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Number of results: 30
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Abstract

Endopolyploidy is a condition of a cell containing reduplicated genetic material in its nucleus. Cells with the nuclei of different ploidy levels are often present within a single polysomatic organism. Endoreduplication is thus a modified cell cycle that omits cytokinesis and leads to chromatin replication in the endopolyploid cells. This study aimed to research the effect of salinity on endopolyploidy of Trifolium pratense and T. repens. Both species are important pasture legumes and belong to the genus Fabaceae with the well documented endopolyploidy occurence. Endopolyploidy levels in the seedlings treated with 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mM NaCl were investigated by flow cytometry. The seedling organs were evaluated during three ontogeny stages. The cytometric data plotted on a histogram showed the presence of 2C-16C nuclei in T. pratense and 2C-8C in T. repens. The hypothesis that salinity induces additional endocycles was not confirmed. Our results show that the distribution of nuclei among ploidy levels does not differ markedly between the treatment groups and the control ones. Additionally, only minor changes were observed among the endoreduplication indexes (EI) of plant organs after exposure to various salt concentrations. Endopolyploidy patterns within the salt-treated seedlings during ontogeny are similar to the controls. We suggest that endopolyploidy in Trifolium species is a conserved genetic trait, rather than an adaptation to salinity stress. The analyses of the roots of T'. pratense at stage III show that with the increased concentrations of NaCl the length of roots decreased, but no evident changes in endopolyploidy occured.

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Authors and Affiliations

V Kocova
D Bubanova
A Rakai
V Kolarcik
P Martonfi
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Abstract

Scarcity of fresh water resources is the major constraint for agricultural development in Iran as in many other regions with arid and semi-arid climate. With the pressure on fresh water resources, the use of un-conventional water resources including brackish, saline and sewage water has received greater attentions in recent years. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of farmers' practices using saline groundwater on wheat yield and soil salinity in a Mediterranean cli-mate of Fars province in southern Iran. The study was carried out in several commercial wheat production regions for two years. Chemical analysis of irrigation waters, volume of applied irrigation water, electrical conductivity of soil saturation extract (ECe) and yield were measured in each field. General information on agronomic practices was also collected using a questionnaire. Results demonstrate that waters with salinities higher than what has been classified as “suitable for irriga-tion” are being used for the production of wheat crop. Analysis of wheat yield response to saline irrigation water showed that for water salinities up to 10.7 mS∙cm–1 (threshold value) variation in yield was relatively minor, above which wheat yield decreased at a greater rate. Root zone salinity profiles showed the effect of winter rainfall in reducing soil salinity. It is concluded that although acceptable yields are obtained with some of the highly brackish waters, over application of these waters would threaten the sustainability of crop production in the region.

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Authors and Affiliations

Seyed A.M. Cheraghi
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Abstract

The research was set up in the Neretva River valley in the Southern part of Croatian Karst area, where implementation of modern hydrotechnical practices within the river catchment’s area led to intrusion of seawater to groundwater resulting in soil salinization in the delta. The region has great agro-ecological potential for intensive production of vegetables and Mediterranean fruits. Since the combination of the effects of saline groundwater and the use of this water for irrigation may have disastrous effects on the productivity of agricultural soils water, a project was started in order to set up a permanent monitoring network. The aim of this study was to determine the salt dynamics in the surface water on five locations which are considered as potential sources of the irrigation water (Modric canal, Neretva River near Opuzen, Crepina, Jasenska and Vidrice pumping station) during a 4-year period (1999–2002). The surface water samples had been collected on monthly basis and analyzed for all parameters required in the irrigation water quality classification. The results show considerable spatial and temporal variability of determined parameters. Thus, in the Neretva River near Opuzen, total salt concentrations in water ranged from 0.4 to 7.7 dS·m–1, and in Modric from 1.65 up to17.2 dS·m–1. Dominant cations and anions on all observed locations were Na+ and Cl–. Constantly high concentration of Na+ in sampled surface waters is of a special concern. Utilization of the water of such quality may cause problems related to the use of alkaline waters for irrigation, which can further cause permanent loss of fertile soil.

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Authors and Affiliations

Davor Romić
Monika Zovko
Marija Romić
Gabrijel Ondrašek
Zoran Salopek
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Abstract

The aquifer system of the Remila plain (Khenchela, Algeria), covering 250 km2, is one of the semiarid regions where groundwater is heavily exploited for urban supply and irrigation. An integrated hydrochemical and statistical analysis was performed on 70 water samples to identify the main processes and the origin of salinisation of our waters. Chemical analyses indicate salinity values (TDS) ranging from 568 to 1586 mg·dm–3 with an average of 869 mg·dm–3, with sulphate being the dominant ions, especially in the north and northeastern parts of the region. The identified chemical facies are SO4-Cl-Ca in the northeastern part, SO4-Cl-Ca-Mg present in most waters, and HCO3- Ca-Mg in the southeastern part.
We applied the statistical approach to group the waters into three categories using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA); 1) saline waters (23%) (TDS > 1000 mg·dm–3 and SO42– dominance), 2) moderately saline waters (51%) with HCO3– dominance, 3) moderately saline waters (26%) with a mixed facies. The binary ion diagrams used suggest that the main hydrochemical processes are: evaporites dissolution and/or precipitation, accompanied by an exchange and/or reverse exchange of ions. Additionally, another process was detected in the northeastern part of the area; the saline intrusion of Sabkha waters, favoured by intensive aquifer exploitation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Laiche Aouidane
1
Mohamed Belhamra
2
Asma Kheddouma
3

  1. University of Abbes Laghrour Khenchela, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Route de Batna; Boîte Postale 1252 Khenchela, 40004 Khenchela, Algeria
  2. University of Mohamed Khider, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biskra, Algeria
  3. University of Abbes Laghrour Khenchela, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Algeria
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Abstract

This paper presents the impact of salinisation on the aquatic mollusc fauna in flooded mine subsidences in the Karvina region (Czech Republic). The results of the previous research on salinity in flooded mine subsidences show that some of them contain a high content of dissolved inorganic substances (above 1000 mg·l-1). These substances can affect the vegetation and animals occurring in the water and the surrounding area. The phylum of Mollusca was selected as a model group for the fieldwork as it includes species with the proven bioindication potential.

The occurrence of aquatic mollusc species was studied at 10 sites. The sites were selected based on the content of dissolved substances (the salinity gradient from <500 to >1000 mg·l-1. A total of 12 aquatic mollusc species were found, including one species identified as a potential bioindicator of the negative effect of salinisation on aquatic biota.

The analysis showed statistically significant positive correlations between the content of dissolved inorganic substances and the presence of alien species Potamopyrgus antipodarum (J.E. Gray, 1843). The gradient of salinity significantly affects the species composition of the mollusc fauna in flooded mine subsidences and may affect the biodiversity of this group.

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Authors and Affiliations

Kamila Kašovská
Łukasz Pierzchała
Edyta Sierka
Barbara Stalmachová
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Abstract

The distribution of lignite deposits in Poland turns out to be closely related to tectonic boundaries and the occurrence of salt deposits. What mechanism underlies the connection between these elements?
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Urbański
1
Jacek Kasiński
1

  1. Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute
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Abstract

The suitability of a new wireless smart farming system for controlling irrigation and fertilization of horticultural plants was assessed in the study. The system (name: AGREUS®) includes sensors (soil moisture, salinity, weather data), executive modules (valve modules), and an application available on the web portal (accessed through computers and mobile devices). The studies were performed under laboratory and field conditions. Laboratory tests included appraisal of the precision of soil moisture and salinity measurements carried out with the soil probe (comparison with the results obtained by laboratory methods). Operational tests were conducted in field trials. In these trials, assessment of the possibility of practical control of irrigation and monitoring soil salinity was performed in an apple orchard. The conducted analyses have shown the usefulness of the system, not only for automatic control of irrigation but also for making decisions about the necessity to fertilize plants. The system enables continuous monitoring of changes in soil moisture and salinity, including the migration of minerals across the soil profile (using a probe with several measuring elements) as a result of the applied irrigation or rainfall. The system allows for automatic application of irrigation or fertigation depending on the adopted soil moisture and salinity thresholds. However, the tests showed that a salinity index calculated by the system does not directly correspond to the salinity values determined by laboratory methods. For this reason individual interpretation and determination of optimal ranges for plants is required.
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Authors and Affiliations

Waldemar Treder
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Klamkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Tryngiel-Gać
1
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Wójcik
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
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Abstract

The rainfall irregularity in the Al-Hoceima area places the Ghis-Nekor coastal aquifer as a primary resource for water supply. However, it is of paramount priority to adopt management and optimization plans that can mitigate the effects of the irrational use of the resource and the deterioration of its quality in the region of our study. In order to study the alteration aspects of this aquifer, 26 wells were sampled and their suitability for irrigation was assessed. The sodium adsorption rate (SAR) values indicate that most groundwater samples fall into the risk classes of high salinity and low sodium (C3-S1) and high salinity and medium sodium (C3-S2). The results also show a medium to high alkalinity risk due to the high concentration of HCO3–. The excess of salts is largely due to the intensive exploitation of groundwater and to the phenomenon of salt-water intrusion into the coastal karst aquifer. As a result, the quality of groundwater is not adapted to sustainable agricultural production and soil balance, which requires controlled monitoring to ensure its rational use with a view to the sustainable development of the region.
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Authors and Affiliations

Said Benyoussef
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Mourad Arabi
3
ORCID: ORCID
Hossain El Ouarghi
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mohammad Ghalit
4
ORCID: ORCID
Yassine El Yousfi
2
ORCID: ORCID
Maryam Azirar
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ali Ait Boughrous
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Moulay Ismaïl, Faculty of Science and Technology Errachidia, Department of Biology, Research team: Biology, Environment and Health, Meknes, Morocco
  2. Abdelmalek Essaadi University, National School of Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Sciences, Al Hoceima, Morocco
  3. Mohamed First University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Laboratory of the Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology, and Environment, P.B. 717, Oujda, Morocco
  4. Mohammed Premier University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Mineral and Analytical Solid Chemistry, Oujda, Morocco
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Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of hypertonic saline solution (HSS) as a novel treatment of acute ruminal lactic acidosis (ARLA) in cattle, focusing on urinary excretion of acids. Twelve cannulated steers were submitted to experimentally induced ARLA by adminis- tering sucrose into the rumen. Twenty hours later, the cattle were randomly divided into two equal groups. The first group was treated with 7.5% HSS (5 mL/kg) over 15 min, and isotonic saline solution (ISS; 20 mL/kg) for the subsequent 165 minutes. The control group was administered ISS instead of HSS. Rumen and urine samples were collected at different times during the experiment from the baseline to 64 h post-induction. The induction caused a medium-to-moderate ruminal acidosis, and a moderate degree of systemic acidosis and dehydration. Steers treated with HSS increased by 50% its glomerular filtration rate (1.61 mL/min) compared to ISS group (1.06 mL/ min; p<0.03). The overall volume of urine excreted by HSS group was higher than that in ISS group (1.62 L vs 0.7 L; p<0.02). This increase in total volume of urine provided by HSS favored a greater excretion of H+ ions in urine, which was 3.39-fold higher in HSS group (64.3*10-7 vs 18.9*10-7 Mol) as well as lactate (241.7 vs 181.8 mMol) and P urinary excretion (3.8 vs 1.1 mMol) that reduced the urine pH (5.3 vs 5.7). Only the HSS group decreased significantly blood total lactic acid concentration (20.3 %) throughout the treatment. A positive relationship was found between the excretion of urinary phosphorus and urinary pH (r2=0.562). The results showed that this novel treatment with HSS enhanced renal excretion of acids and may be recommended as an additional treatment for cattle with lactic acidosis.

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Authors and Affiliations

F.A.M.L. Rodrigues
A.H.H. Minervino
R.A. Barrêto Júnior
L.F. Reis
R.N.F. Ferreira
C.S. Mori
F.L.C. Oliveira
R.S. Sousa
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Abstract

Measurements of water temperature and salinity were carried out at 38 oceanographic stations at Admiralty Bay in the period between December 1978 and February 1979. The temperature at the water surface ranged from 0.18°C to 2.81 °C and salinity from 16.40 to 34.16‰. Deeper water temperature decreased and salinity increased ranging at the bottom, at the depth of 480 m, from —0.23°C to 26°C and from 34.51‰ to 34.57‰, respectively. The investigations at the shore and offshore stations showed a marked effect of the run-offs from glaciers causing a considerable decrease in salinity of the thin surface layer of the waters. The main area of the Bay is characterized by high uniformity of water temperature and salinity, which proves that these waters are well mixed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zygmunt Szafrański
Maciej Lipski
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Abstract

Results of measurements of temperature and salinity of surface waters of the Hornsund (South Spitsbergen) carried out at a coastal point of the Isbjornhamna Bay during the winter expedition 1979/80 of the Polish Academy of Sciences are discussed. Courses of both parameters, their variability, mean values and distributions are analyzed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sławomir Swerpel
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Abstract

Potok Golawiecki (a river in the province of Silesia) is polluted in a way typical for the Upper Silesian industrial zone. It is the river into which the Ziemowit coal mine discharges its salt waters and it also receives municipal sewage. Changes in the values of selected indicators ofwater quality for Potok Golawiecki along its course were determined in the paper. It was found that the hydrochcmical character of the water in Potok Goławiecki depended strongly on salt water discharges from mines, which were the main factor disturbing the river's natural environment. The pollution of the river makes its water non-potable, and excludes its use even in industry
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Authors and Affiliations

Beata Jabłońska
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The increasing salinity of water in reservoirs is caused by climate change. On the other hand, an increase in salinity promotes the group species, halophytes that tolerate or need NaCl for growth. The aim of this study was to identify the response of facultative halophytes’ photosynthetic apparatus efficiency ( PE) to water salinity. The study covered the spiny water nymph ( Najas marina L.) population in four mining subsidence reservoirs. Najas marina is a facultative halophyte which means that it can occur in both fresh and salt water. This plant has the characteristics of the species invasive, such as rapid biomass growth, and wide ecological tolerance. Water salinity, described by conductivity, in the reservoirs ranged from 646 to 3061 μS∙cm –1. PE was expressed in terms of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, which were collected in situ using a Pocket PEA device. Water parameters using a YSI ProDSS probe were identified. Data analysis was performed using OJIP test and s the non-parametric Spearman’s rank test (p ≤ 0.05). The relationship between chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and water parameters showed that conductivity, salinity, water clarity, and nitrate content statistically significantly affected PE (p <0.05). Generally, the higher salinity e.g. more than 3000 μS∙m –1, supports PE of facultative halophyte at the stage of optimum development in the vegetation season.
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Authors and Affiliations

Edyta Sierka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Bujok
1
ORCID: ORCID
Barbara Stalmachova
2
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Horaczek
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Jagiellońska St. 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
  2. VSB Technical University of Ostrava, Institute of Environmental Engineering, VŠB, Ostrava, Czech Republic
  3. Institute of Technology and Life Sciences - National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland
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Abstract

The article presents research data on the amount of salts in the irrigated soils of the Mughan-Salyan massif, their composition, water-salt regime, and their forecast. It was found that the soils on the territory of the massif were saline to varying degrees. In general, the area of non-saline soils in the massif is 125,650 ha, mildly – 272,070 ha, moderately – 210,560 ha, highly – 125,850 ha, very highly – 109,450 ha and saline soils – 27,520 ha. The absorbed bases in the soils of the massif were studied, and it was determined that they change depending on the amount of salts as follows: in mildly saline soils, Ca – 57.82–68.31%, Mg – 25.26–36.28%, Na – 5.49–6.43%; in moderately saline soils – 56.77–65.76%, 27.03–35.58%, 7.12–7.94%, respectively; in highly saline areas – 54.05–64.75%, 24.94–43.67% and 9.19– 14.42%. As you can see, the soils are mildly and moderately saline.
The soils in the surveyed areas are saline to varying degrees (i.e., the average value of salts in the 0–100 cm layer of the soil varies between 0.25 and 1.00%). The biological product used in these soils contains a wide range of macro and microelements, humic acids, fulvic acids, amino acids, vitamins and enzymes that do not contain BioEcoGum mineral fertilisers. This biological product was used for the first time and one of the main goals was to study the improvement of water-physical properties of soils after its use. Therefore, the water-salt regime of the soils of the study area was studied on three experimental sites selected for the area, the number of irrigations for different plants, and their norms were determined taking into account the depth of groundwater in the soils and shown in tabular form. They are widely used in farms and these regions, taking into account the proposed irrigation norms and their quantity.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mustafa Mustafayev
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zulfiya Tukenova
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mereke Alimzhanova
3
ORCID: ORCID
Kazhybek Ashimuly
4
ORCID: ORCID
Farid Mustafayev
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of Azerbaijan National Academy of Science, M. Rahim St, 5, AZ10073, Baku, Azerbaijan Republic
  2. Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Department of UNESCO in Sustainable Development, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
  3. Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Thermal Physics and Technical Physics, Department of Physics and Technology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
  4. Scientific Production Center of Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Abstract

The objective of this paper is to study the hydrochemical characteristics of Lake Dayet Erroumi (Khemisset, Morocco). Three sampling campaigns were carried out in April, July and November 2019. The temperature, pH and electrical conduct-ivity were measured in situ using Hanna Instruments HI 98280. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, carbonate, bicar-bonate and chloride were analysed by the volumetric method. The atomic absorption technique was used to determine sodium, potassium, nitrate and sulphate. The physico-chemical analysis of the water indicates that the pH is basic. The nitrate and sulphate concentrations show that the water is of good quality according to Moroccan surface water guidelines. Furthermore, the hydrochemical facies of water is of the sodium-chloride type according to the Piper diagram. The value of the electrical conductivity indicates that the lake water has high salinity. The high mineralization of water is explained by the leaching from evaporitic rocks in the region. The principal component analysis shows that the spatial and temporal variation in salinity constitutes the major phenomenon of the hydrochemical characteristics of this lake. Salinity varies inversely with the pH value. The salinity of the water is controlled by abiotic factors (rain and evaporation). However, other parameters (pH, nitrate, carbonate and bicarbonate) depend on biotic factors. Evaporation plays a crucial role in the seasonal variation of the water chemical composition. During wet seasons, the mineralization of water decreases due to dilution by rainwater and the water level of the lake rises (high water period). During dry seasons, lake water evaporates and consequently the mineralization of the water increases, which explains the increase in salinity during the low water period.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mohamed El Qryefy
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jamila Ouardi
2
Mohamed Najy
1
ORCID: ORCID
Driss Belghyti
1
ORCID: ORCID
Khadija El Kharrim
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University Ibn Tofail, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Campus Universitaire B.P. 242, 14000 Kenitra, Morocco
  2. Regional Centre for Careers of Education and Training, CRMEF Casablanca-Settat, Morocco
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Abstract

Dramatic population and economic growth result in increasing demand for concrete infrastructure, which leads to an increment of freshwater demand and a reduction of freshwater resources. However, freshwater is a finite resource, which means that freshwater will be used up someday in the future when freshwater demand keeps increasing while freshwater resources are limited. Therefore, replacing freshwater with seawater in concrete blending seems potentially beneficial for maintaining the freshwater resources as well as advantageous alternatives to the construction work near the sea. There have been few experimental research on the effect of blending water salt content on the mechanical and physical characteristics of concrete, particularly high-strength concrete. Therefore, a research study on the influence of salt concentration of blending water on the physical and mechanical properties of high-strength concrete is necessary. This study covered the blending water salinity, which varied from 17.5 g/L to 52.5 g/L and was determined on the physical and mechanical properties, including workability, density, compressive strength, and flexural strength. The test results indicate that the use of sea salt in blending water had a slight negative influence on both the workability and the density of high strength concrete. It also indicates that the use of sea salt in blending water had a positive influence on both the compressive strength and the flexural strength of high-strength concrete in an earlystage.
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Authors and Affiliations

R.A. Razak
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
K. Yen Ng
2
ORCID: ORCID
M.M. Al Bakri Abdullah
1 3
ORCID: ORCID
Z. Yahya
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
R. Mohamed
1
ORCID: ORCID
K. Muthusamy
4
ORCID: ORCID
W.A.W. Jusoh
5
ORCID: ORCID
M. Nabiałek
6
ORCID: ORCID
B. Jeż
7
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Geopolymer and Green Technology, Center of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Kangar, Malaysia
  2. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Perlis, Malaysia
  3. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology Perlis, Malaysia
  4. Malaysia Pahang, Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Pahang Malaysia
  5. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
  6. Częstochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Department of Physics, 19 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
  7. Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Technology and Automation, 19c Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
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Abstract

This paper presents laboratory analyses of the influence of an acidic environment, salinity and temperature change are able to exert on the geomechanical properties of the opoka-rocks. This rock material, deriving from four sites in East–Central Poland, was found to be variously resistant to factors like the destructive action of water-soluble salts and the effects of an acidic environment, on account of the actuallydiverse nature of the rocks in question. Ultimately, the work offered a basis for a distinction to be drawn between the light opoka-rocks present at the Annopol and KazimierzWielki sites, and the heavy opoka-rocks from Bochotnica and Krasnobród, in terms of both textural and physical-mechanical features. The heavy opoka-rocks from Krasnobród proved least resistant to an acidic environment, which left strength reduced significantly. This kind of rock also experiences both an increase in porosity and absorbability and a decrease in weight. Furthermore, the influence of an acidic environment on aesthetic features of the examined rocks was in all cases negative, salts formed a patina on surfaces that obscured original structural and textural features. None of the tested types of rock presented resistance to the crystallization pressure such salt is able to exert.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Pękala
1
ORCID: ORCID
Filip Puch
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Al.Powstanców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
  2. Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Architecture, ul. Poznanska 2, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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Abstract

SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was used to study the effect of NaCl on protein expression in two cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.): Edkawi (salt-tolerant) and Castle rock (salt-sensitive). Five-day-old seedlings were grown on MS agar media supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 300 mM NaCl. Two days after treatment the seedlings were examined to determine the effect of salt on their growth and to relate that to protein banding variations. Gel analysis showed differences in at least 4 protein bands with molecular weights at 20, 25, 45 and 65 kDa. These proteins were induced in the 50 mM NaCl treatment in the salt-sensitive cultivar, then decreasing to undetectability at higher concentrations. In the salt-tolerant cultivar, most of the proteins exhibited a more or less steady expression pattern and maintained expression through the 200 mM NaCl treatment. All proteins gave weak or no expression signals at 300 mM NaCl, the treatment that proved lethal. Differentially expressed bands were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The putative function of each identified protein in relation to salt stress is discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Noha S. Khalifa
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Abstract

A number of technologies is developed that substitute simple metal cores in the high-pressure casting technology. Soluble cores, namely

on the salt basis, represent the highest prospect. The contribution gives the results of the production of salt cores by high-pressure

squeezing and shooting with using a binder. Special attention is paid to the shape of NaCl salt crystals with additives and the influence on

strength properties of cores. A technology of bonding the salt cores is developing. Salinity of circulating water is studied and it is checked

with the aid of electrical conductance.

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Authors and Affiliations

P. Jelínek
J. Beňo
E. Adámková
F. Mikšovský
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Abstract

Nowadays, hydrogen is considered a potential successor to the current fossil-fuel-based energy. Within a few years, it will be an essential energy carrier, and an economy based on hydrogen will require appropriate hydrogen storage systems. Due to their large capacity, underground geological structures (deep aquifers, depleted hydrocarbon fields, salt caverns) are being considered for hydrogen storage. Their use for this purpose requires an understanding of geological and reservoir conditions, including an analysis of the preparation and operation of underground hydrogen storage. The results of hydrogen injection and withdrawal modeling in relation to the deep Lower Jurassic, saline aquifer of the Konary geological structure (trap) are presented in this paper. A geological model of the considered structure was built, allowable pressures were estimated, the time period of the initial hydrogen filling of the underground storage was determined and thirty cycles of underground storage operations (gas injection and withdrawal) were simulated. The simulations made it possible to determine the essential parameters affecting underground hydrogen storage operation: maximum flow rate of injected hydrogen, total capacity, working gas and cushion gas capacity. The best option for hydrogen storage is a two-year period of initial filling, using the least amount of cushion gas. Extracted water will pose a problem in relation to its disposal. The obtained results are essential for the analysis of underground hydrogen storage operations and affect the economic aspects of UHS in deep aquifers.
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Luboń
1
ORCID: ORCID
Radosław Tarkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland

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