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The Sacred in Czechowicz’s Translations of Pavlo Tychyna’s Poetry

Anna Choma-Suwała
Slavia Orientalis | 2023 | vol. LXXII | No 1 | 57-73 | DOI: 10.24425/slo.2023.145197
Keywords Józef Czechowicz Pavlo Tychyna poetry translation sacred
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Abstract

The current article is an attempt at demonstrating the sacred in Tychyna’s poems translated into Polish by Czechowicz. The sphere of the sacred in the works of the Ukrainian poet mainly derives from Christianity and focuses around Biblical motifs and symbols. Pavlo Tychyna (1891‐1967) was one of those Ukrainian writers whose works attracted a lot of attention in the interwar period amongst representatives of Lublin’s literary circles, including Józef Czechowicz, who translated over twenty of his poems from the collections Clarinets of the Sun 1918, The Plow 1920 and Instead of Sonnets and Octaves 1920. The volume Clarinets of the Sun is dominated by man’s harmony with God and the Universe, while in the two subsequent ones religious motifs appear in apocalyptic visions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Choma-Suwała
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Uniwersytet Marii Curie‑Skłodowskiej w Lublinie

The Relics of the Buddha and the Elixir of Immortality – Mythological Parallels

Artur Karp
Rocznik Orientalistyczny/Yearbook of Oriental Studies | 2021 | vol. LXXIV | No 1 | 141-184 | DOI: 10.24425/ro.2021.137249
Keywords relics sacred access participation inheritance privilege exclusion tradition– Buddhist Hindu
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Abstract

This is a preliminary analysis of issues resulting from comparing two images present in the Indian tradition, in their Buddhist (‘device’ guarding the relics of the Buddha) and Epic (‘device’ guarding the Elixir of Immortality) variants. Both images are located within the range of the notions of the sacred. That complicates but does not prevent the reconstruction of ideological messages directed to their prospective recipients. They are illustrated by the fate of the ‘holy substance’ obtained after breaking into and destroying both devices. The first one sanctifies the principles of free access and free participation, the second – of inherited privilege and inherited exclusion.
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Authors and Affiliations

Artur Karp
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Warsaw, Poland

Religious Potential of Contemporary Art

Ks. Andrzej Draguła
Studia Nauk Teologicznych PAN | 2019 | Tom 14 | 43-60 | DOI: 10.31743/snt.2019.14.03
Keywords sacred art religion art icon ecclesiastical art contemporary art
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Abstract

In this paper, the question of religious potential of contemporary art is posed only in relation to visual arts, which contain the concept of religious art. The difficulty in answering it stems from the lack of consensus on the relevant criteria for determining if a given work of art is a religious one. These criteria might include the author’s faith and the religious topic, the liturgical or devotional function, as well as a style that is capable of expressing the sacred. The issue of how these criteria function in contemporary art cannot be answered without taking a closer look at two moments essential for the development of religious art. The first was the Renaissance, when the aesthetic values of a work began to give way to theological determinants. The second was the nineteenth century with its attempts to create a new canon of religious art. Both of these critical moments in the development of sacred art show that the religious potential of art depends on the concomitance of many factors. The main problem is finding a new form, a new style able to express the sacred and engage in dialogue with contemporary art as once the icon would.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ks. Andrzej Draguła

Prefabrication in Władysław Pienkowski’s work as an example of the author’s signature approach to architectural design

Anna Maria Wierzbicka Anita Orchowska Emilian Nagiel
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 355-375 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.140647
Keywords sacred architecture Władysław Pieńkowski prefabrication individual creative approach
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Abstract

This article discusses the use of prefabricated concrete components in the work of the Polish architect Władysław Pienkowski (1907–1991), which are particularly representative of the author’s signature approach to contemporary sacred architecture. The evolution of the prefabricated components used and their properties are presented through the example of 8 churches of his design. They have been analysed in terms of their individual character, the potential to use similar components in a variety of designs and in terms of their aesthetic value. Contemporary and archived photographs, as well as design drawings from the archives of the architect’s family have been used to illustrate the examples. The presented examples prove that the use of prefabricated elements offers a wide range of options in the creation of architecture. Their repetitive nature, when skilfully used, becomes an asset rather than a hindrance in the design of diverse buildings. Drawing attention to this aspect can not only inspire the creation of new buildings, but also contribute to the revitalisation of existing architectural structures.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Maria Wierzbicka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anita Orchowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Emilian Nagiel
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Archicture, ul. Koszykowa 55, 00-659 Warsaw, Poland

The Concept a Cemetery in Memories about Resettlement from the Flood Zone

Iryna Koval-Fuchylo
Slavia Orientalis | 2022 | vol. LXXI | No 3 | 509-525 | DOI: 10.24425/slo.2022.142776
Keywords sacred place folklore of memories nomination of loci nomination of characters commemorative practices
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Abstract

The article is devoted to the concept a cemetery in memoirs about forced relocation from flood zones in Ukraine as a result of the construction of hydroelectric power plants. Fragments about the relocation of cemeteries are given. Studies are folk beliefs, nominative vocabulary for events, loci, characters, subjects, permanent themes and main folklore plots. The following main ideas are highlighted: the impossibility of any complete relocation of a cemetery; interfering with a cemetery contains potential danger and provokes the wrath of the dead; the installation of a tombstone cross restores the sacredness of the tomb, consolidates the resettlement community, and actualizes the memory of its historical past.
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Authors and Affiliations

Iryna Koval-Fuchylo
1
  1. M. Rylsky Institute for Art Folklore Studies and Ethnology of The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Sacred Art in the Face of Secularization Challenges

Ks. Jacek Bramorski
Studia Nauk Teologicznych PAN | 2014 | Tom 9 | 189-207 | DOI: 10.24425/snt.2014.112780
Keywords sacred art secularization new evangelization via pulchritudinis (the way of beauty)
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Abstract

Secular processes are one of the reasons of the contemporary cultural crisis. They influence many aspects of individual and social life which is reflected in the sphere of art. Artistic activity is not only a picture of human existence, but also an expression of longing and desire for what exceeds wordliness. Great masterpieces, in spite of being created many centuries ago, confirm this, as they do not stop to delight us because their creators were inspired by the beauty of Christian faith. The contemporary depar-ture from God takes different forms – from securalizatiom which radically denies the supernatural reality to desecularization with its “new spirituality”, being quite often an indefinite spiritualism in the New Age style. In this perspective, sacred art, instead of surrendering to the secularization pressure, should find its new identity as an im-portant element of the new evangelization. Art as via pulchritudinis is to continue to fulfill its evangelizing mission for modern man who so often loses his way to God. It will then become for us a meaning full of hope which human life receives from the mystery of Christ’s redeeming love.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ks. Jacek Bramorski

Sacrum in hospital complexes – the case of stummer’s hospital in Topoľčany

Katarína Kristiánová
Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury Oddziału Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Krakowie | 2018 | 639–647
Keywords hospital chapels hospital gardens symbolism of trees sacred landscapes
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Abstract

Sacred spaces in hospitals – chapels or sacred gardens, as places of peace and tranquility, address spiritual needs of the patients and their families. The paper examines the elements creating the phenomenon of sacrum in the composition of the historical Stummer`s hospital in Topoľčany. Today the historical hospital complex is not used for its former functions and the question is how to preserve the sacred phenomena in the context of its future new uses.
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarína Kristiánová

On the restoration design of the palace park in Kościelec in Chrzanów and potential threats to the genius loci

Agata Zachariasz
Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury Oddziału Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Krakowie | 2021 | vol. XLIX | 419-448 | DOI: 10.24425/tkuia.2021.138725
Keywords mansion landscape historic park restoration sacred soundscape contemporary threats
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Abstract

This paper presents the palace and park complex in Kościelec, which is currently a district of Chrzanów, and the tangible and intangible values that make up its genius loci, including various forms of the sacred present there. The historical and landscape studies focusing on the structure and a restoration design of the palace, which became a public space, were presented. Cartographic materials allowed for a partial recreation of the complex’s circulation layout and its park interiors. Due to very modest amounts of iconography and source materials, comparative studies were used as well as period garden design manuals. Potential threats to the park and the sphere of the sacred in the event of alterations and changes in use were discussed.
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Bibliography

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Zachariasz, A. ‘Przydatność archiwalnych źródeł kartograficznych dla współczesnych badań krajobrazowych’, Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego, 16/2012, pp. 63–83.
Zachariasz, A. ‘Sacrum i ogród — wzniosłość i genius loci miejsca’, Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego, 22/2013, pp. 113–127.
Zachariasz, A. ‘Zabytkowe ogrody — problemy rewaloryzacji, utrzymania i zarządzania w świetle zaleceń Karty Florenckiej’, Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego, 10/2008, pp. 150–161.
Ziemia chrzanowska i Jaworzno. Monografia, collective work, J. Lewandowska (ed.), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1969.
Ziemia chrzanowska. Jaworzno, collective work, M. Stańko (ed.), Kraków 1967.

CARTOGRAPHIC SOURCES:
Galicia and Bucovina (1861–1864), Second military survey of the Habsburg Empire, 1:28800, Österreichischen Staatsarchivs; http://mapire.eu/en/map/europe_1850, (accessed: 15.02.2017).
Kataster (1848, 1873), Kościelec in Galizien, Krakauer Kreis, 1:2880, original, Galician cadaster, 29/280/0/4.1/479, National Archives in Krakow (hereinafter AN).
Kataster (1848), Kościelec in Galizien, Krakauer Kreis (1848, 1850), 1:2880, coloured lithographic copy, 29/280/0/4.1/481, AN in Krakow.
Kataster (1826), Kościelec, park, cadastral map, 1:2880, black-and-white lithographic copy, AN in Krakow.
Kościelec (1943), zespół pałacowo-parkowy, 11794631@WIG, Mapa Szczegółowa Polski 1:25000 (1929–1939), 1943, http://www.mapywig.org/m/WIG_maps/series/025K_german/48-29_D_Krenau_1943_BWNG_UL.jpg, (accessed: 18.03.2017)

ONLINE SOURCES:
Bromboszcz, S. ‘Chrzanów. Park w Kościelcu wymaga remontu’, Gazeta Krakowska, 4 September 2016, http://www.gazetakrakowska.pl/wiadomosci/malopolska-zachodnia/a/chrzanow-park-w-koscielcu-wymaga-remontu,10582116/, (accessed: 20.05.2017).
Bromboszcz, S. ‘Chrzanów. Ruszyła rozbiórka mogiły żołnierzy radzieckich w Kościelcu’, Gazeta Krakowska, 18 December 2017, http://www.gazetakrakowska.pl/wiadomosci/malopolska-zachodnia/a/chrzanow-ruszyla-rozbiorka-mogily-zolnierzy-radzieckich-w-koscielcu-zdjecia,12779285/, (accessed: 02.2018).
Ekshumacja szczątków żołnierzy radzieckich już w połowie przeprowadzona, 27 January 2018, http://chrzanow.naszemiasto.pl/artykul/ekshumacja-szczatkow-zolnierzy-radziecki-juz-w-polowie,4390270,art,t,id,tm.html, (accessed: 02.2018).
‘Żołnierze rosyjscy spoczywający w Kościelcu doczekali się swojego miejsca na cmentarzu’, Przełom, 28 February 2018, https://przelom.pl/22150-zolnierze-rosyjscy-spoczywajacy-w-koscielcu-doczekali-sie-swojego-miejsca-na-cmentarzu.html?60ba700c9dd92b672db59eb30bf91896, (accessed: 25.07.2021).

LEGAL ACTS:
Miejscowy plan zagospodarowania przestrzennego dla terenu byłego zespołu parkowo-pałacowego w Kościelcu. Dz. Urz. Woj. Małop. (2007), no. 784, item 5157.
Program Rewitalizacji Gminy Chrzanów (2016), Uchwała Nr XXVI/234/2016 Rady Miejskiej w Chrzanowie.
Rejestr pomników przyrody powiatu chrzanowskiego, Dz.Urz. Woj.Małop. (2004), no. 85, item 1086.
Ustawa o Instytucie Pamięci Narodowej (1998), Dz.U. 1998 no. 155 as amended.
Ustawa o cmentarzach i chowaniu zmarłych (1959), Dz.U. 1959, no. 11 item 62 as amended.
Ustawa o ochronie przyrody (2004), Dz.U. 2004 no. 92 item 880 as amended
Ustawa o ochronie zabytków i opiece nad zabytkami (2003), Dz.U. 2003 no. 162 item 1568 as amended

UNPUBLISHED WORKS:
Anyszek, E. (1956), Zespół pałacowy w Kościelcu, term project, typescript, Archiwum Katedry Architektury Krajobrazu Wydziału Architektury Politechniki Krakowskiej.
Chrzanowski, T. (1968), Karta ewidencyjna zabytków architektury i budownictwa (so-called white chart), Archiwum Wojewódzkiego Małopolskiego Konserwatora Zabytków w Krakowie, hereinafter Archiwum WMKZ.
Górski, B. (1996), Koncepcja programowo-przestrzenna przebudowy zabytkowego założenia parkowego Chrzanów – Kościelec, Kraków, Archiwum UM Chrzanów.
Kosielski, J. (1980), Ewidencja parku w Chrzanowie Kościelcu, Kraków, typescript, Archiwum WMKZ.
Witosławska, M. (architektura), (2016), Projekt rewaloryzacji parku w Kościelcu. Etap I — Konserwacja renowacja i odtworzenie muru, konserwacja figury, projekt ścieżek parkowych oraz przebudowa schodów, Archiwum UM Chrzanów.
Zacharias, J. (2016), Inwentaryzacja zieleni i gospodarka zielenią dla parku pałacowego w Kościelcu, unpublished work, Pracownia Zieleni Kraków, Archiwum UM Chrzanów.
Zachariasz, A., Szar, K., Szar, J., (2017) Projekt rewaloryzacji parku pałacowego w Kościelcu w Chrzanowie. Etap II — projekt zieleni z uproszczonym studium historyczno-kompozycyjnym, by Hydroplant 2017, in the author’s archive.

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Authors and Affiliations

Agata Zachariasz
1
  1. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture

The Theory of Bounded Ethicality and knowledge of human motivation systems

Janusz Reykowski
Nauka | 2022 | No 4 | 59-75 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2022.142920
Keywords motivation self cognitive bias group forces sacred values
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Abstract

The Theory of Bounded Ethicality postulates that in situations involving consequences for self and/or others people make ethical decisions that bring self- -oriented motivational forces to bear on decision-making. These ethical decisions are biased by a stubborn view of oneself, as moral, competent, and deserving and thus, not susceptible to conflicts of interest. People unconsciously favor this particular vision of the self being unaware of data that may contradict it. This conception of ethical decision making seems to imply that self-oriented motivation plays a dominant role in regulation of human behavior. But there are good theoretical reasons for questioning this view. In the paper, I describe three different research programs that may illustrate operation of the three different motivational systems – only one of them seems to corresponds with the Bounded Ethicality model. It means that that “bounded ethicality“ may appear in pure form in specific situations – when self system is activated by specific egxogenous and endogenous factors while other systems are not remain in the latent state.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Reykowski
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. członek korespondent PAN
  2. Instytut Psychologii PAN, Warszawa

A Bunch of Body and Blood – Tennessee Williams’ Suddenly Last Summer

Joanna Majewska
Nauka | 2021 | No 4 | 117-139 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2021.137646
Keywords american theatre Tennessee Williams Suddenly Last Summer psychoanalysis cruelty the sacred and the profane homoeroticism
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Abstract

The article presents Tennessee Williams’ play Suddenly Last Summer (1958) which is little-known in Poland. It was written while the playwright started to undergo a psychoanalytic therapy and is commonly considered as one of his most personal plays. The author of the article puts the play in the context of Williams family life, especially his sister’s mental disorder (which lead to unsuccessful lobotomy), his relationship with his mother and his father and his own mental health problems. An important theme of the play is cruelty, present as well in other Williams dramatic works (for example Orpheus Descending or Sweet Bird of Youth) and evident particularly in a short story Desire and the Black Masseur written shortly before famous A Streetcar Named Desire. Another theme is the sacred, often present in Williams’ work as a reference both to Christianity and ancient pagan rituals.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Majewska
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Akademia Teatralna w Warszawie

Sacred places in public open green areas

Monika Trojanowska
Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury Oddziału Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Krakowie | 2018 | 419–429
Keywords public open green areas sacred places therapeutic parks universal patterns of design
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Abstract

W artykule zaprezentowano różne wzory projektowania sacrum w zielonych przestrzeniach publicznych, jak również Uniwersalny wzorzec parku o właściwościach terapeutycznych. Jako przykład omówiono kompleks zielonych przestrzeni publicznych w Wejherowie, utworzony przez Kalwarię Wejherowską i Park im. A. Majkowskiego.
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Authors and Affiliations

Monika Trojanowska

Pre-Nicene Theology and Its Relevance

Ks. Krzysztof Witko
Studia Nauk Teologicznych PAN | 2013 | Tom 8 | 133-149 | DOI: 10.24425/snt.2013.112761
Keywords Jesus Christ paschal mystery Church Fathers Judaism hellenistic culture gnosis theology before Nicea Apostolic Tradition Sacred Scripture typological exegesis Christian life Christian testimony martyrdom
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Abstract

This paper focuses on three issues. First, it is about the context and environment of pre-Nicene theology. It is emphasized that pre-Nicene theology did not neglect ca-techetical and liturgical reflection (ad intra) while at the same time successfully ente-red into a critical and creative dialogue with both the Semitic and Greco-Roman world where first Christians lived (ad extra). For contemporary theology its means that it cannot reject historical reasoning, placed in space and time. The second part stresses that, in spite of different situations and all historical and cultural contexts, theology before Nicea was above all an understanding of Sacred Scripture to which the key is the Risen Christ as the source and definitive fulfilment of the inspired writings. Finally, the third part of the paper focuses on the existential and spiritual experience from which pre-Nicene theology originated. For this theology the Gospel of Christ is not just the rule of faith but also the rule of life. This leads to a conclusion that a contem-porary theologian is a to take up an existential-personalistic reflection on Revelation using the historical-hermeneutic method .

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Authors and Affiliations

Ks. Krzysztof Witko

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