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Abstract

A data warehouse (DW) is a large centralized database that stores data integrated from multiple, usually heterogeneous external

data sources (EDSs). DW content is processed by so called On-Line Analytical Processing applications, that analyze business trends, discover anomalies and hidden dependencies between data. These applications are part of decision support systems. EDSs constantly change their content and often change their structures. These changes have to be propagated into a DW, causing its evolution. The propagation of content changes is implemented by means of materialized views. Whereas the propagation of structural changes is mainly based on temporal extensions and schema evolution, that limits the application of these techniques. Our approach to handling the evolution of a DW is based on schema and data versioning. This mechanism is the core of, so called, a multiversion data warehouse. A multiversion DW is composed of the set of its versions. A single DWversion is in turn composed of a schema version and the set of data described by this schema version. Every DW version stores a DW state which is valid within a certain time period. In this paper we present: (1) a formal model of a multiversion data warehouse, (2) the set of operators with their formal semantics that support a DW evolution, (3) the impact analysis of the operators on DW data and user analytical queries. The presented formal model was a basis for implementing a multiversion DW prototype system.

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Authors and Affiliations

B. Bębel
Z. Królikowski
R. Wrembel
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Abstract

The paper presents an overview of shaping of cable-stayed bridges. Historical background, basic static sketches and overview of selected bridges are included. Selected natural solutions and interesting unrealized projects were presented. Basic ideas and most important principals are discussed. The examples and sketches were given an author’s comment. Static diagrams of two pylon structures with three variants of the arrangement of cables are presented. The details important for the structure were discussed and the consequences of choosing the variant were indicated. Mono-pylon structures in asymmetric and symmetrical arrangements are shown. the solutions are discussed and the details important for the structure are indicated. An overviewof multi-pylon structures is also presented, paying attention to important details. All the discussed static diagrams were enriched with realized examples. The advantages and disadvantages of individual structural solutions are presented. The main ideas allowing to achieve the goal in the implementation of non-standard suspended structures were also indicated.
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Bibliography

[1] W. Podolny and J.B. Scalzi, “Construction and design of cable-stayed bridges”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1976.
[2] M. Troitski, “Cable-stayed bridges”, BSP Professional Books, 1988.
[3] K. Roik, A. Gert, and U. Weyer, “Schrägseilbrücken”, Ernst & Sohn, Verlag für Architektur und Technische Wissenschaften, Berlin, 1986.
[4] F. Leonhardt, “Bridges”, Deutsche Verlag-Anstalt, 1984.
[5] H. Svensson, “Cable-stayed bridges”, 40 Years of Experience Wordlwide, Ernst and Sohn, 2012.
[6] J. Biliszczuk, “Cable-stayed bridges”, Design and Realization, Arkady, 2005.
[7] J. Szczygieł, “Reinforced and prestressed bridges”, WKiŁ, 1972.
[8] J. Biliszczuk, “Bridges in the history of Poland”, DWE, 2017.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Żółtowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ul. Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Abstract

The object of analysis in the paper is semantic extension of a lexical unit. In order to approach it, the author chooses one of the cognitive linguistics theories – Cognitive Grammar (Langacker 1987; 1990; 2000a; 2000b; 2008, etc.). Two of the issues of semantic extension are emphasised. First, it is the grounding of semantic extension in the encyclopaedic knowledge shared by the interlocutors and second, the emergence of the schema implied by the relation of extension. The paper begins with an outline of the postulates of Cognitive Grammar, which are subsequently applied to an analysis of the French lexical unit corps [body], whose extended senses are found in the domain of the structure of musical instruments. In the conclusion the author discusses the dimensions of complexity of the process of semantic extension, one of which is a chain of relations based on metonymy and metaphor.
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Authors and Affiliations

Barbara Taraszka-Drożdż
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Abstract

The study explored the impact of experimental manipulation of body schema on creative potential in midadolescence. The experiment was conducted in a group of 140 adolescents at the age of 14-16: 68 boys (M = 15.03; SD = .93) and 72 girls (M = 15.01; SD = .81), randomly allocated to equinumerous groups: experimental and control. The aim of experimental manipulation was to obtain a temporarily disturbance of body schema. It was gained by the use of glasses reversing the field of vision in the vertical up/down plane, and measured by the Body Schema Disturbance Questionnaire. In both groups the Urban and Jellen’s Test for Creative Thinking – Drawing Production (TCT-DP, Urban & Jellen, 1986) was administered twice (in A and B versions, randomly selected). Statistical analyses was run with a mixed model ANOVA (2 drawings x 2 groups x 2 sexes). The interaction effect of drawing production and group assignment on creative potential was significant, while the interaction effect of drawing production and sex on creative potential turned out to be insignificant.
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Authors and Affiliations

Beata Mirucka
1
Monika Kisielewska
1

  1. Faculty of Education, University of Bialystok
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Abstract

The analysis of the Italian preposition su in spatial contexts (static, involving undirectional movement or dynamic) leads to the conclusion that su engenders support and contiguity schema interpretation in whatever context it appears. The term support implies terms such as surface and contiguity (contact). In both static and dynamic contexts the location of a trajector is visualized as contigously situated on the surface of the landmark. In both cases the landmark is an idealized plane whose boundaries are perceptively unimportant in a given configuration, even though in the real world they are clearly cut. The boundaries, which are not focalized, render possible the temporal uses of the unit su with the meaning of an approximate location in time.

The Polish equivalents of su phrases are the following: na+loc, na+acc, po+loc, około(koło)+gen. The structures na+loc, na+acc involve the support and contiguity schema. The construction około(koło) +gen can be analyzed with near – far schema and applies to the approximate location in space and time in Polish. The schematic meaning is conveyed not only by prepositional units but also by inflectional case governed by prepositions. Usually such a case is convergent with dynamic (accusative) or static (locative, genitive) predication.

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Authors and Affiliations

Maria Malinowska

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