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Abstract

Two flour types (unpolished flour and polished one) and flour textures (grits and fine) of five cereal grains made up of millet, rice, wheat, sorghum and maize were evaluated under laboratory conditions for their susceptibility and progeny development in Tribolium castaneum in hot dry and cool humid seasons. T. castaneum thrived better during the cool humid season than the hot dry season. Polished flour was less susceptible to infestation and supported lower population of the beetles than unpolished flour. Index of susceptibility was 19.65–20.76% in unpolished flour and 18.89–19.76% in polished flour. The number of progeny that developed were 102.6–135.1 and 98.2–121.4 in unpolished and polished flours, respectively. Similarly, grit flour was significantly less susceptible than fine flour in both seasons. Rice, wheat and sorghum flours were less susceptible and supported significantly lower populations of T. castaneum than millet and maize flours in both seasons. Polished wheat flour supported least progeny number than the flour types of the other cereal grains. Conversely, significantly higher number of progeny developed in polished flour of millet and maize and unpolished flour of wheat. Millet fine flour and maize fine or grit flours were significantly more susceptible to infestation than flours of the other cereal grains.

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Authors and Affiliations

Joy Mbaya Turaki
Buba Mburza Sastawa
Baba Gana Jugudum Kabir
Ndowa Ekoate Sunday Lale
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Abstract

The main objective of this study was to assess the concentration of various minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe) in the blood of sheep, followed by biochemical analysis in order to reveal possible associations of season and breed. The study was conducted by sampling four herds: Suffolk (n=20), Merino (n=20), Lithuanian blackhead (n=20) and Charolaise (n=7). The first blood collection was conducted in April and the last one was performed in February. The highest level of Ca was estimated in Suffolk ewes, lowest (12.61%) in Merino breed; the highest Mg content was found in Lithuanian blackhead breed, lowest (5.26%) in Charolaise; highest P content was determined in Merino, lowest (24.18%) in Suffolk breed (p<0.05). Evalua- tion of the biochemical parameters during different seasons showed a possible environmental effect on the health of the animals. The difference among minerals content showed the highest level in Ca, Mg, Fe in the autumn, P - in the summer, Cu and Zn - in the winter. The lowest differences between seasons were observed in content of Mg (1.24-4.03% from total average of all seasons) and Ca (0.59-8.18%), the highest – in Cu (2.52-18.36 %) and Zn (4.33-24.33%) (p<0.05). The significance of this work is the possible use of the data in the prevention of metabolic and production diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Autukaitė
I. Poškienė
V. Juozaitienė
R. Undzėnaitė
R. Antanaitis
H. Žilinskas
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Abstract

Many open-pit mines are gradually converted to underground mining, the problem of roadway surrounding rock damage caused by expansive soft rock is becoming increasingly problematic. To study the seasonal evolution of expansive rock mass containing clay minerals, an underground mine transferred from an open-pit was selected as the experimental mine. The experimental results of SEM electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed that the surrounding rock of the main haulage roadway contains a large number of expansive clay minerals. The expansive grade of the main transport roadway’s surrounding rock could then be identified as the medium expansive rock mass, which has a large amount of exchangeable cation and strong water absorption capacity, based on the combined test results of dry saturated water absorption and free expansion deformation. The water swelling can cause the roadway to considerably deform, and then the surrounding rock will have strong rheological characteristics. From the research results in the text, the seasonal evolution law of the main haulage roadway in the experimental mine was obtained, and the deformation law of the expansive rock mass under different dry and wet conditions was revealed. The research results provide a reference for studying the stability evolution law of expansive soft rocks in underground mines.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hongdi Jing
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Fuming Qu
3
ORCID: ORCID
Xiaobo Liu
3
ORCID: ORCID
Guangliang Zhang
4
Xingfan Zhang
1 2
Xinbo Ma
4

  1. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Shenyang 110016, China
  2. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenyang110169, China
  3. University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
  4. Northeastern University, Shenyang 100083, China
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Abstract

The article presents the results of research aimed at determining the catchment areas that pose a risk of nitrogen pollution of the waters of the Mała Panew river. The research was carried out in 13 permanent monitoring points located on the Mała Panew. The location of the points ensured the representativeness of the water quality results for parts of the catchment area with a homogeneous type of land use. Concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) and total nitrogen (TN) were determined in the samples taken. The content of (NO3-N) in the third quarter of the year and its relation to the value obtained for the first year quarter may be an indicator of the impact of agricultural activities on the quality of water in streams. In the case of agricultural catchments, the lowest concentrations of NO3-N and TN occur in the third quarter of the year and are significantly lower than in the first quarter of the year. The demonstrated seasonal variability of nitrate nitrogen concentrations in agriculturally used areas may be used to determine the type of pressure not allowing to achieve good water status in the surface water body. It was shown that the highest unit increments occurred in areas with a high proportion of forest.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Steinhoff-Wrześniewska
1
Maria Strzelczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Helis
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Paszkiewicz-Jasińska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Gruss
2
Krzysztof Pulikowski
2
Witold Skorulski
3

  1. Institute of Technology and Life Science – National Research Institute
  2. Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences
  3. ART Strefa Witold Skorulski
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Abstract

This study details the relationship between maternal plasma oxidant-antioxidant enzymes with colostrum quality, serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM concentrations of calves in the different calving seasons. Holstein breed cows between two and eight lactations and their calves were enrolled in the study. Holstein cows calving in winter (n=45) and their calves (n=45) were assigned to the winter group, while cows calving in summer (n=45) and their calves (n=45) were assigned to the summer group. Samples for malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were collected on day -21±3 before expected calving and also on calving day (Day 0). IgG and the specific gravity of the colostrum were determined after calving. Serum GGT and IgG and IgM were measured before the feeding, with colostrum, of calves (0 hours) and also in the 24th hour following the feeding of colostrum. Plasma MDA levels at -21±3 and 0 days in the summer cows were determined to be higher. GSH-Px activity was higher in the winter cows. IgG levels and the specific gravity of the colos- trum were also higher in the winter cows. Calf IgG levels at the 24th hour of life were higher in the winter cows. In the winter group, IgM levels at 0 and 24 hours were also higher. While MDA was negatively correlated with IgG, IgM, GGT, IgG and the specific gravity of colostrum, GSH-Px activity had a positive correlation with IgG, IgM, GGT, IgG and the specific gravity of colostrum. The observed differences in plasma MDA, GSH-Px, calf serum IgG and IgM levels, and colostrum quality between both groups suggest a possible seasonal effect. The relationship between maternal oxidant-antioxidant enzymes, colostrum quality, and passive calf immunity revealed that these enzymes could be used as indicators in the evaluation of calf health and colos- trum quality.
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Authors and Affiliations

H.E. Çolakoğlu
1
M.O. Yazlık
1
E.Ç. Çolakoğlu
2
U. Kaya
3
R. Bayramoğlu
4
S. Kurt
5
R. Vural
1
Ş. Küplülü
1

  1. Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
  2. Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
  3. Hayat Mustafa Kamel University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, 31001, Hatay, Turkey
  4. Veterinary Practitioner, Farm Animal Managament Practicer, Western Thrace, Greece
  5. Dicle University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 21200, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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Abstract

Introduction: Seasonal variation has been observed for bacterial and viral infections (e.g., COVID-19 [1]), but also for numerous cardiac problems. However, little information is available on the seasonality of infectious endocarditis (IE), a rare disease that is usually linked to a bacterial origin. Data from the Polish population are lacking.
Materials and Methods: Our retrospective study focused on the identification of patients with IE, who were hospitalized at the University Hospital in Krakow between 2005–2022. For this purpose, we searched the medical records system using the ICD-10 code. We decided to divide our patients into four groups (winter, spring, summer, autumn), based on the date of admission to the hospital. Comparison of the distribution of IE incidents by season was performed with the ch2 test.
Results: One hundred and ten patients were included in the study (median age 62.5 years (range 20–94), 72 men (65.45%)). The left native valve IE was diagnosed in 49% of the patients, the prosthetic valve IE in 16%, the right valve IE in 27% and the implantable cardiac electronic devices IE in 12% of the subjects. The outcomes comprised of cardiac surgery (n = 53), embolism (n = 16), death (n = 15) and metastatic infections (n = 5). No differences in the incidence of IE by season were observed.
Conclusions: In the preliminary observation of IE cases of patients admitted to the University Hospital in Krakow, Poland no seasonal pattern of IE was detected. Therefore, IE should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis at any time of the year.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Tofilska
1
Katarzyna Zięba
1
Andrzej Surdacki
2
Marek Rajzer
3
Agnieszka Olszanecka
3

  1. Students’ Scientific Group at the First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  3. First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

Antarctic krill carbohydrate content was followed during 1983—84 Eighth Polish Antarctic Expedition. The Admiralty Bay (King George Island) was th area of study. The following average values of three estimated fractions were obtained: 3.77 +- 1.51%, 0.47 +- 0.34% and 3.30 +- 1.33% for total, TCA-soluble and TCA-insoluble carbohydrates, respectively. Percentage contribution of the estimated fractions to dry weight varied seasonally (1.48—7.41%, 0.15—1.83%, and 1.28—6.28%, respectively). The carbohydrate content showed a clearcut cycle of changes over the calender year, with a minimum in autumn-winter and a maximum in spring-summer.

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Authors and Affiliations

Edward Kołakowski
Lidia Szyper-Machowska
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Abstract

Notothenia coriiceps, N.rossii and Lepidonotothen nudifrons were sampled from Admiralty Bay from March to November 1997 and from January to February 1999. The ratio of N.coriiceps to N.rossii individuals in catches regularly increased during 22 years from 0.4 in 1977 to 9.5 in 1999. Oving to its reproductive strategy and avoidance of shallow waters N.rossii may be more vulnerable to overfishing. The condition factor was the most stable (CV 6 -10%), variations in the of hepatosomatic index and index of stomach fullness were intermediate (21 -38%and 40 -43%,respectively), and the gonadosomatic index was the most variable (65 -100%). Lack of seasonality in two somatic indices (condition factor and index of stomach fullness) in N.coriiceps adults is a direct effect of high food availability and unlimited food detection all year round. In contrast, the seasonality of a reproductive index (gonadosomatic index) of these fish is a response to the highly seasonal trophic conditions for pelagic larvae.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Kamler
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Abstract

Seasonal changes in the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana) autoproteolytic activity were followed throughout the year. Using the kinetic formula for the first order reaction, the initial reaction rate (y0), the rate after 5 minutes (y5) and the average reaction rate (yx) after 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min of incubation of mixed homogenate at 40° + 0.2°C were determined in each sample. Changes in the krill autoproteolytic activity over the year were found to follow a sinusoid with a maximum during the austral summer (January) and a minimum during the austral winter (July-August). The maximum initial reaction rate was about ten times the minimum initial rate, which is an evidence of a considerable seasonal variation in the krill autoproteolytic activity associated presumably with the krill feeding intensity.

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Authors and Affiliations

Edward Kołakowski
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Abstract

The purpose of the work is to characterise pluvial conditions in central-eastern Poland from the beginning of the 21 st century (2001–2020). The analysis involved seven meteorological stations of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB): Białowieża, Legionowo, Pułtusk, Siedlce, Szepietowo, Terespol and Warsaw. The work contains the analysis of the annual and seasonal atmospheric precipitation pattern (summer, winter, spring and autumn) and its temporal and spatial variation throughout a 20-year period. Moreover, the percentage share of precipitation in each season in the annual sum was calculated. In order to analyse precipitation patterns in the study period, the Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) was applied. The average long-term annual atmospheric precipitation sum ranged from 557 mm at Terespol to 653 mm at Białowieża. The highest seasonal precipitation sum in the studied region was recorded for the summer (218 mm) whereas in spring and autumn, precipitation stayed at a similar level and amounted to 130 and 131 mm, respectively. The lowest precipitation was recorded in winter (109 mm). The highest percentage share of the atmospheric precipitation sum was associated with summer rainfall (from 35 to 38%), whereas the lowest in winter (from 18 to 20%). Comparisons of 2001–2010 and 2011–2020 decades revealed a decline in the share of summer precipitation in the annual sum at most of the stations, and an increase in the share of winter precipitation. The ITA demonstrated that the most significant trends in precipitation change occurred in summer and winter and the directions of the trends were different for each station.
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Authors and Affiliations

Elżbieta Radzka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Rymuza
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Siedlce, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Konarskiego St., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
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Abstract

Soil loss is a major problem for watersheds management in semi-arid environments. The objective of the present study is to analyze the annual and seasonal patterns of suspended loads and quantify the specific sediment yields in a semi-arid environment of the Mazafran Watershed in central Algeria. The obtained information of water discharge and suspended sediment load, recorded during 19 years, was confronted with precipitation data in order to establish the relationships between theforcing agents and erosive processes. The specific sediment yield was estimated by assessing rating curve data under two types of identified responses. The obtained results allowedconfirming the seasonality on suspended sediment transport in the studied basin, which accounts for 56% of the total suspended sediment load estimated in winter. The mean annual suspended sediment is estimated at 17.52 Mg·ha–1·y–1. The results highlighted that the type 2 event dominates the production of sediment in the study area in comparison with type 1 event. The analysis of the variability of rainfall erosivity index showed that there is a strong correlation between the annual precipitation and modified Fournier index ( MFI), and a weak correlation with the monthly precipitation concentration index ( PCI). Moreover, the spatial distribution of the modified Fournier index at the basin scale showed the highest precipitation aggressiveness in the Southern part of the study region for both type of events, whereas the precipitation aggressiveness low to moderate in the remaining part of the study region.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mosbah Rabah
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hamad Bouchelkia
1
ORCID: ORCID
Fadila Belarbi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Agustin Millares
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Abou Bekr Belkaïd, Faculty of Technology, Department of Hydraulics, Rue Abi Ayad Abdelkrim Fg Pasteur, 22, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
  2. Andalusian Inter-University Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), Environmental Fluid Dynamic Group, Granada, Spain
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Abstract

Mature males of a wild boar-pig crossbreed, during the long and short day season, were used for the study which demonstrates that the chemical light carrier CO regulates the expression of biological clock genes in the hypothalamus via humoral pathways. Autologous blood with experimentally elevated concentrations of endogenous CO (using lamps with white light-emitting diodes) was infused into the ophthalmic venous sinus via the right dorsal nasal vein. Molecular biology methods: qPCR and Western Blot were used to determine the expression of genes and biological clock proteins. The results showed that elevated endogenous CO levels, through blood irradiation, induces changes in genes expression involved in the functioning of the main biological clock located in suprachiasmatic nuclei. Changes in the expression of the transcription factors Bmal1, Clock and Npas2 have a similar pattern in both structures, where a very large decrease in gene expression was shown after exposure to elevated endogenous CO levels. The changes in the gene expression of PER 1-2, CRY 1-2, and REV-ERB α-β and ROR β are not the same for both POA and DH hypothalamic structures, indicating that both structures respond differently to the humoral signal received.
The results indicate that CO is a chemical light molecule whose production in an organism depends on the amount of light. An adequate amount of light is an essential factor for the proper functioning of the main biological clock.
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Authors and Affiliations

P. Gilun
1
M. Koziorowska-Gilun
2
B. Wąsowska
1
M. Sowa-Kućma
3
K. Kozioł
4
M. Romerowicz-Misielak
4
W. Kordan
2
M. Koziorowski
4

  1. Department of Local Physiological Regulations, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
  2. Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
  3. Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, Rzeszow, 35-959, Poland
  4. Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Collegium Scientarium Naturalium, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
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Abstract

Conventional methods for determining the reproductive performance of sheep bred either after estrus synchronization during the breeding season or after induction of estrus/ovulation during the non-breeding season take a long time and may give misleading results due to the effect of environmental factors. Laparoscopic observations allow real-time monitoring of ovarian activity around estrus or ovulation. This study was aimed at assessing the superovulatory effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) treatments by laparoscopy during breeding (September-November, n=12) and non-breeding (April-June, n=12) seasons in Akkaraman sheep. In both seasons, after CIDR withdrawal, the ewes were injected either with 600 IU eCG or 300 μl (20 mg/ml) FSH twice at 12 hour intervals. Plasma P4, E2 and LH concentrations were determined at the time of intra-vaginal CIDR insertion (day 0) and then at its withdrawal (day 12), followed by 3 and 6 days of eCG or FSH injections. After 3 (first observation) and 6 (second observation) days of hormone injections, laparoscopy was performed to record ovarian activity in both seasons. The eCG increased (p<0.05) the numbers of large follicles (first observation) and CL (first and second observations) in the breeding season compared to FSH treatment. CL, small-moderate and large follicle numbers of eCG treated ewes were higher (p<0.05) than those of FSH at both observations in the non-breeding season. In the breeding season, eCG treated ewes had higher (p<0.05) plasma P4 (3 and 6 days after hormones injections) and E2 (3 days after hormones injections) concentrations than those of FSH. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that treatment with eCG during the non-breeding season can support ovarian activity, and thus increase ovulation rate and plasma hormone concentrations around induced estrus/ovulation in Akkaraman ewes.

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Authors and Affiliations

U. Şen
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Abstract

The article analyses the changes occurring in accidents in the construction industry in Poland. It was analyzed the influence of the season on the number and structure of accidents. Research and analyzes were carried out on the basis of statistical data, made available by the Central Statistical Office, regarding accidents at work in construction that occurred in the period from 2010 to 2018. The total number of accidents at work in the construction sector in in these years shows a significant downward trend. A similar downward trend can also be seen in individual groups of accidents, broken down into light, serious and fatal. Based on the research carried out, the decisive impact of the season on the accident rates in construction sector was noticed. The smallest value of the accident frequency rate in most of the accident types considered can be observed in the winter season. In turn, the highest value of the light and fatal accident frequency rate can be observed in summer season (July - September). Weather conditions, for example, high temperatures and sunshine can lead to dangerous situations which can result in accidents at work. Climate conditions should therefore play an increasingly important role in assessing the risk of accidents.
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Authors and Affiliations

Iwona Szer
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Szer
1
ORCID: ORCID
Monika Kaszubska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jakub Miszczak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bożena Hoła
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ewa Błazik-Borowa
3
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Jabłoński
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lodz University of Technology, Department of Building Materials Physics and Sustainable Design, Politechniki 6, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
  2. Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, pl. Grunwaldzki 11, 50-377 Wrocław, Poland
  3. Lublin University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, ul. Nadbystrzycka 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
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Abstract

Measurements were made of organic fluxes at a coastal sediment at Signy Island , South Orkney Islands, Antarctica , between December 1990 and March 1992. The deposition rate of organic matter to the sediment was measured at the same time with a maximum sedimentation rate of 306 mg C m–2 d–1. The rates of sedimentary organic input were small during winter ice cover, and the organic content of the sediment declined during this period as available organic matter was depleted. Fresh organic input occurred as soon as the sea-ice melted and ice algal biomass was deposited to the sediment; and was sustained during the spring after ice break-up by continued primary production in the water column. The proportion of available carbon in surface sediments was measured during a seasonal cycle using Pseudomonas aeruginosa as an indicator organism over the 0–1 cm depth horizon. Variations in the amount of organic matter deposited to the sediments and the proportion of available carbon were observed during the seasonal cycle. Seasonal variations of benthic activity in this coastal sediment was regulated by the input and availability of organic matter, and not by seasonal water temperature, which was relatively constant between –1.8 and 0.5°C .

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Authors and Affiliations

Tony R. Walker
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Abstract

Ground temperature variations have been analysed to the depth of 160 cm, with respect to meteorological elements and short-wave radiation balance. The database of the ground temperature covers a thirteen month-long period (May 1992 – June 1993), which included both the seasons of complete freezing of the ground and thaw. Special attention has been given to the development of perennial permafrost and its spatial distribution. In summer, the depth of thawing ground varied in different types of ground — at the Polish Polar Station, this was ca. 130 cm. The ground froze completely in the first week of October. Its thawing started in June. The snow cover restrained heat penetration in the ground, which hindered the ground thawing process. Cross-correlation shows a significant influence of the radiation balance (K*) on the values of near-surface ground temperatures (r2 = 0.62 for summer).

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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Leszkiewicz
Zbigniew Caputa
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Abstract

Froin January 2006 on, a continuous experiment consisting in determinations of granulometrie composition of the airborne dust has been performed in the Institute of Environmental Engineering of PAS, Zabrze. The investigations include measurements of concentrations of PM1 - the suspended in ambient air particles of the aerodynamic diameter not grater than I μm - by using the PM10 Dekali impactor. The results of twelve month measurements (January - December 2006) arc presented in the paper: the granulometrie composition of total suspended dust (PM10, PM2.5, PM1) in winter and summer at an urban background site in the Silcsian Agglomeration. Monthly and seasonal average concentrations of PM I O, PM2.5 and PM1 were computed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Klejnowski
Andrzej Krasa
Wioletta Rogula
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Abstract

The: PM2.5/PM10 ratio expresses the anthropogenic share in atmospheric dusl. Very high values or this ratio, i.e. high contribution or PM2.5 to PM10. have occurred recently in atmospheric air within European indusuializcd areas. The paper compiles results of three year pair wise measuring ofconcentrations or PM2.5 and PM2.5-PM10 and compares shares or PMM2.5 in PM10 al three urban background sites in Upper Silesia Poland I towns or Zabrze. Katowice and Częstochowa). At all the three local ions, the PM2.5/PM10 ratio nr daily conccntrations nr dust only occasionally differed considerably from the PM2.5/PM10 ratios for the seasonal and yearly concentrations that, in turn. did not differ from the PM2.5/PM10 ratios al urban sites in Europe.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Klejnowski
Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska
ORCID: ORCID
Andrzej Krasa
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Abstract

The present work is a part of the development of a method which uses the relative proportions of asexually and sexually reproducing chydorid females to reconstruct the length of the open-water season. Surface sediments (5 cm) of Lake Aitajärvi, northern Finnish Lapland, were examined for modern and recent proportions of chydorid cladoceran ephippia in subarctic climate near the pine limit. The total chydorid ephippium proportions (TCE) were steadily 9.5-9.7 % in the Aitajärvi sediment but declined to 8.4 % in the uppermost sample. The result was compared with the surface sediment TCE from four lakes in southern Finland where it varied between 3-6%. It was also compared with the TCE from two lakes in northernmost Finnish Lapland above the treeline in very severe climate, where it was 26-30 %. These very high values suggest that there might be a threshold in climate conditions between Aitajärvi and the two northernmost lakes that alters the reproduction of chydorids towards an even more important role of sexual reproduction.
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Kaarina Sarmaja- Korjonen
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Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of age, season and ejaculation on ram testicular blood flow and echotexture. The survey was conducted biweekly on 7 Chios rams for one year, including breeding and non-breeding periods. The rams were divided into 2 age groups: 3 rams 2-6 years old (mature) and 4 rams 9-13 years old (old). Hemodynamic indices [Pulsatility index (PI), Resistive index (RI), End-diastolic velocity (EDV), testicular artery Diameter (D), Time-averaged maximum velocity (TAVM), Blood flow volume (BFV)] and echotexture parameters [Mean value (MV), Contrast (Con), Gray value distribution (GVD), Run length distribution (RunLD), Long run emphasis (LRunEm), Entropy (Ent), Correlation (Cor), Standard deviation (StD), Gray variance (GV) and Gradient mean value (GMV)] were evaluated in each testis before and after ejaculation. Ejaculation did not affect testes blood flow or echotexture (p>0.05). PI and RI were higher in the breeding period compared to the non-breeding period, for both testes (p<0.001). Left testis GV and Cor before ejaculation were lower (p=0.01) and higher (p=0.03), respectively, in the breeding compared to the non-breeding period. Left testis D (p=0.005) and BFV (p<0.001) were higher in old compared to mature rams after ejaculation. Right testis Con (p=0.03) and Cor (p=0.05) before ejaculation were higher in old rams, whereas right testis Ent after ejaculation was higher in mature rams (p=0.05). In conclusion, testicular blood flow and echotexture are affected by season and ram age, but not by ejaculation.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Ntemka
1
E. Kiossis
1
C. Boscos
1
A. Theodoridis
2
M. Patsikas
3
I. Tsakmakidis
1

  1. Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Voutyra 11, 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece
  2. Laboratory of Animal Production Economics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 410, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
  3. Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging, Clinic of Companion Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Voutyra 11, 54627, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Abstract

The research analyzed seasonal changes of the oxygen regime and related indicators on the example of water objects of the Ukrainian Polesie Region. The region shows different directions of economic use. Zebrafish ( Danio rerio Hamilton–Buchanan) and the Prussian carp ( Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch) were used as test objects to investigate survival responses. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in water, pH values and temperatures were determined by standard methods. Based on research results, the main problems were determined pertaining to the oxygen regime of investigated waters, i.e. the increase in temperature and toxicity of the aquatic environment in the summer. A rather dangerous decrease in DO concentration, almost up to the levels of maximum allowable concentration (MAC) (4.10 mg∙dm–3 in group E1 and 6.07 mg∙dm–3 in group E2), was observed in August and it was typical for the reservoirs with a slow water movement. Flowing river waters (group E3) were eliminated due to their better aeration compared to other groups. The correlation analysis based on the presented data revealed a high and average degree of probable correlation between the DO concentration and water temperature, as well as an average degree of correlation with general toxicity determined on sensitive species of D. rerio, and in group E1 on the persistent species C. auratus gibelio as well. The interrelations and equations of the rectilinear regression can be used to predict the oxygen regime of the waters investigated and other surface waters having similar problems.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ella O. Aristarkhova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tetiana P. Fedoniuk
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ludmila D. Romanchuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sergii V. Latushynskyi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Iryna V. Kot
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Polissia National University, Faculty of Forestry and Ecology, Zhytomyr, Ukraine
  2. Polissia National University, Educational and Scientific Center of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Staryi Blvd, 7, Zhytomyr, Zhytomyrs'ka oblast, 10008 Ukraine
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Abstract

This study aimed to analyse the effect of anthropogenic activities on the spatial distribution of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphate (TP) in Lake Maninjau, Indonesia, during the dry season. Sampling was carried out at ten observation locations representative for various activities around the lake. Cluster analysis and ANOVA were used to classify pollutant sources and observe differences between TN and TP at each site. Concentrations of TN and TP are categorised as oligotrophic-eutrophic. The ANOVA showed spatially that some sampling locations, such as the Tanjung Sani River, floating net cages, and hydropower areas have different TN concentrations. At the same time, TP levels were consistently significantly different across sampling sites. ANOVA and cluster analysis confirmed that floating net cages were the first cluster and the primary contributor to TN and TP. The second and third clusters come from anthropogenic activities around the lake, such as agriculture, settlement, and livestock. The fourth cluster with the lowest TN and TP is the river that receives the anthropogenic activity load but has a high flow velocity. The cluster change analysis needs to be conducted when there are future changes in the composition of floating net cages, agriculture, and settlements.
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Authors and Affiliations

Puti S. Komala
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini
1
Roselyn I. Kurniati
2
Mhd Fauzi
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universitas Andalas, Department of Environmental Engineering, 25163, Padang, Indonesia
  2. Universitas Universal, Department of Environmental Engineering, 29432, Batam, Indonesia
  3. Doctoral Student of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 40132, Bandung, Indonesia
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Abstract

This issue, Chronicles of a Pandemic, is a collection of 27 position statements published by the Interdisciplinary COVID-19 Advisory Team to the President of the Polish Academy of Sciences, set up in July 2020. This publication is our team’s second comprehensive compilation (after Understanding COVID-19) of information about SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Published in September 2020, Understanding COVID-19 aimed to sum up the first months of the pandemic and prepare the public in Poland for the difficult fall and winter 2020–2021. The present study, in turn, was written after two years of the pandemic, which first began in Wuhan in December 2019. We hope that ongoing reports on the course of the pandemic and the dilemmas faced by the public will help us learn from those difficult and important experiences, should similar challenges arise in the future.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Duszyński
Aneta Afelt
Małgorzata Kossowska
Anna Ochab-Marcinek
Radosław Owczuk
Wojciech Paczos
Anna Plater-Zyberk
Krzysztof Pyrć
Magdalena Rosińska
Andrzej Rychard
Tomasz Smiatacz

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