Search results

Filters

  • Journals
  • Authors
  • Keywords
  • Date
  • Type

Search results

Number of results: 3
items per page: 25 50 75
Sort by:
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Resistance genes in response to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) infection suppress one or more of several critical steps in nematode parasitism and their reproduction rate. The reaction of seven commercial tomato genotypes to M. javanica infection was investigated under greenhouse conditions. Current results classified these genotypes as: three resistant (Jampakt, Malika and Nema Guard), one moderately resistant (Fayrouz), and three susceptible (Castle Rock, Super Marmande and Super Strain B). Except Nema Guard, nematode infection significantly reduced plant height, fresh and dry weights of shoots of the other tomato genotypes. Leaf area was significantly reduced for all examined tomato genotypes except Malika and Nema Guard. Total chlorophyll was reduced in all tested tomato genotypes except Jampakt. Infection parameters of M. javanica and their population were significantly reduced on all nematode-resistant tomato genotypes compared to the susceptible genotypes. Also, the maturation rate of M. javanica was suppressed in the resistant genotypes compared to the susceptible genotypes. These results were confirmed by histological study that illustrated a delay in nematode development and their maturation. Total phenolic content significantly increased in nematode infected roots of both resistant and susceptible genotypes except Malika. Among non-infected roots, Malika showed the highest level of total phenols while after M. javanica infection, Nema Guard revealed the highest level of total phenols. Among infected roots, the highest level of total phenols was recorded in Castle Rock. These results suggested that using nematode-resistant tomato genotypes could provide an efficient and nonpolluting method to control root-knot nematodes.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Mohamed Youssef Banora
Omar Abd Alhakim Almaghrabi
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Clethodim herbicide (Cle) and three Trichoderma strains (Tri) were applied either alone or in combination (Cle + Tri) for controlling weeds, root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne arenaria) and Rhizoctonia root rot disease (Rhizoctonia solani) as well as for evaluating their effects on total microbial count in the rhizosphere and the number of Rhizobium nodules on roots in two faba bean cultivars cultivated in naturally heavily infested fields. The evaluated characters were very similar for the two tested cultivars (Nubariya 1 and Sakha 3). Treatment with Cle alone highly reduced the fresh and dry matter of tested weeds (Amaranthus viridis, Cynodon dactylon and Cenchrus ciliaris), followed by Cle + Tri and Tri alone. Cle + Tri highly reduced nematode parameters viz. numbers of J2 in soil or roots, females, eggs, galls and egg-masses when compared with each treatment alone. Tri alone caused a great decrease in Rhizoctonia root rot infection, followed by Cle + Tri and Cle alone. Total microbial count and Rhizobium nodules were affected only with Cle treatment. Plant growth parameters (shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight and numbers of branches and leaves) and yield parameters (fresh pod and dry weight, seed number per pod, seed weight and ash pod weight of plant) were greatly improved for Cle + Tri treatments when compared with either Tri or Cle alone.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Mahmoud A.T. El-Dabaa
Hassan Abd-El-Khair
ORCID: ORCID
Wafaa M.A. El-Nagdi
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Meloidogyne arenaria belongs to root-knot nematodes (RKNs) which constitute a group of highly polyphagous nematodes causing serious damages to many crop varieties. Maize ( Zea mays) is one of its main hosts. During plant response to RKN infection, many mechanisms are involved. Pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs), which present many functions and enzymatic activities, such as ribonucleases (RNases), antioxidative enzymes, or proteases are involved in these processes. The aim of this study was to describe changes in peroxidase and RNase activities induced in Z. mays during its response to M. arenaria infection. Moreover, proteins potentially responsible for peroxidase activity were indicated. RNase and peroxidase activities were tested on proteins extracted from roots of healthy plants, M. arenaria infected plants, and healthy plants mixed with M. arenaria juveniles, in native polyacrylamide (PAA) gels. Samples were collected from two varieties of maize at four time points. A selected fraction showing peroxidase activity was excised from the gel and analyzed using mass spectrometry (MS) to determine protein factors responsible for enzymatic activity. As a result, the analyzed varieties showed slight differences in their RNase and peroxidase activities. Higher activity was observed in the Tasty Sweet variety than in the Waza variety. There were no significant differences between healthy and infected plants in RNase activities at all time points. This was in contrast to peroxidase activity, which was the highest in M. arenaria-infected plants 15 days after inoculation. On the basis of protein identification in excised gel fractions using MS it can be assumed that mainly peroxidase 12 is responsible for the observed peroxidase activity. Moreover, peroxidase activity may be presented by glutathione-S-transferase as well.
Go to article

Bibliography


Bajaj K., Singh P., Mahajan R. 1985. Changes induced by Meloidogyne incognita in superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in tomato roots. Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen 180: 543−546. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-3796(85)80102-5
Bariola P.A., Green P.J. 1997. Plant ribonucleases. p. 163−190. In: "Ribonucleases: Structures and Functions” (G. D’Alessio, J.F. Riordan, eds). Academic Press, USA. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1016/B978-012588945-2/50006-6
Bartling D., Radzio R., Steiner U., Weiler E.W. 1993. A glutathione S-transferase with glutathione-peroxidase activity from Arabidopsis thaliana: Molecular cloning and functional characterization. European Journal of Biochemistry 216: 579−586. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18177.x
Blank A., Sugiyama R., Dekker C.A. 1982. Activity staining of nucleolytic enzymes after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: use of aqueous isopropanol to remove detergent from gels. Analytical Biochemistry 120: 267−275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697-(82)90347-5
Bradford M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72: 248−254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697-(76)90527-3
Christensen J.H., Bauw G., Welinder K.G., Van Montagu M., Boerjan W. 1998. Purification and characterization of peroxidases correlated with lignification in poplar xylem. Plant Physiology 118: 125−135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1104/ pp.118.1.125
Edreva A. 2005. Pathogenesis-related proteins: research progress in the last 15 years. General and Applied Plant Physiology 31: 105−124.
Eisenback J.D., Triantaphyllou H.H. 1991. Root-knot nematodes: Meloidogyne species and races. p. 191−274. In: "Manual of Agricultural Nematology" (W.R. Nickle, ed.). CRC Press, USA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003066576
Elling A.A. 2013. Major emerging problems with minor Meloidogyne species. Phytopathology 103: 1092−1102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-01-13-0019-RVW
Filipenko E., Kochetov A., Kanayama Y., Malinovsky V., Shumny V. 2013. PR-proteins with ribonuclease activity and plant resistance against pathogenic fungi. Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research 3: 474−480. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079059713060026
Gheysen G., Fenoll C. 2002. Gene expression in nematode feeding sites. Annual Review of Phytopathology 40: 191−219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.40.121201.093719
Hiraga S., Sasaki K., Ito H., Ohashi Y., Matsui H. 2001. A large family of class III plant peroxidases. Plant and Cell Physiology 42: 462−468. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/ pce061
Holbein J., Grundler F.M., Siddique S. 2016. Plant basal resistance to nematodes: an update. Journal of Experimental Botany 67: 2049−2061. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ erw005
Hussey R. 1973. A comparison of methods of collecting inocula of Meloidogyne spp., including a new technique. Plant Disease Reporter 57: 1025−1028.
Jain D., Khurana J.P. 2018. Role of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins in plant defense mechanism. p. 265−281. In: "Molecular Aspects of Plant-Pathogen Interaction." (A. Singh, I.K. Singh, eds.). Springer, Singapore. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7371-7
Kyndt T., Nahar K., Haegeman A., De Vleesschauwer D., Höfte M., Gheysen G. 2012. Comparing systemic defencerelated gene expression changes upon migratory and sedentary nematode attack in rice. Plant Biology 14: 73−82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00524.x
Mahantheshwara B., Nayak D., Patra M.K. 2019. Protein estimation through biochemical analysis in resistant and susceptible cultivars of cowpea against infection by root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 7 (4): 1191−1193.
MlÝčkovß K., Luhovß L., Lebeda A., Mieslerovß B., Peč P. 2004. Reactive oxygen species generation and peroxidase activity during Oidium neolycopersici infection on Lycopersicon species. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 42: 753−761. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2004.07.007
Mohanty K., Ganguly A., Dasgupta D. 1986. Development of peroxidase (EC 1.11. 1.7) activities in susceptible and resistant cultivars of cowpea inoculated with the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Indian Journal of Nematology 16: 252−256.
Mohsenzadeh S., Esmaeili M., Moosavi F., Shahrtash M., Saffari B., Mohabatkar H. 2011. Plant glutathione S-transferase classification, structure and evolution. African Journal of Biotechnology 10: 8160−8165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.1024
Przybylska A., Kornobis F., Obrępalska-Stęplowska A. 2018. Analysis of defense gene expression changes in susceptible and tolerant cultivars of maize (Zea mays) upon Meloidogyne arenaria infection. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 103: 78−83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2018.05.005
Przybylska A., Obrępalska-Stęplowska A. 2020. Plant defense responses in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous host plants during root-knot nematode infection. Plant and Soil 451: 239–260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04533-0
Siddiqui Z., Husain S. 1992. Response of twenty chickpea cultivars to Meloidogyne incognita race 3. Nematologia Mediterranea 20: 33−36.
Singh N.K., Paz E., Kutsher Y., Reuveni M., Lers A. 2020. Tomato T2 ribonuclease LE is involved in the response to pathogens. Molecular Plant Pathology 21: 895−906. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12928
Veronico P., Paciolla C., Pomar F., De Leonardis S., García- -Ulloa A., Melillo M.T. 2018. Changes in lignin biosynthesis and monomer composition in response to benzothiadiazole and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infection in tomato. Journal of Plant Physiology 230: 40−50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2018.07.013
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Arnika Przybylska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Protection − National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more