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A study of mixing structure in stirred tanks equipped with multiple four-blade Rushton impellers

Zied Driss Sarhan Karray Wajdi Chtourou Hedi Kchaou Mohamed Salah Abid
Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2012 | vol. 59 | No 1 | 53-72 | DOI: 10.2478/v10180-012-0004-3
Keywords multiple Rushton impellers four blades six blades stirred tank numerical method modelling
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Abstract

The effect of multiple Rushton impellers configurations on hydrodynamics and mixing performance in a stirred tank has been investigated. Three configurations defined by one, two and three Rushton impellers are compared. Results issued from our computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code are presented here concerning fields of velocity components and viscous dissipation rate. These results confirm that the multi-impellers systems are necessary to decrease the weaken zones in each stirred tanks. The experimental results developed in this work are compared with our numerical results. The good agreement validates the numerical method.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zied Driss
Sarhan Karray
Wajdi Chtourou
Hedi Kchaou
Mohamed Salah Abid

Vibration reduction on circular saw blades with vibroacoustic metamaterials

Sebastian Rieß William Kaal Sven Herold
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 6 | e147921 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.147921
Keywords circular saw blade vibroacoustic metamaterial
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Abstract

The presented work focuses on the experimental investigation of a vibroacoustic metamaterial integrated into a spinning circular saw blade. Vibroacoustic metamaterials are a novel technology for broadband vibration reduction. Built from an array of local resonators, a broadband vibration reduction characteristic in the frequency domain (a so-called stop band) can be achieved. A design of a vibroacoustic metamaterial suitable for integration into a circular saw blade is developed and a numerical stop band prediction is performed. The resonators of the vibroacoustic metamaterial are integrated into the saw blade with a water jet cutting machine to create slots, forming flaps that are free to oscillate. The structural dynamic behavior of the saw blade with integrated vibroacoustic metamaterial is experimentally investigated on a rotor dynamic test bench and compared to that of a standard saw blade. The saw blades are excited by an automatic impulse hammer and the resulting out-of-plane vibrations are measured with a laser vibrometer at two different radii. Measurements are conducted at different rotational speeds up to 1800 rpm. Up to rotational speeds of 1000 rpm a stop band characteristic in the frequency range of 1900–2500 Hz is observed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Rieß
1
ORCID: ORCID
William Kaal
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sven Herold
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, 64298, Darmstadt, Germany

Active control of tip vortex shedding

Andrzej Szumowski Mieczysław Litwińczyk
Archive of Mechanical Engineering | vol. 48 | No 3 | 265-275
Keywords tip vortex blade-vortex interaction
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Abstract

A helicopter blade tip vortex generates impulsive noise of high intensity when it impinges upon the following blade. In the present work, the vortex is attenuated by coaxial swirling jet rotating in the opposite direction. The jet issues from a nozzle located at the blade tip. The nozzle was supplied with compressed air transported in the blade channel. The decrement of vortex strength is measured as a function of the compressed air pressure related to the dynamic pressure of the flow in the wind tunnel. It was found that the jet, even of relatively low intensity, considerably effects the blade tip vortex formation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Szumowski
Mieczysław Litwińczyk

Design and computational fluid dynamics analysis of the last stage of innovative gas-steam turbine

Stanisław Jerzy Głuch Paweł Ziółkowski Łukasz Witanowski Janusz Badur
Archives of Thermodynamics | 2021 | vol. 42 | No 3 | 255-278 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2021.138119
Keywords Axial turbine Blade design Computational Fluid Dynamics Last stage oflow-pressure Twisted blade
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Abstract

Research regarding blade design and analysis of flow has been attracting interest for over a century. Meanwhile new concepts and design approaches were created and improved. Advancements in information technologies allowed to introduce computational fluid dynamics and computational flow mechanics. Currently a combination of mentioned methods is used for the design of turbine blades. These methods enabled us to improve flow efficiency and strength of turbine blades. This paper relates to a new type turbine which is in the phase of theoretical analysis, because the working fluid is a mixture of steam and gas generated in a wet combustion chamber. The main aim of this paper is to design and analyze the flow characteristics of the last stage of gas-steam turbine. When creating the spatial model, the atlas of profiles of reaction turbine steps was used. Results of computational fluid dynamics simulations of twisting of the last stage are presented. Blades geometry and the computational mesh are also presented. Velocity vectors, for selected dividing sections that the velocity along the pitch diameter varies greatly. The blade has the shape of its cross-section similar to action type blades near the root and to reaction type blades near the tip. Velocity fields and pressure fields show the flow characteristics of the last stage of gas-steam turbine. The net efficiency of the cycle is equal to 52.61%.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Jerzy Głuch
1
Paweł Ziółkowski
1
Łukasz Witanowski
2
Janusz Badur
2
  1. Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Building, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
  2. Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdansk, Poland

Application of overset mesh approach in the investigation of the Savonius wind turbines with rigid and deformable blades

Emil Marchewka Krzysztof Sobczak Piotr Reorowicz Damian Stanisław Obidowski Krzysztof Jóźwik
Archives of Thermodynamics | 2021 | vol. 42 | No 4 | 201-216 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2021.139659
Keywords CFD Savonius Deformable blade Overset mesh Sliding mesh
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Abstract

Machines utilising renewable energy constantly undergo research aimed at raising their efficiency. One of them is a Savonius wind turbine, where scientists propose adjustments to improve its aerodynamic properties. At present, their assessment is usually performed by means of transient computational fluid dynamics simulations with two- or threedimensional models. In this paper, the overset (chimera) mesh approach was applied to investigate the performance of a Savonius wind turbine equipped with deformable blades. They were continuously deformed during rotation by a dedicated mechanism to increase a positive torque of the advancing blade, and meanwhile, decrease a negative torque of the returning blade. A quasi-two-dimensional model with a two-way fluid-structure interaction method was applied, where the structural solver determined blade deflection caused by the predefined deformation mechanism and aerodynamic loads, whereas the coupled computational fluid dynamics solver determined the transient flow. The deformable blades rotor performance was calculated and compared with a conventional rigid Savonius turbine, both simulated using the overset mesh approach. The average value of the power coefficient achieved a 55% rise in the case of deformable blades turbine. Additionally, to validate the overset method, its results were compared with the classical sliding mesh method for a conventional rigid rotor.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Emil Marchewka
1
Krzysztof Sobczak
1
Piotr Reorowicz
1
Damian Stanisław Obidowski
1
Krzysztof Jóźwik
1
  1. Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Turbomachinery, Wólczanska 219/223, 90-924 Łódz, Poland

Development of last stage blade of 13K215 turbine intermediate pressure module

Radoslaw Bondyra Jan Przytulski Krzysztof Dominiczak
Archives of Thermodynamics | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 1 | 45-62 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2022.140924
Keywords Efficiency Strength calculation Steam turbine Last stage blade Fluid flow calculation
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Abstract

Paper is considering the purpose and the process of development of last stage blade for intermediate pressure module of 13K215 steam turbine. In the last 20–30 years most of the steam turbine manufacturers were focused on improving such a turbine mainly by upgrading low pressure module. In a result of such a modernization technology were changed from impulse to reaction. The best results of upgrading were given by developing low pressure last stage blade. With some uncertainty and based on state of art knowledge, it can be stand that improving of this part of steam turbine is close to the end. These above indicators show an element on which future research should be focused on – in the next step it should be intermediate pressure module. In the primary design the height of intermediate pressure last stage blade was 500 mm but because of change of technology this value was decreased to 400 mm. When to focus on reaction technology, the height of the last stage blade is related to output power and efficiency. Considered here is the checking the possibility of implementing blades, in a reaction technology, higher than 400 mm and potentially highest. Article shows a whole chosen methodology of topic described above. It leads through the reasons of research, limitations of 13K215 steam turbine, creation of three-dimensional models, fluid flow calculations, mechanical integrity calculations and proposed solutions of design.
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Bibliography

[1] Choudhary A., Prasad E.: Steam Turbine Market by Design (Reaction and Impulse) and Application (Power generation, Petrochemical, Oil & Gas and Others): Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2020–2027. Market Research Report 2019. Allied Market Research, 2020.
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Authors and Affiliations

Radoslaw Bondyra
1
Jan Przytulski
1
Krzysztof Dominiczak
2
  1. GE Power Ltd, Stoczniowa 2, 82-300 Elblag, Poland
  2. Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdansk, Poland

Damage diagnostics of turbine blades

Jerzy Madej
Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2003 | vol. 50 | No 1 | 69-87
Keywords damage mechanizms turbine blades diagnostic methods thermovisional diagnosis numerical simulations
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Abstract

The paper presents the most frequently encountered types and mechanism of damage of turbines' flow elements. The methods used nowadays for diagnosis of the damage are presented. A new possibility of localisation of damaged areas of turbine blades based upon the analysis of isotherm layout is proposed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Madej

Mixing Power and Hydrodynamics for Different Clearances of the Flat Blade Turbine Impeller

Jacek Stelmach
Chemical and Process Engineering: New Frontiers | 2023 | vol. 44 | No 2 | e7 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2023.144693
Keywords flat blade turbine impeller (FBT) mixing power velocity distributions velocity pulsation distributions
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Abstract

In the paper, the mixing power and distributions of velocity and velocity pulsations in a baffled stirred tank with a flat blade turbine impeller placed at different distances from the bottom were determined. It was found that the mixing power reaches minimum values when the relative clearance of the impeller is C/D = 0.6÷0.7. The investigations of velocity distributions using the PIV method showed the axial flow of the liquid through the impeller. This results in deviations from the typical radial-circumferential flow and changes in mixing power vs. impeller clearance versus a Rushton impeller. With a clearance corresponding to the minimum power, the flow is axial-circumferential with one circulation loop. For a flat blade turbine impeller, good mixing conditions are obtained for a clearance of 0.8 < C/D < 0.9.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Stelmach
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Wolczanska 213, 93-005 Lodz, Poland

A sampling method based on improved firefly algorithm for profile measurement of aviation engine blade

Zhi Huang Liao Zhao Kai Li Hongyan Wang Tao Zhou
Metrology and Measurement Systems | 2019 | vol. 26 | No 4 | 757-771 | DOI: 10.24425/mms.2019.130565
Keywords aviation engine blade coordinate measurement machine profile measurement improved firefly algorithm
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Abstract

Coordinate Measurement Machines (CMMs) have been extensively used in inspecting mechanical parts with higher accuracy. In order to enhance the efficiency and precision of the measurement of aviation engine blades, a sampling method of profile measurement of aviation engine blade based on the firefly algorithm is researched. Then, by comparing with the equal arc-length sampling algorithm (EAS) and the equi-parametric sampling algorithm (EPS) in one simulation, the proposed sampling algorithm shows its better sampling quality than the other two algorithms. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by an experimental example of blade profile. Both simulated and experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can ensure the measurement accuracy by measuring a smaller number of points.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zhi Huang
Liao Zhao
Kai Li
Hongyan Wang
Tao Zhou
ORCID: ORCID

Application of terrestrial laser scanning measurements for wind turbine blade condition surveying

Paulina Stałowska Czesławi Suchock Adam Zagubien
Metrology and Measurement Systems | 2023 | vol. 30 | No 3 | 403-422 | DOI: 10.24425/mms.2023.146419
Keywords Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) intensity parameter measurement methodology wind turbine blades condition surveying defects detection
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Abstract

Wind turbines are among the key equipment needed for eco-friendly generation of electricity. Maintaining wind turbines in excellent technical condition is extremely important not only for safety but also for efficient operation. Studies indicate that defects in the external structure of a turbine blade reduce energy production efficiency. This research investigated the potential of the terrestrial laser scanning technology to examine the technical conditions of wind turbine blades. The main aim of the study was to examine whether terrestrial laser scanning measurements can be valuable for wind turbine blade condition surveying. The investigation was based on the radiometric analyses of point clouds, which forms the novelty of the present study. Condition monitoring focuses on the detection of defects, such as cracks, cavities, or signs of erosion. Moreover, this study consisted of two stages. The next objective entailed the development and examination of two different measurement methods. It was then identified which method is more advantageous by analysing their effectiveness and other economic considerations.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paulina Stałowska
1
Czesławi Suchock
2
Adam Zagubien
2
  1. Civil Engineering and Transport discipline, Doctoral School of the Koszalin University of Technology, Sniadeckich 2,75-453 Koszalin, Poland
  2. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Geodetic Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology,Sniadeckich 2, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland

Turbine wheel reduced modal model for self-excited vibration suppression by inter-blade dry-friction damping

Luděk Pešek Pavel Šnábl Chandra Shekhar Prasad
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 6 | e148250 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.148250
Keywords blade dynamics travelling waves flutter dry-friction damping model reduction Van der Pol
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Abstract

A new approach to calculations based on the modal synthesis method is proposed for the evaluation of structural and dry-friction damping effects on self-excited vibrations due to aeroelastic instability in bladed turbine wheels. The method described herein is used to study dry-friction damping of self-excited vibration of an industrial turbine wheel with 66 blades. For evaluating damping effects, the blade couplings are applied to this particular turbine wheel. Therefore, neighbouring blades are interconnected by rigid arms that are fixed on one side to one blade and are in frictional contact on their free side with the other blade. Due to relatively normal motions in contacts, the prescribed contact forces vary over time. The aerodynamic excitation arises from the spatially periodical flow of steam through the stator blade cascade. In this paper, we attempt to model flow-induced instabilities with the Van der Pol model linked to relative motion between neighbouring blades. The proposed modal synthesis method as ROM is a computationally efficient solution allowing substantial parametrization. The effect of the angles of contact surfaces on the wheel dynamics and on the level of the self-excitation suppression will be discussed herein.
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Authors and Affiliations

Luděk Pešek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Pavel Šnábl
1
Chandra Shekhar Prasad
1
  1. Institute of Thermomechanics of the CAS, v. v. i., Dolejškova 1402/5, 182 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic

Influence of impeller blade rounding and surface roughness on the internal hydraulics and performance of pump as turbine

Rahul Gaji Ashish Doshi Mukund Bade Punit Singh
Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 70 | No 2 | 219-245 | DOI: 10.24425/ame.2023.145581
Keywords pump as turbine impeller blade rounding CFD analysis of PAT simple modifications in PAT hydraulic analysis
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Abstract

The Pump As Turbine (PAT) is an important technology for low-cost micro-hydropower and energy recovery, and hence the internal hydraulics of PAT needs to be clearly understood. Additionally, during its operation, the sediments in the water increase the roughness of the internal surfaces and may alter the internal hydraulics and PAT performance similar to a centrifugal pump or Francis turbine. The researchers tried hard to perform simple modifications such as impeller blade rounding to increase the efficiency of PAT. In this paper, the developed test rig is used to analyze the performance of the impeller blade rounding and is validated with a numerical model. This numerical model is further used to study the influence of impeller blade rounding and surface roughness on internal hydraulics and PAT performance. The impeller blade rounding at the most increased the PAT efficiency by 1-1.5 % at the Best efficiency point (Q=16.8 lps), mainly due to the wake reduction on the suction side and increased flow area. With increasing the surface roughness from 0-70 μm, the PAT efficiency is decreased maximum by 4 %. The efficiency was mainly reduced due to increased hydraulic losses at flow zone and disk friction losses at the non-flow zone.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Rahul Gaji
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Ashish Doshi
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mukund Bade
2
ORCID: ORCID
Punit Singh
3
  1. Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and Technology, Ashta, India
  2. Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, India
  3. Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India

Characterization of geometrical parameters of plastic bottle shredder blade utilizing a two-step optimization method

Trieu Khoa Nguyen Minh Quang Chau The-Can Do Anh-Duc Pham
Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2021 | vol. 68 | No 3 | 253-269 | DOI: 10.24425/ame.2021.138392
Keywords plastic waste shredder blade two-step optimization Taguchi method response surface method
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Abstract

In this paper, a numerical and experimental investigation of geometrical parameters of the blade for plastic bottle shredder was performed based on the Taguchi method in combination with a response surface method (RSM). Nowadays, plastic waste has become a major threat to the environment. Shredding, in which plastic waste is shredded into small bits, ready for transportation and further processing, is a crucial step in plastic recycling. Although many studies on plastic shredders were performed, there was still a need for more researches on the optimization of shredder blades. Hence, a numerical analysis was carried out to study the influences of the relevant geometrical parameters. Next, a two-step optimization process combining the Taguchi method and the RSM was utilized to define optimal parameters. The simulation results clearly confirmed that the current technique can triumph over the limitation of the Taguchi method, originated from a discrete optimization nature. The optimal blade was then fabricated and experimented, showing lower wear via measurement by an ICamScope® microscope. Hence, it can be clearly inferred from this investigation that the current optimization method is a simple, sufficient tool to be applied in such a traditional process without using any complicated algorithms or expensive software.
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Authors and Affiliations

Trieu Khoa Nguyen
1
ORCID: ORCID
Minh Quang Chau
1
ORCID: ORCID
The-Can Do
2
Anh-Duc Pham
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  2. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Danang – University of Science and Technology, Da Nang City, Vietnam.

Investigation on Mechanical Properties of MAR-M247 Superalloy for Turbine Blades by Experiment and Simulation

Hao Lin Haipeng Geng Xifeng Zhou Leiming Song Xiaojun Hu
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2024 | vol. 69 | No 1 | 189-196 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2024.147808
Keywords heat treatment MAR-M247 nickel-based superalloy mechanical properties strength analysis turbine blades
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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the metallographic structure and the impact of the heat treatment process on the MAR-M247 superalloy, a high-temperature nickel-based superalloy commonly used in turbine blades. The heat treatment process can potentially influence the mechanical properties of the MAR-M247 superalloy at different temperatures. A strength simulation analysis of gas turbine blades should include the variations in the mechanical properties of the material. The effect of heat treatment on grain size was investigated by metallographic experiments, and numerical calculations of material mechanical properties were conducted. The mechanical property parameters necessary for finite element analysis of turbine blades were determined. Finally, a finite element simulation model of the blade was established based on these mechanical property parameters, and strength analysis was performed. The simulation results provided the stress distribution and the strength of the turbine blade.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hao Lin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Haipeng Geng
2
ORCID: ORCID
Xifeng Zhou
2
ORCID: ORCID
Leiming Song
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xiaojun Hu
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P.R. China
  2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, P.R. China

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