of two main parts; the first one is the theoretical analysis of the issue, while the second discusses the application of analysis methods on the example of the investment in an agricultural biogas plant. The article presents the definitions related to the investment risk and its management, with a particular emphasis on the distinction between the risk and uncertainty. In addition, the main risk groups of the energy sector were subjected to an analysis. Then, the basic systematics and the division into particular risk groups were presented and the impact of the diversification of investments in the portfolio on the general level of risk was determined. The sources of uncertainty were discussed with particular attention to the categories of energy investments. The next part of the article presents risk mitigation methods that are part of the integrated risk management process and describes the basic methods supporting the quantification of the risk level and its effects – including the Monte Carlo (MC), Value at risk (VaR), and other methods. Finally, the paper presents the possible application of the methods presented in the theoretical part. The investment in agricultural biogas plant, due to the predictable operation accompanied by an extremely complicated and long-term investment process, was the subject of the analysis. An example of “large drawing analysis” was presented, followed by a Monte Carlo simulation and a VaR value determination. The presented study allows for determining the risk in the case of deviation of financial flows from the assumed values in particular periods and helps in determining the effects of such deviations. The conducted analysis indicates a low investment risk and suggests the ease of similar calculations for other investments.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jakub Kaliński
Józef Paska
Karol Pawlak
Paweł Terlikowski
Dawid Urbanek
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Abstract

The chapter deals with the issue of the risk and security management process in public administration, according to the internal audit standards and their requirements. Main legal acts and standards were specified and shortly described. Specially the risk analysis process and security measures selection were emphasized. The possibility to use the software tools for the risk analysis and security measures selection support in public administration was presented. The experiment of OSCAD usage in public administration was shortly described and its results were presented. This experiment shows that the software primarily intended for IT Security Management can be used for risk management in different area as well, for example – in public administration. Some possibilities of further development of risk management supporting tools were proposed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Bagiński
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Abstract

The paper features a comprehensive approach to risk management worked out during the ValueSec project (EU 7th Framework Programme). The motivation for research was presented, along with the course of the research, achieved project results and validation results. The methodology of risk management and a supporting tool were developed as a result of the project. They help decision makers to make complex strategic decisions about security measures. These complex decision-related problems were the reason to launch the research. The elaborated methodology is based on three pillars: assessment of the considered security measure ability to reduce risk, costs and benefits analysis with respect to the security measure application, and analysis of legal, social, cultural, and other restrictions that might impair or even destroy the efficiency of the functioning measures. In the project these restrictions are called qualitative criteria. The main added value of the ValueSec project is the elaboration of a special software module to analyse impacts of qualitative criteria on the considered measure. Based on the methodology, a ValueSec Toolset prototype was developed. The prototype was then validated in the following application domains: mass event, railway transport security, airport and air transport security, protection against flood, and protection of smart grids against cyber-attacks.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Białas
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Abstract

Natural disasters have an effect on many important economic and social parameters and are related to a wide spectrum of sciences. Their kind, form, scale, intensity and other characteristics vary in different areas on Earth. One of the most common fields where such disasters are of great importance (either as threats or as resulting damage) is the urban environment (either the buildings or the infrastructure). The complexity of the natural disasters concerning each of the five phases in their lifecycle (prevention, mitigation, preparedness, emergency management, recovery) leads to the selection of strong and most capable tools, in order to predict their results, i.e. the damage. Since nowadays the geospatial technologies have undergone an effective shift to become better suited to the internet, the most appropriate tools for this purpose are the Web-based GIS. In this review paper, a Web-based GIS, which is under development, named SyNaRMa (Information System for Natural Risk Management in the Mediterranean) is being presented. SyNaRMa features include collection and analysis of data related to earthquakes, landslides and forest fires, simulation of natural disaster effects resulting from realistic scenarios and prediction of their impact on the natural and anthropogenic environment of the wider implementation areas. It is to be noted that its open architecture offers many benefits and conveniences for future plans as for example the incorporation within the system of data related to other natural disasters (e.g. drought, desertification, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions etc.) and the potential to be used all over the world.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ioannis D. Doukas
Paraskevas Savvaidis
Ilias N. Tziavos
Vassilios N. Grigoriadis
Ioanna Papadopoulou
Ioannis Vavassis
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Abstract

Environmental risk assessment is one of the key tools in environmental engineering. This risk assessment can be qualitative or quantitative and it is based on preliminary studies i.e., baseline study for waste disposal sites. Even though the literature exists on baseline study in general, still there is a lack of guidance regarding development of a site-specific baseline study model for a waste disposal site. This study has two-fold aim, firstly, how to develop site-specific baseline study model for a selected dumping site, and secondly, how this site-specific baseline study can support the environmental engineering via mathematical risk estimation. Mahmood Booti Open Dumping Site (MBODS) is selected to demonstrate the development and application of site-specific baseline study model. This is followed by building a framework that shows how the output of the baseline study can lead to environmental engineering via mathematical risk estimation. The paper provides a mechanism of how to construct a bespoke baseline-study model that is readily useable, avoiding procurement of expensive computer software and yet smoothly connecting with the follow-on stages of the risk assessment. The work presented in this paper can be reproduced repeatedly to create site-specific baseline study models for risk assessment of other waste disposal sites in a cost-effective, consistent and cohesive manner.
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Authors and Affiliations

Asifa Alam
1
Adeel Mahmood
2
M. Nawaz Chaudhry
3
Sajid Rashid Ahmad
1
Noor Ul Safa
2
Huda Ahmed Alghamdi
4
Heba Waheeb Alhamdi
4
Rizwan Ullah
5

  1. College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, GC Women University Sialkot, Pakistan
  3. Lahore Schools of Economics, Lahore, Pakistan
  4. Department of Biology, College of Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
  5. Department of Zoology, Mirpur University of Science of Technology (MUST), Mirpur Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
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Abstract

Flood risk management are considerably influenced by several factors, such as all sources of flooding, social circum-stances, policy and even the potential for local economic growth. To encourage government, business, community and oth-er parties to continue investing in flood risk management projects, it is necessary to give understanding that the projects can also provide economic benefits through systematic predictions and assessments of costs, benefits and social values, espe-cially on flood-affected communities. This study aims: (1) to develop knowledge and understanding on small-scale flood risk management project in Malang City, Indonesia, and; (2) to assess the economic efficiency of the project investment considering all benefits, both monetary and non-monetary. The research method is a mixed method combining quantitative questionnaires (N = 53 from 162 families) with qualitative in-depth interviews (N = 10) and field observations. The runoff discharge and the inundation depth were calculated using hydrology and hydraulic analysis, while the economic efficiency was analysed using cost benefit analysis (CBA). The results show that the community-based flood risk management system can reduce the flood risk up to 30% compared to before the implementation of that system. This system also provides direct financial benefits through the use of drainage channels for fish and vegetables farming. It causes the increase of the net so-cial benefit about 70–90% and the net present value (NPV) greater than zero (NPV > 0). Therefore, the project investment is recommended to be proceeded.

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Authors and Affiliations

Laksni Sedyowati
ORCID: ORCID
Grahita Chandrarin
Ginanjar I.K. Nugraha
Bambang Nugroho
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Abstract

Resettlement programmes in riverbank areas remain an alternative solution to overcoming the problems of urban flood-ing, the addressing of which can also lead to reducing slums. Such programmes have many weaknesses, but even so, several countries continue to implement them. This paper will elaborate: 1) an understanding that reductions in flood risk and en-hancements to environmental quality along riverbanks can be realised, without the need for resettlement, as a result of co- operation between local communities, governments and businesses; 2) the socio-economic benefits of improving the riverbank environment in Tridi Kampong, Malang City, Indonesia. This study employed qualitative and quantitative methods. The results of quantitative analysis and of interviews and direct observation indicate that collective action by the community has the greatest influence on the construction of that community’s commitment to improving the environment. Environmental improvements have resulted in significant socio-economic benefits by making the kampong a domestic and international tourism destination and drawing increased numbers of visitors to the region.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ida A.M. Wahyuni
1
ORCID: ORCID
I M. Weni
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tommy Hariyanto
1
ORCID: ORCID
Laksni Sedyowati
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Merdeka Malang, Postgraduate Program, Jl. Terusan Raya Dieng No. 62-64, 65146, Malang, Indonesia
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Abstract

The main goal of the studies was to collect information on the impact of the identified risk factors on the amount of costs incurred in the life cycle of buildings. The own studies were focused especially on residential and non-residential buildings. The studies consisted in obtaining expert opinions on the subject of the research involves in the non-random (arbitrary) selection of a sample of respondents from among specialists corresponding to the industry purpose of the studies and the research material. The research used the expert questionnaire method. The studies were divided into three stages. In the first stage, the identification and division of risk factors in the life cycle of buildings was performed. Then, experts assessed 45 selected risk factors that may affect the amount of costs incurred in the life cycle of buildings. In the last step, the research results were developed in the form of a checklist knowledge base, containing information about the potential impact of the identified risk factors in the life cycle of buildings on the amount of the corresponding components of life cycle costs.
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Authors and Affiliations

Damian Wieczorek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Zima
1
ORCID: ORCID
Edyta Plebankiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Warszawska St. 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
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Abstract

Complex construction projects require appropriate planning that allows for time and cost optimization, maximization of the use of available resources and appropriate investment control. Scheduling is a complicated process, due to the uncertainties and risks associated with construction works, the paper describes the development of the scheduling method traditionally used in Poland, based on data from KNR catalogs, by using the RiskyProject Professional program. In the RiskyProject Professional program, the risk and uncertainty with reference to a specific construction project were modeled, and the calculation results were compared with the real time of the project implementation. The conclusions from the work carried out confirm that the SRA (Schedule Risk Analysis) analysis of the base schedule allows for a more faithful representation of the actual conditions of a construction project. The probability of investment realization generated on the basis of the SRA analysis may be assumed at the level of 75÷90%.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paulina Kostrzewa-Demczuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Magdalena Rogalska
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Kielce University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
  2. Lublin University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nadbystrzycka St. 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
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Abstract

Construction work on buildings covered by the revitalization program of historic urban development represents a special type of construction project in which, in the execution phase, difficult technical situations and other risk sources are being encountered. An important source of risk is the necessity to preserve a part of the historic substance, which results, among others, from the recommendations of the conservator, legal regulations or from the vision of the architect/investor. The risk is also associated with difficulties and complications in construction works resulting from the location of these objects in dense urban development. The aim of the article is to identify risk factors and reactions of contractors, i.e. applied risk management methods and techniques, based on the example of a complex of buildings constructed in the historic district of Krakow. The elimination of sources of risk, especially of a technical nature, requires the construction management to be highly skilled and experienced, to carefully prepare the construction work and to design additional solutions to ensure safety at work. The experience gained may serve as a basis for risk analysis and identification during the implementation of projects involving the use of an existing building and historic substance in areas subject to revitalization programs.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Sobotka
A. Radziejowska
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Abstract

Most scheduling methods used in the construction industry to plan repetitive projects assume that process durations are deterministic. This assumption is acceptable if actions are taken to reduce the impact of random phenomena or if the impact is low. However, construction projects at large are notorious for their susceptibility to the naturally volatile conditions of their implementation. It is unwise to ignore this fact while preparing construction schedules. Repetitive scheduling methods developed so far do respond to many constructionspecific needs, e.g. of smooth resource flow (continuity of work of construction crews) and the continuity of works. The main focus of schedule optimization is minimizing the total time to complete. This means reducing idle time, but idle time may serve as a buffer in case of disruptions. Disruptions just happen and make optimized schedules expire. As process durations are random, the project may be delayed and the crews’ workflow may be severely affected to the detriment of the project budget and profits. For this reason, the authors put forward a novel approach to scheduling repetitive processes. It aims to reduce the probability of missing the deadline and, at the same time, to reduce resource idle time. Discrete simulation is applied to evaluate feasible solutions (sequence of units) in terms of schedule robustness.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Jaśkowski
ORCID: ORCID
Sławomir Biruk
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Krzemiński
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The construction contractor is concerned with reducing the cost of the project, including reducing unnecessary downtime. This is achieved when resources are fully utilized; this means the crews work continuously moving without interruption from one location to the other. However, any disturbance in the optimally scheduled workflow caused by random events is likely to result in delays, interruptions in the crews work, and productivity losses. There is therefore a need for scheduling methods that allow plans to be more resilient to disruptions and ensure a reduction in downtime and implementation costs. The authors put forward a proactive-reactive approach to the schedule risk management. Proposed method makes it possible to protect schedule deadlines from the impact of risk factors by allocating time buffers (proactive approach). It also takes into account the measures that managers take during execution in response to delays that occur, such as changing construction methods, employing extra resources, or working overtime (reactive approach). It combines both ideas and is based on project simulation technique. The merits of the proposed approach are illustrated by a case of a repetitive project to erect a number of buildings. The presented example proves that the proposed method enables the planner to estimate the scale of delays of processes’ start and consider the impact of measures to reduce duration of processes in particular locations taken in reaction to delays. Thus, it is possible to determine the optimal schedule, at which the costs of losses associated with delays and downtime are minimal.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Jaskowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sławomir Biruk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Krzeminski
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lublin University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nadbystrzyckastr. 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland

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